富阳市欢坞岭垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程设计

浙江省富阳市欢坞岭垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程设计采用外置式膜生化反应器(MBR)+反渗透(RO)工艺,处理规模为100 m3/d;采用催化氧化+混凝沉淀工艺处理反渗透膜浓缩液,处理规模为25 m3/d。运行结果表明,该工艺对水质变化适应能力强,两种出水混合后水质满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)中一般地区对渗滤液出水排放要求。     

垃圾中转站渗滤液处理厂工程设计

与填埋场垃圾渗滤液相比,垃圾中转站压缩出的渗滤液有机物含量高,BOD5/COD超过0.4,生物降解性较好,同时,其污染物成分相对复杂,水质水量随时间波动大。某渗滤液处理厂位于西北某城市,处理规模200 t/d,采用“中温厌氧消化+强化膜生物反应器系统（两级A/O+MBR）+纳滤+卷式反渗透”处理工艺,出水水质执行《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》（GB 16889—2008）中表2要求。浓缩液采用“预处理+高压反渗透+浸没燃烧蒸发”工艺处理。实际运行表明,出水水质达到设计标准,实现了渗滤液全量化处理。     

MBR+NF/RO工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

采用MBR+NF/RO工艺处理某垃圾填埋场渗滤液,处理规模为120 m3/d,运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,出水水质满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)中一般地区对渗滤液出水排放要求。     

福州市红庙岭垃圾综合处理场渗滤液处理厂工程设计

福州市红庙岭垃圾综合处理场渗滤液处理厂设计处理规模为1 500 m3/d,是目前按照《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)建成的国内处理规模最大和工艺最齐全的渗滤液处理厂之一,目前已稳定运行两年多,出水水质达标。该工程以水质均衡池为预处理工艺,以两级生物脱氮+超滤(UF)的膜生化反应器(MBR)为生化主体处理工艺,以纳滤(NF)/反渗透(RO)为深度处理工艺;NF浓缩液采用混凝气浮+臭氧氧化工艺处理,RO浓缩液采用蒸发工艺处理。     

MBR/RO工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

采用外置式膜生物反应器(MBR)/反渗透(RO)工艺对成都长安垃圾填埋场的渗滤液进行处理,设计处理规模为1300m3/d,出水水质满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889—2008)中一般地区对渗滤液出水水质的要求。     

江村沟垃圾渗滤液处理厂改扩建工程设计

针对江村沟垃圾渗滤液处理厂的原有问题,进行了改扩建工程设计。工程确定采用UASB(厌氧)+MBR(膜生化处理)+DTNF(碟管式纳滤)/DTRO(碟管式反渗透)工艺,最终出水水质达到了《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)的要求。     

MBR/NF工艺处理垃圾渗滤液工程设计与运行

采用MBR/NF工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,运行结果表明该工艺设计合理,保证了渗滤液出水水质达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)。介绍了渗滤液处理站的主要工艺设计参数、实际运行情况、运行成本等,可供参考。     

城市生活垃圾综合处理厂渗滤液全量化处理工程设计

针对北方某城市生活垃圾综合处理厂渗滤液的水质特点,采用中温厌氧—MBR(含一级A/O硝化反硝化)—碟管式反渗透(DTRO)工艺进行处理,DTRO浓缩液采用碟管式纳滤(DTNF)+高压级碟管式反渗透(HPRO)+机械式蒸汽再压缩(MVR)工艺进行处理,实现渗滤液的全量化处理。该工程设计处理规模为150 m~3/d,介绍了该工程的工艺流程、处理系统的组成及主要工艺单元设计参数。工程运行结果表明,该工艺运行稳定、处理效果好,出水水质达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T 18920—2002)中城市绿化和车辆冲洗标准和《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》(GB/T 19923—2005)中锅炉补给水和工艺与产品用水标准要求。     

老龄化垃圾填埋场渗滤液全量化处理工程实例

老龄化填埋场渗滤液氨氮浓度高、可生化性差、C/N比失调，以某老龄化垃圾填埋场渗滤液和垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液协同处理工程为例，详述两种渗滤液全量化处理系统。填埋场渗滤液设计规模1 500 m³/d，焚烧厂渗滤液设计规模500 m³/d，采用“厌氧系统+两级A/O+外置式超滤+纳滤+反渗透”处理工艺，纳滤浓缩液采用“物料膜减量化+臭氧氧化”处理工艺，反渗透浓缩液采用“DTRO减量化+浸没燃烧蒸发”处理工艺。工程投资一类费3.6亿元，运行成本101.20元/m³。项目建成运行至今，出水稳定达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)表2标准。通过两种渗滤液的协同处理，可减少碳源投加量，节省运行成本，同时实现渗滤液全量化处理，浓缩液不外排。     

蒸发法处理膜滤浓缩液工程性试验运行成本分析

以厦门东部填埋场渗滤液处理站膜滤浓缩液为处理对象,采用24 t/d的蒸发试验装置,开展渗滤液浓缩液的中试研究。通过定时记录设备进出水水量、水质和电耗,考察蒸发处理渗滤液浓缩液的出水水质、运行周期和运行成本。研究结果表明MVR蒸发技术能够保证渗滤液浓缩液的零排放,渗滤液浓缩液的蒸馏出水水质稳定、良好,MVR蒸发系统具有良好的除垢措施,运行稳定、周期长。本实验在保证蒸发水量和出水水质符合排放标准基础上,从能耗、药剂、人工费等方面分析MVR设备的运行成本。     

Formation of disinfection by-products in indoor swimming pool water: the contribution from filling water natural organic matter and swimmer body fluids

The contribution and role of different precursors in the formation of three class of disinfection by-products (DBPs) [trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and halonitromethanes (HNMs)] in swimming pool waters were examined using filling waters obtained from five drinking water treatment plant (WTP) effluents and three body fluid analogs (BFAs). BFAs exerted higher chlorine demands as compared to natural organic matter (NOM) in filling waters. BFAs exhibited higher HAA formation potentials than THM formation potentials, while the opposite was observed for the filling water NOM. There was no appreciable difference in the HNM formation potentials of BFAs and filling water NOM. Different components in the BFAs tested exhibited different degree and type of DBP formation. Citric acid had significantly higher THM and HAA yields than other BFA components. The effect of temperature was greater on THM formation, whereas the effect of contact time had more impact on HAA formation. Experiments with filling waters collected from WTP effluents at three different times showed more variability in HAA than THM formation at the WTPs studied.     

Rate constants of reactions of ozone with organic and inorganic compounds in water—III. Inorganic compounds and radicals

Second-order rate constants for reactions of ozone with 40 inorganic aqueous solutes are reported. Included are compounds of sulfur (e.g. H₂S, H₂SO₃, HOCH₂SO₃H), chlorine (e.g. Cl⁻, HOCl, NH₂Cl, HClO₂, ClO₂), bromine (e.g. Br⁻, HOBr), nitrogen (e.g. NH₃, NH₂OH, N₂O, HNO₂) and oxygen (e.g. H₂O₂), as well as free radicals (e.g. O₂⁻, OH^•). Most of these compounds exhibit an increase in rate constant with increasing pH corresponding to their degree of dissociation. Rate constants are based on ozone consumption rates measured by conventional batch-type or continuous-flow methods (10⁻³-10⁺⁶ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ range) and determinations of stoichiometric factors. Also listed are data determined by pulse-irradiation techniques using kinetic spectroscopy (10¹⁰ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ range). Additional literature data are reviewed for completeness. Results are discussed with respect to water treatment and environmental processes.     

建筑西向房间夏季室内热环境改善

以国内某大学综合实验大楼为例,实测了其中一间西向房间的室内外空气温度与壁面温度,分析了其夏季室内热环境。为了在经济合理地使用能源的情况下,满足它对夏季冷量与冬季热量的需求,根据实测的数据,利用建筑热平衡原理,对其夏季室内热环境特性进行了分析,指出了其热工设计缺陷,并对其进行了热舒适性的改造。通过软件模拟出改造后房间室内空气温度值,对比改造前后室内空气温度值,结果显示改造后的温度值明显降低,热舒适性得到了改善。     

Behavior of alkylphenol polyethoxylate metabolites during soil aquifer treatment

The attenuation of alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs) metabolites was studied at a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) site located in Arizona, USA. Two parcels of water were monitored during infiltration; one parcel was predominantly oxic while the other was predominantly anoxic. In this study, only alkylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (APECs) and carboxyalkylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (CAPECs) were detected, no short-chained APEOs were observed-even under anoxic conditions. APEO metabolites were rapidly (<7 days) removed under both aerobic and anoxic conditions. In general, the length of the ethoxycarboxylate chain decreases with depth--at depths greater than 3m, only alkylphenoxy acetic acids (AP1ECs), carboxyalkylphenoxy acetic acids (CAP1ECs), and alkylphenols (APs) remain. Under aerobic conditions, octylphenol and nonylphenol concentrations decreased by approximately 80% (w/w) within 3m of the ground surface. Under anoxic conditions however, alkylphenol concentrations increased by approximately 200% during the first 1.5m and then decreased during the next 1.5m; overall, under anoxic conditions, alkylphenol concentrations increased by approximately 38% within 3m. During infiltration, APEC and CAPEC concentrations decrease by more than 95% within 3m of SAT. Alternate flooding and drying cycles appear to enhance overall APEO metabolite removal efficiencies.     

Removal of VUV pre-treated natural organic matter by biologically activated carbon columns

A potential alternative water treatment process using VUV (185 nm+254 nm) irradiation followed by a biological treatment is described. The system uses sufficient VUV radiation (16J cm(-2)) to significantly enhance the production of biologically degradable moieties prior to treatment with biologically activated carbon (BAC). Two similar activated carbons were used, one virgin and one taken from a water treatment plant with an established biofilm. The VUV-BAC process decreased the overall dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of a natural water sample by 54% and 44% for the virgin carbon and previously used BAC, respectively. Furthermore, VUV-BAC treatment decreased the trihalomethane (THM) formation potential (THMFP) by 60-70% and the haloacetic acid (HAA) formation potential (HAAFP) by 74%. The BAC systems effectively removed the hydrogen peroxide residual produced by VUV irradiation. Although nitrite formation can result from VUV treatment of natural organic matter (NOM), none was detected before or after BAC treatment.     

750kV GIS中金属氧化物避雷器对VFTO影响的研究

随着超高压气体绝缘变电站(GIS)的广泛使用,由隔离开关(DS)和断路器(CB)操作引起的快速暂态过电压(VFTO)的危害越加明显。以西北地区750 kV官亭GIS变电站为计算原型,利用电磁暂态程序(EMTP)对不同运行方式下GIS设备上的VFTO进行数值仿真计算和分析。重点在于对不同运行方式下金属氧化物避雷器(MOA)的限制过电压效果进行分析。计算结果表明:DS无分合闸电阻时,MOA防护效果更明显;MOA主要的抑制效果体现在MOA附近的设备上,对于远离MOA的设备上的VFTO的抑制效果较小;由于VFTO持续的时间极短,通过MOA的能量很小。     

小剪跨比钢筋混凝土实腹支托的受力性能及非线性全过程分析

本文用非线性全过程分析和足尺试件的破损试验的方法对工业建筑结构中常用的小剪跨比钢筋混凝土支托进行力学性能的讨论。文章提出了小剪跨比支托不同于一般支托的力学特性和破坏机理,认为“剪摩理论”对于小剪跨比支托的适用性是存在的。     

Understanding soluble microbial products (SMP) as a component of effluent organic matter (EfOM)

Formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) during biological degradation of organic compounds in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography--size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) as well as other organic matter characterization tools. Results showed that carbon compounds in a glucose feed solution were totally transformed to other organic products classified biomass-associated products (BAP). The SMP-BAP contained in the SBR effluent consisted mainly of high-molecular weight (MW) fractions of organic matter, possibly originating from cell lysis. These compounds exhibited a low specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) and a hydrophilic character. In addition, the characteristics of bulk effluent organic matters (EfOM) samples from wastewater treatment facilities were studied. It was observed that EfOM consisted of humic-like and hydrophobic (HPO) compounds, derived from the corresponding drinking water source, in addition to SMP-BAP. A superimposition of SEC chromatograms of the SMP-BAP and humic-like compounds represented a fingerprint of EfOM.     

沥青混合料动态蠕变模量与动稳定度的关系

研究了分别基于AC13和AC25优化出的9组级配、SBS改性中海70#沥青和中海70#沥青两种结合料、花岗岩和石灰岩两种集料以及50,70 mm两种车辙试件厚度等条件下的沥青混合料动稳定度(DS)与车辙模量(E_(DS)),E_(DS)与动态蠕变劲度模量(S_(dy)),S_(dy)与DS这三者的关系.结果表明,不同沥青混合料的S_(dy)与采用厚度匹配的车辙试件DS之间存在良好的相关性.因此可以将DS转换为S_(dy),并用其作为沥青路面结构设计的参数.     

膨润土对重金属离子Pb~(2+),Zn~(2+),Cr(VI),Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

试验研究了pH值、吸附时间和吸附剂用量对膨润土吸附重金属离子Pb2 ,Zn2 ,Cr(VI)和Cd2 的影响.结果表明,在本试验的pH值、吸附时间及吸附剂用量条件下,膨润土对Pb2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 的吸附效果均优于其对Cr(VI)的吸附效果;pH值是影响上述吸附的重要因素,离子交换和表面络合是上述吸附的主要形式.