七参数判别法及其在松辽盆地东南隆起区油、气、水层判别中的应用

应用逐步判别分析数学原理 ,在松辽盆地东南隆起区建立了一种新型的利用气测录井资料定量判别油、气、水层的方法 ,即七参数判别法。应用该方法判别油、气、水层 ,平均符合率达82 3% ,提高了该地区油、气、水层定量判别的水平 ;并且 ,在荧光录井很难识别的气层、凝析油层等疑难层的判别上取得了较大突破 ,对现场快速识别油、气、水层方法研究是有益的探索     

应用录井资料综合判别油、气、水层方法

油、气、水层识别与评价是油气勘探开发中至关重要的工作，为此，从探讨应用气测、荧光和岩屑录井资料进行初步定性识别入手．分析了定量判别油、气、水层的常规气测录井解释方法的局限性问题，提出了针对气测录井解释符合率所涉及到的气测数据质量控制和选择有代表性气测数据的方法。给出了应用录井资料综合判别的方法，分析了常规解释方法的选择原则，在三角形图板法的基础上，给出了改进型的Q值法，针对C2／C3比值法结合对多口井的统计分析，给出了改进型的判别标准．并联系实践提出了简易参数法。应用这些方法，结合盖层封闭性能评价，对6大类不同性质油、气、水层进行的综分判别实例表明．其符合率较高。     

利用综合录井资料识别油、气、水层技术

油、气、水层的识别是录井工程的一项重要工作。在介绍识别油、气、水层步骤的基础上,对应用录井资料识别油、气、水层的定性识别方法和定量识别方面进行了详细阐述,现场应用效果表明,该方法能准确快速的识别油、气、水层。     

正态分布法在油(气)水层判别上的应用

在总结前人应用正态分布法识别油（气）水层的基础上，系统阐述了正态分布法判别油（气）水层的理论基础，并结合某油田测井资料处理解释实例，分析了油（气）层、水层及油水同层的正态分布特征曲线的差异。油层的累计频率正态分布曲线斜率较大，水层的累计频率正态分布曲线斜率较小．油水同层的累计频率正态分布曲线具有分段性，下部较小，上部较大。应用效果表明，正态分布法对于油（气）水层的判别是一种非常实用的方法，具有快速、直观的特点。     

计算机神经网络技术在综合录井油气层判别中的应用

利用神经网络技术B－P算法，把综合录井的多种数据综合起来，来解决过去油、气、水层判别准确率不高的问题。该软件系统经45口井359个层位的数据训练，达到了预想的目标，通过实际验证和试生产，总体解释符合率达到94．5％，能够更有效地体现录井手段在现场快速评价油、气、水层方面的优势。该技术的应用，提高了录井资料解释、应用的水平。     

计算机神经网络技术在综合录井油气层判别中的应用

利用神经网络技术B-P算法,把综合录井的多种数据综合起来,来解决过去油、气、水层判别准确率不高的问题。该软件系统经45口井359个层位的数据训练,达到了预想的目标,通过实际验证和试生产,总体解释符合率达到94.5%,能够更有效地体现录井手段在现场快速评价油、气、水层方面的优势。该技术的应用,提高了录井资料解释、应用的水平。     

利用气测录井简易参数法判别油、气、水层

气测录井现场解释评价常用且比较成熟的经验统计法有烃组分三角形图解法、皮克斯勒解释图板法、烃类比值法（3H法）等,由于不同井场的地下地质和地面环境因素不尽相同、钻井工程参数的差异和解释方法的局限性,各种方法的解释符合率均有一定程度的差异。从提高解释符合率以及简便、快速发现并判别油、气层的角度出发,分析了应用气测录井全烃、异常倍数和重烃相对含量判别储集层油气水状况的理论依据,给出了利用该3项参数的判别标准,结合实例分析了不同条件下的判别原则,同时指出了该方法的局限性。通过103个油、气、水层的判别实例归纳分析,表明这种方法简便、可行,符合率相对较高,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

应用逐步判别法建立气测解释模型

气测录井解释方法与模型多种多样,但其真正意义上的解释符合率却较低。该介绍了一种新型的气测录井解释方法的建立过程,即根据贝叶斯准则,用逐步判别分析法建立了气测录井解释模型,模型建立过程中选用样本数334个,数据源为气测全烃及色谱组分分析数据,根据归属最大概率判别油层、气层、油水同层、水层和干层。解释模型的显性水平为0．1,总体回判分辨率92％。     

录井技术在吉林油田疑难层解释评价中的应用

吉林油田陆续发现了荧光显示级别低的油水层及生物氧化降解重质油显示油气水层、残余油显示油水层、束缚油显示水层的特殊疑难层,该类疑难层应用常规录井难以识别,解释评价符合率非常低。针对这一情况,探讨了应用岩石热解、热解气相色谱、定量荧光和罐装气分析技术结合相关技术手段解释评价油气水层的方法。对于轻质油造成的荧光显示级别低的储集层。给出了解释评价标准和辅助识别图板;对于生物氧化降解、残余油和束缚水显示的特殊疑难储集层,应用岩石热解地化参数（S0＋S1、PR）、定量荧光相当油含量、核磁共振PK分析束缚水含量和自由流体含量等参数,结合热解气相色谱谱图和定量荧光谱图特征可进行有效识别与解释评价。实际应用表明,不同录井技术的综合应用实现了对上述疑难层的有效识别与准确解释评价,提高了吉林油田油气层的整体解释评价符合率。     

利用综合录井色谱气测信息解释油气层

根据综合录井色谱气测显示的成因分为钻进气、停钻气、起下钻气和污染气 ,其中钻进气显示是发现油、气、水层的重要依据 ,停钻气、起下钻气均对钻进气有干扰的作用 ,污染气产生高的背景值 ,在录井过程中 ,认真注意钻进气的出现 ,排除其他气显示的干扰 ,才能对油气层作出正确的判别。在色谱气测显示类型分析的基础上 ,介绍了中浅层气层的判别方法、深层气层的判别方法、重质油油层与水层的识别方法及轻质油油层与水层的识别方法     

陆相原油、生油岩、油页岩和煤等卟啉化合物的分离鉴定和对比

本文试图采用溶剂抽提、柱层析、旋转离心薄层层析、紫外可见分光、萤光分光、液相色谱、色谱-质谱等手段,对我国胜利、冀中、辽河、江汉等油田的原油及抚顺、茂名的油页岩、煤炭等样品中的卟啉化合物进行分析鉴定和研究,找出他们之间的特性和共性,以探讨原始有机质的演化及其地球化学环境.      

添加剂和润滑油中硫磷氯钙钡锌元素的测定

针对采用X射线荧光光谱仪测量添加剂和润滑油中S、P、Cl、Ca、Ba和Zn元素的方法,使用液体试样盒盛装试样的问题,建立了薄膜制样法,以成型滤纸片为标准物与试样的支撑材料,点滴法移取样品,制备样片,用透空照射法直接测定润滑油和添加剂中的系列元素,可以成功地测量含量大于0．01％的试样。重复性的相对标准偏差小于3％,是一种不需要预处理样品,可直接在仪器上测量的快速准确实用的方法。     

剪切作用及剪切构造与生,储油

对湘西泸溪县白沙含油瘤状灰岩的研究发现，剪切作用不仅会使油源岩在剪切破裂过程中摩擦生热，提供有机质成熟热能，还会导致颗粒紧密排列，形成应力梯度，促使石油初次运移。剪切构造既是良好的运移通道，也可使致密岩石成为裂缝性储层。     

HYDROPROCESSING LIGNIN AND LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS: PRODUCTS, KINETICS, AND CATALYST AGING

The hydroprocessing reactions of kraft lignin and four of its model compounds, o-hydroxydiphenylmethane (OHD), diphenylmethane (DPM), 4-phenoxyphenol (PP), and 4-methylguaiacol (MG) were studied over a sulfided CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. The reactions of OHD were also studied over sulfided Ni-Mo/γ-Al₂O₃, Ni-W/γ-Al₂O₃, and Ni-Mo/zeolite catalysts. Reaction pathways, kinetics, and catalyst deactivation were resolved. Experiments with the actual kraft lignin substrate showed that catalytic hydroprocessing led to higher yields of single-ring products and lower yields of light gas compared to hydropyrolysis alone. The CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst increased the selectivity to non-coking monophenolics and hydrocarbon products. The model compound results permitted interpretation. The hydroxyl substituents on OHD and PP directed bond cleavage strongly. The atom linking the two aromatic rings remained almost exclusively with the unsubstituted ring after cleavage. The substituent increased reactivity by at least an order of magnitude. The catalytic reactions of OHD, DPM, and PP were 10³-10⁴ times faster than their thermal reactions. Deoxygenation was appreciable in these reactions and in the catalytic hydroprocessing of MG. Collectively, these results suggest that the improved activity and selectivity in catalytic lignin liquefaction is due to enhancement of link cleavage and the transformation of coking dioxygen-substituted phenolic coke pecursors (e.g., catechols and guaiacols) to non-coking phenols. Hydrotreating catalysts with alumina supports appear suitable for lignin conversion. The highly active and rapidly deactivating zeolite-supported hydrotreating catalyst afforded a complex mixture of products. Regeneration of the alumina-supported catalysts would be required.     

天然气与油、煤、铀同盆共存富集关系及其有机物质基础

我国国家“973”多种能源矿产项目的科学家以富集多种能源矿产于一身的鄂尔多斯盆地为 研究地区,以油、气、煤、铀为研究对象,探讨能源矿产同盆共存富集成藏(矿)的物质基 础与地球动力学背景、成藏(矿)机理与富集环境、时空分布与主控因素等科学问题,这是通 过多学科交叉综合研究能源地球科学的新视角。通过国外文献的综合和仅以天然气与油 、煤、铀同盆共存富集的宏观关系及其宏观有机物质基础方面来附议这一问题,期望对相关 研究有所裨益     

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SEPARATIONS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF FRACTIONS FROM MAYAN,HEAVY ARABIAN,AND HONDO CRUDE OILS

ABSTRACT

Mayan, Heavy Arabian, and Hondo crude oil resids have been separated with a modified, extended ASTM D2007 procedure. The fractions obtained have been characterized with various analytical techniques. Chemical properties, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodemetallation activities of the resids have been correlated with the chemical properties of the separated fractions. Many correlations were indicative of the overall bulk properties of the resids and the broad chemical classes obtained from the separation schemes. Other correlations reflected the unique chemical nature of each crude oil resid. Some potentially important correlations were found between hydrodesulfurization activity and sulfur concentration in polars and asphaltenes, and between hydrodemetallation activity and nitrogen concentration in the acid and bases fractions.     

MATURITY AND SOURCE-ROCK POTENTIAL OF MESOZOIC AND PALAEOZOIC SEDIMENTS, JIFARAH BASIN, NW LIBYA

The Jifarah Basin, NW Libya, has a sedimentary fill which includes marine shales of Triassic, Permian, Silurian and Ordovician ages together with Jurassic evaporites and Cambro-Ordovician aeolian sandstones. Major risk in exploration of the basin is associated with the presence of source rocks. The present study investigates potential source rocks in the basin and assesses their thermal maturity, petroleum generation potential, organic richness and distribution. Cuttings and core samples from nine wells were analyzed using a Rock-Eval 6 instrument and by standard petrographic microscopy. Kerogen type and amount were recorded.
Triassic and Ordovician formations were only drilled in parts of the basin and have minor petroleum generation potential. Permian and Devonian samples also had low generation potential, as did samples from the upper part of the Silurian. The Devonian succession is of limited extent as a result of Hercynian uplift and erosion.
Major petroleum generation potential is associated with the lower part of the Silurian Tanezzuft Formation in which high TOC values and moderate to high HI values were recorded. The formation is characterized by abundant fluorescing alginite. Most samples studied were early mature to mid-mature but there was some regional variability.     

SEPARATIONS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF FRACTIONS FROM MAYAN, HEAVY ARABIAN, AND HONDO CRUDE OILS

Mayan, Heavy Arabian, and Hondo crude oil resids have been separated with a modified, extended ASTM D2007 procedure. The fractions obtained have been characterized with various analytical techniques. Chemical properties, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodemetallation activities of the resids have been correlated with the chemical properties of the separated fractions. Many correlations were indicative of the overall bulk properties of the resids and the broad chemical classes obtained from the separation schemes. Other correlations reflected the unique chemical nature of each crude oil resid. Some potentially important correlations were found between hydrodesulfurization activity and sulfur concentration in polars and asphaltenes, and between hydrodemetallation activity and nitrogen concentration in the acid and bases fractions.     

BASEMENT LITHOLOGY AND ITS CONTROL ON SEDIMENTATION, TRAP FORMATION AND HYDROCARBON MIGRATION, WIDURI-INTAN OILFIELDS, SE SUMATRA

The Widuri-Intan oilfields produce from late Oligocene sandstones of the Talang Akar Formation, which were deposited in a fluvial-to-deltaic setting on the NW side of the Asri Basin, offshore SE Sumatra. The Asri Basin is of rift origin and formed during the early Oligocene, with its axis oriented in a NE-SW direction. Approximately 310 million brls of oil have been produced from the fields within the 12-by-12 mile (20-by-20 km) study area. The oil occurs in a series of structural and stratigraphic traps within slightly sinuous to meandering channel sandstone bodies. The reservoir sequence (sandstone interbedded with minor mudstone and coal) overlies basement rocks, which are predominantly Cretaceous in age. Forty-nine well penetrations have shown that the basement is composed of one of four lithologies: (1) hornblende granodiorite; (2) metamorphic rocks, mainly mica schist; (3) plugs of metabasalt and related volcanic rocks; or (4) dolomitic limestone. A combination of drill cuttings, sidewall and conventional cores and FMS/FMI images has been used to identify and map the distribution of basement rock type. The basement was subjected to exposure and deep weathering prior to the formation of the Asri Basin, as evidenced by the zones of surface alteration encountered during drilling. The basement palaeotopography had a strong influence on the later distribution of major fluvial channels and sand pinch-outs. Several major faults appear to be controlled by basement lithology, especially at the boundaries of granodiorite and metabasalt intrusives. An important shear zone, oriented NW-SE, appears to have offset the basement between the main Widuri and Intan fields, and was subsequently the site of silicification of the mica schists in the basement. The Lidya field is situated where the reservoir pinches out onto eroded areas of basement silicification along this shear zone. Palaeocurrents in the upper 34–2 and 34–1 channel sandstones in the Widuri field were controlled by the orientation of this basement feature. Drape and compaction of Oligocene Talang Akar Formation sediments over eroded volcanic plugs have defined or enhanced a number of structural/stratigraphic plays, including the Widuri and Chesy fields. From seismic and well evidence, the reservoir sequence at the Indri field is underlain by dolomitic limestone and exhibits a series of unusual karst-related sinkhole and collapse structures. These are circular to slightly elliptical in shape, and extend from basement level to over 900 ft vertically into the overlying Talang Akar Formation.