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Hepatitis B vaccination safety 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that adult hepatitis B vaccination may be associated with adverse reactions. OBJECTIVE: To further examine the relative risk, percentage association, and statistical significance of arthritic, immunologic, and gastrointestinal adverse reactions reported after adult hepatitis B vaccination compared with control vaccines. DESIGN: The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database was analyzed for the incidence of adverse reactions after adult hepatitis B immunization compared with the incidence of adverse reactions reported to VAERS about vaccine control groups. SETTING: The medical and scientific communities have generally accepted that hepatitis B vaccine, a highly purified, genetically engineered single-antigen vaccine, is a safe vaccine. METHODS: The VAERS database was analyzed from 1997 to 2000 for adverse reactions associated with adult hepatitis B vaccination and from 1991 to 2000 for adverse reactions reported about vaccine control groups. RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of adverse reactions reported after adult hepatitis B vaccination when compared with the incidence of adverse reactions reported to VAERS about control vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: Patients and physicians need to be fully informed of the potential adverse reactions associated with hepatitis B vaccination so that together they can make an informed consent decision about the risk versus the benefit. Patients who may have had an associated adverse reaction to hepatitis B vaccine should be made aware that they may be eligible for compensation from the no-fault Vaccine Compensation Act, administered by the US Court of Claims. 相似文献
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The seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in emergency physicians has been shown to be approximately 13%, roughly three times the prevalence in the general population. Frequent contact with blood and body secretions of potentially infectious patients undoubtedly is a major factor in the increased seroprevalence and risk of hepatitis B. The potential sequelae of HBV infection include chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and development of the chronic carrier state, any of which may have a devastating impact on the personal health and professional career of the emergency physician. A vaccine against hepatitis B has been available since 1982 and has been found to be effective in approximately 90% of vaccinees. The vaccine is generally well tolerated; the most common side effects are reactions at the injection site, although systemic side effects may occur. The risk of serious illness due to the vaccine is very low. Using a risk/benefit analysis to assess the risks of hepatitis B and the risks and benefits of HBV vaccination, it is clear that HBV vaccination should be accepted by the emergency physician to minimize the risk of contracting hepatitis B. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in recently vaccinated adults has not previously been reported. Transient detectable HBsAg has been observed in newborn infants immunized with a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Over a 1- year period, eight HBsAg-positive blood donors mentioned during donor notification that they had been vaccinated for hepatitis B virus 1 to 3 days before donation. Follow-up tests for HBsAg, antibodies to HBsAg, and antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen were performed 3 to 37 weeks after immunization. Four months later, a group of 19 donors who were coworkers received hepatitis B vaccination and then donated blood the next day. The coworkers were observed for duration of antigenemia. RESULTS: A total of nine cases of transient, confirmed (neutralizable) antigenemia occurred in healthy individuals who donated blood 1 to 3 days following vaccination with a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Follow-up testing showed no evidence of infection by hepatitis B virus. One (5.3%) of 19 blood donors vaccinated as a group had antigenemia at Day 1 but not on Days 2 and 3 following immunization. CONCLUSION: Individuals recently vaccinated for hepatitis B may test positive for HBsAg and become permanently disqualified as blood donors. Therefore, blood collection centers should consider temporary deferral of potential donors who recently received hepatitis B vaccine. 相似文献
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S Sklavounou-Tsouroutsoglou D Catriu-Nikolakaki F Athanassiadou-Piperopoulou J Ntoutsos J Mavromichalis D Sofianou J Papapanayotou 《Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy》1989,43(7):527-530
Sera from 101 children with thalassemia, aged between 6 months to 15 years, were examined for detection of HBV infection. Of these 101 children, 18 negative for all HBV markers were vaccinated against HB with "Hevac B" vaccine from the Pasteur Institute. Our results show that 3 inocculations at one-month intervals have induced an excellent antibody (anti-HBs) response in all vaccinated children, affording full protection against HBV infection. There were no noticeable local or general reactions to "Hevac B" vaccine. Our results, in accordance with other reports, have revealed that hepatitis B vaccine is highly immunogenic for children with thalassemia and is particularly well tolerated. 相似文献
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J Heyworth 《Emergency medicine journal : EMJ》1988,5(2):59-68
Hepatitis B vaccination is not widespread amongst staff in accident and emergency departments in the United Kingdom. The results of a survey of departments training senior registrars reveal that unfounded fears concerning the safety of the vaccine are responsible for the low uptake. The need for vaccination, cost, medicolegal aspects and future developments are discussed. 相似文献
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C McKenzie 《AAOHN journal》1992,40(11):517-520
The purpose of this survey was to determine methods to improve compliance and knowledge related to Hepatitis B vaccination. A self administered questionnaire was distributed to employees of a large metropolitan hospital. The survey asked for information about the health care workers' acceptance of Hepatitis B vaccination and knowledge of appropriate follow up after a significant blood exposure occurs. According to the results, 45% of employees at risk for contracting HBV have not received the vaccination. Findings related to the methods of follow up used by employees after a blood exposure indicate a lack of knowledge about HBV. The results of this survey support the need for further education about the risk of occupationally acquired HBV. 相似文献
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《The American journal of emergency medicine》2020,38(2):296-299
BackgroundThere is limited data regarding the use of emergency departments (EDs) for infectious disease screening and vaccination in resource-limited regions. In these settings, EDs are often the only contact that patients have with the healthcare system, turning an ED visit into an opportune time to deliver preventative health services.MethodsIn this pilot study, patients that met inclusion criteria were prospectively tested for hepatitis B surface antigen test (HBsAg). Previously unvaccinated patients who tested negative for HBsAg were offered HBV vaccination. The study setting was a public infectious disease hospital in Cordoba, Argentina. The primary outcomes were new HBV diagnoses, as well as vaccination completion between screening modalities (Point-of-Care-Testing-POCT vs. laboratory testing) and same vs. different day vaccination.ResultsWe screened 100 patients for HBV (75 POCT & 25 laboratory). The median age of participants was 35 years (IQR 24-52) and 55% were male. No patients tested positive for HBsAg. All patients who completed first dose vaccination were initially screened with the POCT. No patients screened with laboratory testing returned for vaccination. Patients who were scheduled for vaccination the same day were more likely to complete vaccination compared to those scheduled for another day (75% vs. 14%, p < .001).ConclusionOur study supports the use of HBV POCTs in the ED in conjunction with vaccination of HBV-negative individuals. In regions with low HBV endemicity, direct vaccination without HBsAg testing may be more cost effective. We believe that this acute-care screening model is applicable to other resource-limited settings. 相似文献
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To assess the current uptake of hepatitis B vaccine and attitudes towards immunization among accident and emergency practitioners in the UK, a postal survey was carried out. Questionnaires were sent to 742 members of the British Association for Accident and Emergency Medicine (BAEM). Four hundred and six (55%) replies were received. Of 351 respondents in career-grade posts 309 (88%) had received a full course of immunizations. Five respondents were not immunized and not intending to be so, reporting 13 different factors influencing their decisions. The risks of hepatitis B in nonimmune subjects are discussed, as are new government guidelines on the protection of health care workers from hepatitis B infection. 相似文献
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Kashiwagi S 《Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine》2003,61(Z2):236-240
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Hepatitis B 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Hepatitis B causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. More than 400 million persons, including 1.25 million Americans, have chronic hepatitis B. In the United States, chronic hepatitis B virus infection is responsible for about 5,000 annual deaths from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus is found in body fluids and secretions; in developed countries, the virus is most commonly transmitted sexually or via intravenous drug use. Occupational exposure and perinatal transmission do occur but are rare in the United States. Effective vaccines for hepatitis B virus have been available since 1982; infant and childhood vaccination programs introduced in the 1990s have resulted in a marked decrease in new infections. Risk factors for progression to chronic infection include age at the time of infection and impaired immunity. From 15 to 30 percent of patients with acute hepatitis B infection progress to chronic infection. Medical therapies for chronic hepatitis B include interferon alfa-2b, lamivudine, and the nucleotide analog adefovir dipivoxil. 相似文献
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