基于CFBG的SSB调制系统研究

研究了啁啾光纤光栅(CFBG,Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating)的SSB调制系统。对光信号给予一定的色散补偿,能有效的实现单边带调制(SSB,Single Sideband)。并以高斯形载波光谱为例,对基于60GHz的副载波调制光信号进行了数值计算。结果显示,该滤波系统能够实现22dB边带抑制比和88km的色散预补偿。     

超短脉冲复宗量拉盖尔-高斯光束在群速度色散体介质中的传输

基于脉冲光束在群速度色散体介质中的传输方程,通过傅里叶变换的方法,将超短脉冲复宗量拉盖尔-高斯光束的时空传输问题转换为谱域的空间传输问题.在谱域中单色连续光的复宗量拉盖尔-高斯光束解的基础上,利用拉盖尔多项式的递推关系式得到了时间域中超短脉冲复宗量拉盖尔-高斯光束的解析解.此类超短脉冲光束各频谱分量的空间分布为复宗量拉盖尔-高斯光束,并且各频谱分量具有同样的衍射程度.由于各高阶超短脉冲复宗量拉盖尔-高斯光束解仅为超短脉冲基模高斯光束解不同阶次的偏微分,可以很容易得到其时空光场分布.基于负色散介质中的(0,2)模超短脉冲复宗量拉盖尔-高斯光束,我们研究了此类超短脉冲光束的传输性质.结果表明:在传输过程中,其时间和空间分布均逐渐增大.除此之外,光束边沿还发生了相对光束中心的脉冲延迟.该延迟来源于两方面:其一为光束的非均匀群速度分布;其二为衍射导致的频率红移.随着脉冲宽度的增加,光束边沿的延迟效应迅速减弱,当脉冲宽度达到5倍振荡周期时,该效应可以忽略不计.     

非绝热条件下二能级系统中的粒子布居几率振荡

利用密度矩阵运动方程,研究了线性啁啾脉冲光场作用下二能级原子系统的粒子布居几率振荡现象,并在布洛赫矢量模型表象下,通过布洛赫矢量的动态演化过程分析了布居几率振荡的物理机理。结果表明,布居几率的振荡是由激发光场的啁啾效应引起的,它所反映的是二能级原子系统中粒子布居转移色散和吸收这者之间的动态转化过程。     

LED脉冲光对生菜叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为探究LED脉冲光对作物叶绿素荧光特性的影响,本研究以玻璃生菜为研究对象,设计了14个频率(1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128、256、512、1 024、2 048、4 096和8 192Hz)和5个占空比(20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)组合的脉冲光,利用双通道PAM-100荧光仪测定了不同脉冲光处理下生菜叶片的叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:低频率(256Hz)低占空比(≤60%)处理的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光量子效率(Fv/Fm)、有效光量子效率(Fv′/Fm′)、实际光化学量子产额(ФPSⅡ)和光化学淬灭(qP)显著低于连续光,非光化学淬灭(NPQ)和PSⅡ调节性能量耗散的量子产额(ФNPQ)显著高于连续光处理;2Hz以下低占空比处理的非调节性能量耗散的量子产额(ФNO)显著高于连续光;256Hz及以上和256Hz以下的部分高占空比处理的荧光参数与连续光的荧光参数无显著差异。综上,低频率低占空比的脉冲光会降低生菜叶片的光合活性,2Hz的低占空比会导致PSⅡ发生损伤,高频率以及低频高占空比的脉冲光处理不会对生菜叶片的PSⅡ活性、光合电子传递及能量分配造成影响。本研究可为LED节能补光灯的研发提供理论支撑。     

不同脉冲光对生菜生长、品质及光合特性的影响

为研究不同频率占空比组合对生菜光合作用的影响,以生菜为试验材料,筛选出与连续光相同净光合速率条件下的3个最小频率与占空比的组合处理（T1：2 048 Hz+20%;T2：512 Hz+40%;T3：128 Hz+80%）,并以连续光为对照（CK）,研究脉冲光对生菜生长、品质及光合特性的影响。结果表明,脉冲光供光模式对生菜形态、干鲜重、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数总体影响不大,但高频低占空比处理（T1）能显著提高叶绿素含量;除维生素C含量外,所有脉冲光处理下生菜品质指标表现均不劣于连续光（CK）,硝态氮含量、可溶性总糖及还原糖含量均优于连续光,总体来说T1处理的品质最好。说明在与连续光相同的净光合速率条件下,脉冲光的供光模式不仅不影响生菜生长,还能改善品质;低频高占空比组合的脉冲光处理生菜品质更好,但在实际生产中应结合脉冲光能耗选择合适的光源。     

叶用莴苣叶片对LED脉冲光的光合响应模型及光能利用

为探究LED脉冲光对作物光合特性的影响,探讨在不影响作物正常生长的前提下如何进一步降低能耗,提高照光效率,选用叶用莴苣(Lactuca sative L.)为试验材料,设置5个占空比水平(20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)和14个频率水平(1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128,256、512、1 024、2 048、4 096和8 192 Hz),共计70个处理,以连续光(占空比100%)为对照,探讨不同形式脉冲光对叶片净光合速率(Pn)的影响,并构建脉冲光占空比和频率与净光合速率之间的响应模型。通过对模型边际效应、交互作用以及光能利用率(LUE)的分析得出:占空比和频率都对 Pn 增长有促进作用,随着占空比和频率的增加,Pn也随之增加并最终趋于稳定状态直至与连续光处理的Pn无显著差异;占空比越高,叶用莴苣叶片的Pn达到饱和的频率越低;当Pn达到饱和状态时,脉冲光下的LUE要显著高于连续光。综上,占空比20%、频率512 Hz为最佳占空比与脉冲光频率组合。该结果可为优化LED植物节能补光灯光源参数设计及研发提供理论支撑。     

一种改进的载波抑制调制光毫米波信号的产生方案

为了克服光纤无线(ROF)系统中色散对光载波抑制(OCS)调制光毫米波信号传输的影响,提出一种改进的OCS调制方案。使用双驱动马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM),通过调整两路输入射频信号相位、基带信号增益和直流偏置电压将2.5Gbit/s数据信号仅调制到(OCS)信号的一个边带上传输。理论分析表明,与传统OCS调制光毫米波信号产生方案相比,本文方案解决了色度色散引起的码元走离问题,大大增加了传输距离。仿真实验结果表明,经过110km光纤传输后信号的眼图仍然十分清晰,在BER=10-10条件下,信号经过20、40和60km光纤传输后的功率代价分别为0.78、1.7和1.9dB。     

基于光质配比的智能植物补光试验研究

基于不同光质配比对植物生长有不同的生理意义,对LED智能植物补光灯进行研究,提出了可以"一灯多用"的光质配比补光方法.补光灯以FPGA为控制器,选用RGB-LED灯珠为补光灯源,通过光强传感器采集光强值,当与预设值不符时,调用补光配比方案库内与植物种类对应的补光信号,通过三路恒流驱动电路分别控制R、G、B 3个发光芯片的P WM占空比,以实现光谱可调、光质配比可调的智能补光.通过红蓝光2:1配比光照为生菜种子补光的萌发试验,发现种子萌发数显著高于对照组(P<0.05).此智能补光灯成本低,设计简单,调光比例精确,基本可满足植物对光的需求,极具实用价值.     

基于FPGA和单片机的实时脉冲信号参数测量仪

脉冲信号参数测量仪是一种常用的测量仪器,可以测量脉冲信号频率、占空比等参数,具有测量精度高、速度快、操作简便、数字显示等特点,广泛应用在电子技术相关的教学科研中。针对传统的脉冲信号参数测量仪价格昂贵、体积大等问题,采用低功耗的FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)芯片作为主控芯片,再由单片机控制显示被测脉冲信号的频率以及占空比,在测量频率范围和测量误差方面都很好地满足系统的设计要求。同时为了系统自校准和对外信号输出的需要,该测量仪还能产生1 MHz的标准矩形脉冲信号,具有一定的实用性。     

噪声对瞬时测频接收机性能的影响

瞬时测频接收机性能最基本的要求就是测频精度，而空问内的各种非接收信号的电磁辐射源和由于各种反射体引起与接收信号路程差的反射信号等噪声信号，对瞬时测频接收机的测频精度和频率的分辨力的性能有着不可忽视的影响，并且这种影响具有不确定性。本文着重分析了噪声对瞬时测频接收机测频误差、系统的灵敏度及接收机的虚警概率和探测概率所造成的影响。     

Picosecond holographic-grating spectroscopy

Interfering light waves produce an optical interference pattern in any medium that interacts with light. This modulation of some physical parameter of the system acts as a classical holographic grating for optical radiation. When such a grating is produced through interaction of pulsed light waves with an optical transition, a transient grating is formed whose decay is a measure of the relaxation time of the excited state. Transient gratings can be formed in real space or in frequency space depending on the time ordering of the interfering light waves. The two gratings are related by a space-time transformation and contain complementary information on the optical dynamics of a system. The status of a grating can be probed by a delayed third pulse, which diffracts off this grating in a direction determined by the wave vector difference of the interfering light beams. This generalized concept of a transient grating can be used to interpret many picosecond-pulse optical experiments on condensed-phase systems. Examples of some low-temperature experiments will be presented. In principle, many of these experiments could also be performed by using stochastic broad-band excitation. In these nonlinear photon-interference experiments the time resolution is determined by the correlation time of the light source rather than its pulse width.     

基于双悬臂梁结构的光纤加速度传感器

为消除悬臂梁结构加速度传感器由于光纤表面粘贴产生的啁啾现象,增强横向抗干扰能力,提高共振频率,提出了一种基于双悬臂梁结构的光纤加速度传感器。给出了理论分析结果,建立了有限元模型,得到了加速度灵敏度表达式,并且探讨了在共振频率不变的情况下提高加速度灵敏度的方法。实验结果表明,该传感器在6～50 Hz内频响平坦,加速度灵敏度为14pm/g,抗横向干扰能力达20dB,与理论计算较好地吻合。     

All-optical magnetic resonance in semiconductors

A scheme is proposed wherein nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be induced and monitored using only optical fields. In analogy to radio-frequency fields used in traditional NMR, circularly polarized light creates electron spins in semiconductors whose hyperfine coupling could tip nuclear moments. Time-resolved Faraday rotation experiments were performed in which the frequency of electron Larmor precession was used as a magnetometer of local magnetic fields experienced by electrons in n-type gallium arsenide. Electron spin excitation by a periodic optical pulse train appears not only to prepare a hyperpolarized nuclear moment but also to destroy it resonantly at magnetic fields proportional to the pulse frequency. This resonant behavior is in many ways supportive of a simple model of optically induced NMR, but a curious discrepancy between one of the observed frequencies and classic NMR values suggests that this phenomenon is more complex.     

Circadian clock in photoperiodic time measurement: a test of the Bünning hypothesis

A technique has been developed for effectively separating the direct inductive effect of a light signal from its effect on the phase of the rhythm of sensitivity to photoperiodic induction. With this technique it has been shown that a 75-minute pulse of light per day, when appropriately positioned with respect to the circadian activity cycle of the sparrow Passer domesticus, is sufficient to produce a response normally produced only by long days. The results cannot be interpreted in terms of a requirement of an absolute amount of either darkness or light and offer strong confirmation of Bünning's hypothesis concerning the mechanism of photoperiodic time measurement.     

Probing proton dynamics in molecules on an attosecond time scale

We demonstrate a technique that uses high-order harmonic generation in molecules to probe nuclear dynamics and structural rearrangement on a subfemtosecond time scale. The chirped nature of the electron wavepacket produced by laser ionization in a strong field gives rise to a similar chirp in the photons emitted upon electron-ion recombination. Use of this chirp in the emitted light allows information about nuclear dynamics to be gained with 100-attosecond temporal resolution, from excitation by an 8-femtosecond pulse, in a single laser shot. Measurements on molecular hydrogen and deuterium agreed well with calculations of ultrafast nuclear dynamics in the H2+ molecule, confirming the validity of the method. We then measured harmonic spectra from CH4 and CD4 to demonstrate a few-femtosecond time scale for the onset of proton rearrangement in methane upon ionization.     

Ferromagnetic imprinting of nuclear spins in semiconductors

We examine how a ferromagnetic layer affects the coherent electron spin dynamics in a neighboring gallium arsenide semiconductor. Ultrafast optical pump-probe measurements reveal that the spin dynamics are unexpectedly dominated by hyperpolarized nuclear spins that align along the ferromagnet's magnetization. We find evidence that photoexcited carriers acquire spin-polarization from the ferromagnet, and dynamically polarize these nuclear spins. The resulting hyperfine fields are as high as 9000 gauss in small external fields (less than 1000 gauss), enabling ferromagnetic control of local electron spin coherence.     

基于半导体压阻传感器的脉搏信号采集系统

介绍了关于人体脉搏信号采集装置的研究与设计方法.采用半导体压阻传感器对脉搏信号进行采集,其灵敏度、精度高,动态响应快,能够有效地提高脉搏信号的测量精度.     

Parametric Generation of Tunable Light from Continuous-Wave to Femtosecond Pulses

By exploiting nonlinear optical effects, a technology of unprecedented flexibility for the production of tunable coherent light has been developed. Referred to as optical parametric generation, it provides sources with spectral coverage extending all the way from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared, and with temporal coverage extending over all time domains from the femtosecond pulse to the continuous wave. Such sources generate coherent light of outstanding optical quality and are now finding wide-ranging applications.     

Auditory system of noctuid moths

Insect-eating bats find their aerial food by sonar, through emitting ultrasonic chirps and locating sources of echoes. Certain moths have ears sensitive to these chirps and can detect bats well beyond the range of the bats' sonar. On hearing a distant bat, many moths turn and fly directly away from the source of ultrasound. Only one sense cell in each ear of a moth provides the primary nervous information for this response. This article describes my initial attempts to find out how a moth's central nervous system processes the train of chirps reaching its two ears. The ear of a restrained moth is exposed to a sequence of artifically generated ultrasonic pulses that approximates the cries made by a bat. This stimulus can be varied with respect to ultrasonic frequency (pitch), pulse intensity, pulse duration, the interval between pulses, and pulse-train duration. The more sensitive acoustic sense cell responds to all frequencies between about 15,000 and 80,000 cycles per second, but the signal that it transmits to the moth's central nervous system contains no measure of frequency within this range. However, this nerve signal reports variations in the other parameters of the stimulus. The acoustic fiber connects, in the central nervous system, with various nerve cells that transform the signal farther. The signal from a pulse-marker neuron contains no measures of pulse intensity or pulse duration, reporting only changes in interpulse interval and pulse-train duration. A train-marker neuron reports only the duration of the pulse train. The stimulus parameters may be likened to keys, each of which is necessary to gain admittance through a given door but becomes superfluous once this door has been passed. This analogy suggests one of the ways in which a signal is transformed in its passage through the nervous system, and how its specificity is assured in eliciting a given response. In addition to undergoing this kind of transformation, neural signals generated in the two directionally sensitive ears must be combined if a flying moth is to steer a course away from a distant bat. Neurons have been discovered in the central ganglia which summate signals from the right and left ears. Other neurons are inhibited in their activity by stimulation of one ear. The moth may combine signals from these neurons with motor-nerve information on the attitude of its own wings, which act as oscillating baffles modifying its directional acoustic sensitivity 20 to 40 times a second as it flaps an erratic path through the darkness.