优化结构设计提高9.00-20 16PR载重斜交轮胎的高速与耐久性能

对９．００－２０１６ＰＲ载重斜交轮的技术设计和施工设计进行改进,使其耐久性试验最高达到１４４ｈ,高速性能试验通过了１１０ｋｍ．ｈ＾－１运行２ｈ,均达到原工部第３次载重轮胎的攻关指标,其它试验项目结果也都符合国家标准。     

国内外9.00R20 14PR轮胎对比试验

对３个国外品牌和５个国内品牌的９．００Ｒ２０１４ＰＲ轮胎进行强度、耐久性物高速性能对比试验。结果表明,９．０００Ｒ２０２４ＺＰＲ轮胎的３项试验结果均达到相应的国家标准及技术规范要求,国产９．００Ｒ２０１４ＰＲ的强度值居中且数值相近;耐久性能超过国家标准规定的４７ｈ,人武部达到７０ｈ以上;高速性能通过１００ｋｍ．ｈ＾－１行驶２ｈ检验。     

载重斜交轮胎胎面胶两方两块配方的设计

通过试验研究调整了载重斜交轮胎胎冠胶两方两块配方,增大了胎冠胶及胎侧胶的３００％定伸应力,提高了胎产的磨耗性能和轮胎的速度性能。配方调整后生产的９．００－２０１６ＰＲ轮胎顺利通过１００ｋｍ．ｈ＾－１的速度性能检验。     

改进花纹设计提高轻型载重轮胎高速性能

将胎面纵向花纹沟与周向夹角由３０°改为２０°，中间花纹沟宽度改为小于边部花纹沟宽度，胎肩设计由切线型改为反弧型后，设计并试制了数种规格轻型载重轮胎。室内高速试验表明，轮胎破坏速度提高６．６７％，达到１６０ｋｍ·ｈ－１以上。里程试验表明，车辆持续行驶速度达到１２０ｋｍ·ｈ－１后，方向灵活，轮胎回正性能优良．最高速度可达１３５ｋｍ·ｈ－１。由此证明，花纹设计是改善轻型载重轮胎速度性能的关键。     

1996年度全钢载重子午线轮胎里程试验结果及分析

对照１９９５年度我国全钢载重子午线轮胎里程试验结果,对１９９６年度里程试验结果进行了分析和评价。１９９６年度试验中,云南地区各厂牌轮胎平均行驶里程７８３０５ｋｍ,平均累计磨耗７２６４ｋｍ．ｍｍ＾－１,一次翻新率１００％;南京地区各厂牌轮胎平均行驶里程１３２３５６ｋｍ,平均累积磨耗１４８６５ｋｍ．ｍｍ＾－１,一次翻新率１００％。     

优化配方设计提高9.00-20 16PR载重斜交轮胎的速度与耐久性能

依据提高载重斜交轮胎速度性能的技术思路,结合新疆地区公路的特点,对９－００－２０ １６ＰＲ载重斜交轮胎整体配方结构进行优化设计。改进后轮胎耐久性能达到１１５ ｈ,较改进前提高近２５％ ,速度性能达到１００ ｋｍ·ｈ－ １行驶２ ｈ,达到了预期目标,轮胎的其它技术指标也符合国家标准。     

活化胶粉在汽车轮胎中的应用研究

采用现生产配方并稍作调整，研究在汽车轮胎胎面胶中应用４０目活化胶粉、胎侧和胎体帘布胶中应用４０和６０目活化胶粉对胶料性能的影响。结果表明，汽车轮胎胎面、胎侧和胎体帘布胶中少量（５～１０份）应用４０和６０目活化胶粉，胶料抗屈挠龟裂、生热、耐磨性及胶线粘合强度等综合性能有所改善或提高，强伸性能有所下降，工艺性能较好；成品胎（９００－２０）耐久性能达到国家Ａ级品标准，行驶里程较高，高速性能试验（１１００－２０）通过１００ｋｍ·ｈ－１，试验后各部件粘合强度也较高。过量或不适当地使用活化胶粉，会导致胶料物理性能的大幅度下降和工艺性能的劣化，并且导致轮胎胎面耐刺扎性能的降低。     

350-10高速无内胎摩托车轮胎的研制

介绍３５０－１０高速无内胎摩托车轮胎的结构和配方设计参数。硫化模型断面高宽比Ｈ／Ｂ为１０２３，Ｃ／Ｂ为０７４４２，Ｈ１／Ｈ２为０９１３０，ｂ／Ｂ为１０４７，ｈ／Ｈ为０２９５５；花纹选用混合花纹；气密层胶采用ＣＩＲ／ＮＲ（７０／３０）并用。该轮胎机床试验高速性能达１５０ｋｍ／ｈ×３０ｍｉｎ，气密性良好。     

烟台轮胎厂推出“山玲”牌“新世纪王”载重轮胎

烟台轮胎厂依靠科技进步 ,成功地开发出又一轮胎新产品———“山玲”牌“新世纪王”1 0 0 0 -2 0 1 6ＰＲ载重轮胎。　　该轮胎外观设计采用国际先进技术 ,花纹耐磨且美观 ,胎体材料分布均匀而科学 ,其高速性能按国家载重轮胎攻关的试验标准 ,在 30 0 0ｋｇ负荷下 ,行驶 1 36 0ｋｍ ,最终速度为 1 0 0ｋｍ·ｈ- 1 ,共行驶了 1 6 5ｈ ,达到了国内同类规格轮胎的先进水平。烟台轮胎厂推出“山玲”牌“新世纪王”载重轮胎$山东玲珑集团公司政治处@刘纯宝     

硅烷偶联剂在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用研究

对含硅烷偶平剂的白炭黑填充胎面胶料进行了小配合和大配合试验。大配合试验结果表明,胶料各项性能均达到了一钢载重子午线轮胎面胶的技术指标。按大配合试验胶料配方和工艺条件试制了一批９．００Ｒ２０轮胎,成品轮胎参加实际里程试验,平均单耗接近１．７万ｋｍ．ｍｍ＾－１,且胎面磨损光滑,无崩花掉块现象。     

680×260无内胎航空轮胎结构的优化设计

对 68 0× 2 60无内胎航空轮胎的结构及设计参数的选取进行了优化 ,并对轮胎各部位应力进行了分析。轮胎成品性能试验结果表明 ,680× 2 60无内胎航空轮胎的额定速度可以达到 360km·h- 1 ,临界速度达380km·h- 1 ,轮胎外缘尺寸、强度、气密性、水压爆破等性能均符合国家军用标准 ,完全达到设计和使用要求。     

单层聚酯帘布在轿车子午线轮胎中的应用

研究单层聚酯帘布在轿车子午线轮胎中的应用。在195 60R14轮胎中采用1670dtex 2 DSP聚酯帘布单层胎体结构，相应调整模型设计和工艺技术后．成品轮胎的动平衡及均匀性提高．A级品达90％以上。H级轮胎高速性能通过250km．h^-1。耐久性能提高60h以上。同时．成型效率提高约30％．每条轮胎可节约成本约7元。     

Improved cycling performance with ingestion of hydrolyzed marine protein depends on performance level

Background

The effect on performance of protein ingestion during or after exercise is not clear. This has largely been attributed to the utilization of different scientific protocols and the neglection of accounting for factors such as differences in physical and chemical properties of protein supplements and differences in athletic performance level.

Methods

We hypothesized that ingestion of unprocessed whey protein (15.3 g·h^-1) together with carbohydrate (60 g·h^-1), would provide no ergogenic effect on 5-min mean-power performance following 120 min cycling at 50% of maximal aerobic power (2.8 ± 0.2 W·kg^-1, corresponding to 60 ± 4% of VO_2max), compared to CHO alone (60 g·h^-1). Conversely, we hypothesized that ingestion of the hydrolyzed marine protein supplement NutriPeptin? (Np, 2.7 g·h^-1), a processed protein supplement with potentially beneficial amino acid composition, together with a PROCHO beverage (12.4 g·h^-1 and 60 g·h^-1, respectively) would provide an ergogenic effect on mean-power performance. We also hypothesized that the magnitude of the ergogenic effect of NpPROCHO would be dependent on athletic performance. As for the latter analysis, performance level was defined according to a performance factor, calculated from individual pre values of W_max, VO_2max and 5-min mean-power performance, wherein the performance of each subject was ranked relative to the superior cyclist whos performance was set to one. Twelve trained male cyclists (VO_2max = 65 ± 4 ml·kg^-1·min^-1) participated in a randomized double-blinded cross-over study.

Results and conclusions

Overall, no differences were found in 5-min mean-power performance between either of the beverages (CHO 5.4 ± 0.5 W·kg^-1; PROCHO 5.3 ± 0.5 W·kg^-1; NpPROCHO 5.4 ± 0.3 W·kg^-1) (P = 0.29). A negative correlation was found between NpPROCHO mean-power performance and athletic performance level (using CHO-performance as reference; Pearson R = -0.74, P = 0.006). Moreover, ingestion of NpPROCHO resulted in improved 5-min mean-power performance relative to ingestion of CHO in the six lesser performing subjects compared to the six superior performing subjects (P < 0.05). This suggests that with the current protocol, NpPROCHO provided an ergogenic effect on 5-min mean-power performance in athletes with a lower performance level.     

丙酮酸分批发酵的供氧控制模式

以一株光滑球拟酵母的多重维生素营养缺陷型为研究菌株,考察了分批发酵中不同体积传氧系数(KL_a)对其产丙酮酸性能的影响.高KL_a(450 h^-1)下,丙酮酸产率较高(0.797 g·g^-1),但葡萄糖消耗速度较慢(1.14 g·L^-1·h^-1);低KL_a(200 h^-1)下,葡萄糖消耗速度快(1.97 g·L^-1·h^-1),然而丙酮酸产率(0.483 g·g^-1)却明显下降.根据发酵过程主要参数和碳流分配的变化特性提出了发酵前16h控制KL_a为450h^-1、16h后控制KL_a为200 h^-1的分阶段供氧控制模式,结果实现了高产量(69.4 g·L^-1)、高产率(0.636 g·g^-1)和高葡萄糖消耗速度(1.95g·L^-1·h^-1)的相对统一,丙酮酸生产强度(1.24g·L^-1·h^-1)比控制KL_a恒定为450、300和200h^-1的过程分别提高了36％、23％和31％.实验数据表明,供氧良好状态下细胞产丙酮酸性能出现的差异可能是由维生素处于亚适量水平时酵解产生的NADH去路不同,导致细胞处于不同的能量水平而引起的.     

Morpholine Biodegradation in a Bioreactor

The degradation of morpholine, often reported as a recalcitrant compound, by a mixed culture consisting of nine bacteria and two yeasts in a bioreactor is described. The fermentation process was first carried out in discontinuous culture using different initial morpholine concentrations. The time variation of biomass and morpholine concentrations were used to determine the parameters characterizing the specific growth rate which is based on Monod's model modified to take into account the inhibition due to the substrate. In discontinuous cultures, the biomass concentration reached a maximum of 4·5 g dm^-3 with an initial morpholine concentration of 7 g dm^-3. When switching to continuous culture, the biomass reached 8·8 g dm^-3 with a dilution rate varying from 0·024 h^-1 to 0·052 h^-1 while reducing morpholine concentration to zero within 300 h. A numerical simulation was set up by integrating with time the mass balance equations for morpholine and biomass in the presence of a constant cell death rate. The results of the simulation were in close agreement with the observed data. The model was then extended to a membrane bioreactor. Experiments were first run with partial recycling (bleeding rate of 0·011 h^-1). The biomass concentration reached 27 g dm^-3 after 200 h while the morpholine concentration stabilized itself at 0·2 g dm^-3. With total recycling, the biomass reached 32 g dm^-3, when it became limited by the oxygen transfer of the apparatus. Here again the model was in good agreement with the observations except when the dilution rate was changed suddenly. This study indicates that data obtained in discontinuous batch mode can serve to predict the biomass and morpholine concentration variation in continuous mode in a membrane reactor and to determine the correct parameters for steady state operation.     

Reactors for ethanol production using immobilised yeast cells

Ethanol production by immobilised yeast cells in packed-bed column reactors was significantly affected by the hold-up of CO₂ produced during the fermentation. Compartmentalisation of the reactor minimises CO₂ hold-up and prevents flotation of immobilised cell beads during operation and bead rupture during shut-down conditions. In a reactor of dimensions 2·2 × 60 cm, a rate of ethanol production of 5·11 g h^?1 at a dilution rate of 1·27 h^?1 was achieved, when 18% (w/v) glucose solution was fed at the bottom at pH 5·5 and temperature 33–35°C. In larger reactors of sizes 4 ×; 40 cm and 8 × 80 cm the rates of ethanol production and CO₂ hold-ups were 5·11 and 5·37 g h^?1 and 48·66% and 40·66% and 40·79% of the void volume at dilution rates of 1·27 h^?1 and 1·67 h¹, respectively. The CO₂ hold-ups in column reactors (4 × 40 cm) held in inclined (43° from horizontal) or horizontal positions were 41·33% and 46·67% of the void volume, respectively. Double and triple series reactors (each of dimensions 2·2 × 60 cm) showed better performance than a single verticle reactor (2·2 × 60 cm).     

Continuous ethanol production from carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a packed-bed reactor

The continuous production of ethanol from carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a packed-bed reactor has been investigated. At a substrate concentration of 150 g dm^?3, maximum ethanol productivity of 16 g dm^?3 h^?1 was obtained at D = 0·4 h^?1 with 62·3% of theoretical yield and 83·6% sugars′ utilization. At a dilution rate of 0·1 h^?1, optimal ethanol productivity was achieved in the pH range 3·5–5·5, temperature range 30–35·C and initial sugar concentration of 200 g dm^?3. Maximum ethanol productivity of 24·5 g dm^?3 h^?1 was obtained at D = 0·5 h^?1 with 58·8% of theoretical yield and 85% sugars′ utilization when non-sterilized carob pod extract containing 200 g dm^?3 total sugars was used as feed material. The bioreactor system was operated at a constant dilution rate of 0·5 h^?1 for 30 days without loss of the original immobilized yeast activity. In this case, the average ethanol productivity, ethanol yield (% of theoretical) and sugars′ utilization were 25 g dm^?3 h^?1, 58·8% and 85·5%, respectively.     

Continuous Toluene Vapor Remediation in a Well‐Mixed Bioreactor

Mass transfer and bioremediation of toluene from a contaminated air stream has been investigated using a continuous flow, stirred tank bioreactor. The toluene mass transfer coefficients varied from 3.1 to 3.8 h⁻¹ as the agitation speed increased from 300 to 600 rpm. Using a pure culture, toluene could not be continuously bioremediated as a sole substrate. When ethanol was used as a cosubstrate, toluene was continuously captured and bioremediated at rates up to 90 mg/L·h with removal efficiencies up to 90%, while ethanol was simultaneously degraded at rates up to 250 mg/L·h. Using benzyl alcohol as the cosubstrate, toluene removal efficiencies were above 97% at continuous loading rates of 90 mg/L·h and benzyl alcohol loading rates up to 300 mg/L·h.