环氧化酶-2在胃癌中的表达及其与血管生成和细胞增殖的关系

目的：探讨环氧化酶－2（COX－2）在胃癌中的表达及其与血管形成和细胞增殖的关系。方法：用免疫组化S－P法检测43例胃癌的COX－2表达，采用抗Ⅷ因子相关抗原单克隆抗体和PCNA单克隆抗体分别进行微血管内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞增殖核抗原染色，计算微血管密度（MVD）和PCNA指数，分析其相关性。结果：COX－2在胃癌组织表达的阳性率为60．5％，高于对照组（P＜0．01），COX－2的高表达与胃癌淋巴结的转移和临床分期有关，与肿瘤大小，浸润深度，分化程度均无关，COX－2表达阳性组的MVD和PCNA指数明显高于COX－2表达阴性组（P＜0．05），COX－2表达与MVD和PCNA指数呈丰关（P＜0．05），结论：COX－2的表达对胃癌细胞的增殖和血管形成可能起重要作用，是判断预后和指导治疗的有效指标。     

老年人胃癌MVD检测及其意义

 目的　探讨老年人胃癌微血管密度(MVD)的意义。方法　用免疫组织化学方法检测100例老年人胃癌及60例青年人胃癌第Ⅷ因子相关抗原(FVIIIAg)。结果　1.老年人胃癌累及浆膜病例少于青年人胃癌,P<0.01;2.淋巴结转移少于青年人胃癌,P<0.05;3.MVD低于青年人胃癌,P<0.01。结论　老年人胃癌浸润较浅,淋巴结转移较少可能与其MVD较低有关。     

胃癌组织中微血管计数与肝转移的相关性研究

目的 :应用第Ⅷ因子相关性抗原 ,行SABC免疫组化染色 ,研究胃癌组织中微血管计数及分布方式与肝转移的相关性。方法 :全组 75例胃癌标本 ,制成石蜡切片 ,SABC免疫组化染色后 ,2 0 0倍显微镜下计数 5个血管密度最高区中微血管数及微血管在癌组织内的分布方式。结果 :全部病例癌组织中微血管 (MVC)均值为 16 .70 7± 10 .718,MVC≥ 16者 ,肝转移发生率较MVC <16者明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。MVC分布为肿瘤内型者以分化型癌为多 ,较间质型更易发生肝转移。高血管组比低血管组预后差。结论 :胃癌组织中MVC的高低是胃癌预后的一个有用的预测指标。     

胃癌组织VEGF表达和MVD与临床病理因素相关性分析

目的:观察胃癌组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达和微血管密度(MVD),分析两者与胃癌临床病理学指标之间的关系.方法:即用型免疫组化EliVisionTM plus试剂盒检测80例胃癌组织VEGF及Ⅷ因子相关抗原的表达,Ⅷ因子相关抗原用作评估MVD的指标,分析VEGF和MVD与临床病理因素之间的相关性.结果:VEGF主要表达于癌细胞的细胞质中,阳性表达率为71.25％ (57/80),VEGF的阳性表达与胃癌临床分期、TNM分期、是否有淋巴结转移和是否侵及浆膜密切相关,P＜0.05.Ⅷ因子相关抗原表达于肿瘤间质血管内细胞胞质,胃癌组织MVD计数平均值为36.563±3.901.胃癌组织中MVD计数与胃癌是否有淋巴结转移、TNM分期、是否侵及浆膜和肿瘤大小相关,P＜0.05.在57例VEGF阳性表达的胃癌组织中,MVD平均密度(36.83±8.87)高于在23例VEGF阴性表达的胃癌组织中的平均密度(31.08±9.54),差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论:VEGF的表达与胃癌的发生发展有密切关系,共同检测VEGF和MVD在胃癌组织中的表达可以作为判断胃癌患者预后的有效指标.     

胃癌间质微血管的定量意义

 应用F_Ⅷ相关抗原并采用LSAB法对54例手术切除的胃癌组织微血管进行了定量研究，结果表明，早期胃癌微血管密度明显低于进展期胃癌（P＜0．02）；进展期胃癌中，高分化腺癌微血管数明显低于低分化腺癌和末分化癌（P＜0．02，P＜0．01）；微血管密度和腔面积在有无淋巴结转移两组胃癌中差异亦分别有显著性意义（P＜0．01，P＜0．01）。提示微血管与胃癌细胞分化、浸润及淋巴结转移有关，为临床抗微血管治疗肿瘤提供有价值的指标。     

bFGF及其抗体对裸鼠皮下移植膀胱癌生长影响的研究

 目的　探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)及其抗体对裸鼠人膀胱癌移植瘤生长的影响和作用机制。方法　建立膀胱癌EJ细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤动物模型 ,观察bFGF和bFGF抗体对裸鼠皮下瘤生长状况的影响 ;应用免疫组织化学方法检测肿瘤组织中增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)和Ⅷ因子相关抗原的表达。结果　 (1)bFGF治疗组皮下瘤体积和重量分别比对照组显著增多 ,瘤组织中PCNA指数和微血管密度 (MVD)也显著提高 ;(2 )bFGF抗体治疗组皮下瘤体积和重量比对照组均显著减少 ,瘤组织中PC NA指数和MVD也显著降低。结论　bFGF能够促进膀胱癌生长而bFGF抗体具有抑制肿瘤的作用 ,其作用机制与调控肿瘤细胞增殖和血管形成有关     

胃癌组织中微血管数量与肝转移的关系

目的 本试验拟通过对胃癌组织中微血管的数量、血管分布方式的检测,探讨其与肝转移的关系。方法 收集胃癌石蜡标本７５例,其中肝转移２９例,采用兔抗人第Ⅷ因子相关抗体,ＳＡＢＣ免疫组化方法,在２００倍镜下计数每个病例癌组织中的血管数,以均值作为区分高、低血管组的标准。按血管在癌组织中的分布方式分为：肿瘤内型和间质型。检测,胃癌组织中的微血管数量和分布方式,比较与肝转移的关系。结果 全组病例的微血管数范围     

胃癌组织中p27基因和增殖细胞核抗原的表达与关系

目的　观察胃癌组织中p2 7基因的表达和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)染色强度指数间的关系及临床意义。方法　采用LSAB免疫组织化学法。结果　在68例原发性胃癌组织中,p2 7基因阳性表达率47 0 6% (3 2 /68) ,PCNA染色指数平均为5 9 18±3 2 8,p2 7基因阳性率和PCNA染色指数在组织学分级Ⅰ级中明显低于组织学分级Ⅲ级(P <0 0 1) ;在无淋巴结转移者中明显低于有淋巴结转移者(P <0 0 5 )。结论　胃癌组织中p2 7基因的表达和PCNA染色指数与胃癌的发生、发展密切相关,可以客观反映胃癌的组织分化状态,肿瘤进展及转移潜力。     

端粒酶和p53及PCNA蛋白过度表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系

目的:观察端粒酶活性、p53蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearantigen,PCNA)在胃癌组织中的表达及其与胃癌分化、浸润和转移的关系。方法:端粒重复序列扩增(telomericrepeatamplificationprotocol,TRAP)法检测58例胃癌和35例癌旁正常组织中端粒酶活性;采用免疫组化SABC法检测40例胃癌和35例癌旁正常组织中p53和PCNA的表达,并对端粒酶活性与临床病理特征以及p53和PCNA的表达的关系进行分析。结果:胃癌组织端粒酶活性、p53和PCNA阳性率分别为89%(49/55)、77.5%(31/40)和80%(32/40);癌旁正常组织端粒酶活性、p53和PCNA阳性率分别为11.4%(4/35)、8.5%(3/35)和14.2%(5/35),胃癌组织与正常组织相比差异有统计学意义,P=0.0256;胃癌不同分期及分化程度之间端粒酶活性的差异无统计学意义,P值分别为0.1741和0.0852,而且端粒酶活性与p53、PCNA表达之间无相关性,P=0.0859。结论:端粒酶活化、p53和PCNA表达均参与胃癌的发生和发展;端粒酶、p53和PCNA在胃癌分化、浸润中各自起着独立的作用;端粒酶、p53和PCNA同时高表达的患者具有较高的淋巴结转移率。     

环氧合酶-2、增殖细胞核抗原在胃癌组织中的表达及预后意义

目的 探讨环氧合酶—2(COX—2)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)在胃癌、不典型增生及慢性萎缩性胃炎组织中的表达及预后意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法，检测COX—2及PCNA在232例胃癌组织中的表达情况，并分析它们的预后意义。结果COX—2、PCNA在慢性萎缩性胃炎中的表达率明显低于不典型增生者(P＜0．01)，在胃癌组织中的表达明显高于非癌组织(P＜0．05—0．01)；COX一2及PCNA表达与胃癌淋巴结转移、血管浸润均密切相关(P＜0．01)；COX一2阳性表达及PCNA高表达者5年生存率明显低于阴性或低表达者(P＜0．05)。多因素分析显示，淋巴结转移、COX—2表达、浸润深度、血管浸润均为胃癌独立的预后因素。结论 COX—2、PCNA在胃癌组织中过度表达，与胃癌的生长和浸润转移关系密切，可作为反映胃癌生物学行为和判断预后的有效指标。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。     

甲胎蛋白与自噬在肝癌发生发展中的作用及其相互关系

甲胎蛋白（AFP）作为临床诊断肝癌最常用的肿瘤标志物,有抑制免疫、促进细胞生长、抑制癌细胞凋亡的作用。自噬是一种维持细胞生存的重要途径之一,其与肝癌的发生发展及治疗有着密切联系,对肝癌既有抑制又有促进作用。PI3K/AKT作为两者共有的信号通路,它们是否有着相互关系来促进肝癌的发展尚需进一步研究。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

芦荟大黄素及芦荟提取物的诱变性和抗诱变性

目的:用L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞体外微核试验评价芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物的诱变和抗诱变作用,为其安全性评价提供依据。方法:设溶剂对照、阳性对照和抗诱变对照,芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物诱变和抗诱变试验各设4个剂量组,处理L5178Y细胞12 h后按常规方法进行体外微核试验分析。结果:较高浓度(6.67μg/ml)的芦荟大黄素可致微核细胞率增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而芦荟提取物未见此效应。在一定剂量范围内,芦荟大黄素(0.22～6μg/ml)和芦荟提取物(20～180μg/ml)对甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)所致微核细胞率均有一定程度的拮抗作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素具有一定的诱变作用,而在本实验剂量范围内的芦荟提取物未见遗传毒性。两种受试物在一定范围内均能较好地拮抗MMS所致的染色体损伤。     

非小细胞肺癌组织Survivin表达及其与预后的相关性

目的:探讨Survivin在判断非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的病情及预后中的价值。方法:对NSCLC组织50例应用免疫组织化学染色法检测Survivin的表达,并分析其与各项临床因素以及预后的关系。结果:Survivin在NSCLC组织中表达的阳性率为78.0%(39/50);Survivin在NSCLC组织的表达状况与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤分布、肿瘤直径、组织学分类、分化程度和p-TNM分期无关,P>0.05;生存率的单因素分析显示,Survivin的表达状况(P=0.035)、p-TNM分期(P=0.000)与患者的预后相关;生存率的多因素分析显示,Survivin的表达状况(P=0.027)、p-TNM分期(P=0.000)是影响患者预后的独立指标。结论:NSCLC患者术后生存率受Survivin表达、p-TNM分期等多种因素的影响。Survivin表达是影响患者预后的独立指标。