热网管道热损失现场测试方法探讨

热网管道热损失现场测试方法探讨程宗颐扬子石油化工公司节能办公室一、引言实验室内园管稳态热流，热损失测试方法比较成熟，但热网管道现场热损失测试时，遇到的往往是非稳态情况，增加了测试的难度。笔者谨以多年从事保温节能与现场热损失测试的实践，以现场实测与室内...     

相变材料相变点温度热物性的测试及误差分析

固-液相变过程中移动的相界面曲线与两相热物性如比热、密度、导热系数以及相变潜热是密切相关的。本文提出通过测定相界面的移动速率来确定相变材料固-液相变温度点导热系数等多个热物性参数的方法,并设计了相应的测试装置。对测试系统的测量误差进行了定量分析,发现采用数值计算与实验相结合的方法测试的系统误差不超过3％。利用研制的测试系统对几种材料的导热系数和热扩散系数进行了测定,得到了满意的结果,表明本文所提出的测试方法是可信的。     

输热管道热损现场测试四种方法对比研究

一、引言在许多工业领域广泛应用的蒸汽或物料等输热管道的热损值，不仅是综合反映输热管道热设计、保温材料、施工工艺等总体水平的关键参数，而且是评估待改造管道或新建管道保温节能状况的主要依据。管道热损值还对由蒸汽加热的化工反应装置的工艺温度，从而对反应物的得率产生重大影响。因此，对输热管道热损进行现场测试方法的工程研究，具有十分明显的工程价值，本文是作者在北京燕山石化总公司和上海石化总公司开展输热管道热损现场测试方法研究结果的一篇总结。二、现场测试热损方法的基本原理至今，在国内外已应用并经我们试验验证…     

基于AHP探针法的土壤源热泵现场热响应试验研究

由于探针法和现场热响应试验法为测试岩土热物性参数的常用方法,因此文章基于邢台地区某土壤源热泵工程,将室内探针法和现场热响应试验法确定的热物性参数进行对比分析。首先,根据探针法和现场热响应试验法测试结果的差异,选取地层厚度、含水率、密度及渗透率作为影响土壤样品热物性参数的主要因素,并利用层次分析法来确定各影响因素的权重值;接着,利用各因素的权重值来修正探针法的测试结果;然后,将探针法和现场热响应试验所确定的岩土热物性参数进行比较,得出两个测量结果的相对误差小于10%;最后,对于土壤源热泵项目,文章利用修正后的探针法对现场热响应试验结果进行验证。     

基于圆柱热源模型的现场测量地下岩土热物性方法

在埋地换热器圆柱热源模型的基础上采用参数估计法建立了一套可用于现场确定土壤热物性的方法。结合地源热泵系统单井热响应测试实验,计算了地下岩土热物性参数,模拟了管内流体平均温度随时间变化规律,与实验值比较,发现该方法较线热源法更加接近实际。     

地层热物性原位测试技术在高速公路服务区的应用

利用地层热物性原位测试技术测得的地层热物性参数的精度要高于土壤类别辨识法或瞬态测量的探针法,更适于地源热泵系统埋管换热器的长度的设计。结合大广高速公路双辽服务区的地层热物性参数的测试情况对地层热物性原位测试的过程及施工注意事项进行简介。     

地源热泵地埋管岩土热响应测试方法与应用

地源热泵地埋管热响应测试是研究土壤热物性参数及地埋管换热器性能最有效的方法之一。文中结合南京某办公楼一个地源热泵测试工程实例,探讨了地源热泵热响应测试的测试步骤、测试方法和数据处理。通过对地埋管进出口水温、流量和加热功率的实时采集,分析研究了土壤的热物性以及地埋管热响应的放热和取热量。     

地源热泵岩土热响应测试方法及数据分析

土壤导热系数的大小直接对土壤源热泵系统中埋地换热器的面积和初投资有显著影响.现场测试法是研究土壤热物性参数最有效的方法之一,结合邢台市沙河收费站地源热泵测试工程实例,介绍了地源热泵热响应测试的测试步骤、测试方法和数据分析.实测结果与传统查手册的结果相比更为准确可靠,为当地地源热泵系统的准确设计提供了依据.     

建筑材料多孔介质热物性参数测试实验研究

建立一种操作简单、易推广的实验方法,测试建筑材料多孔介质的导热系数、孔隙率、定压比热以及密度等基础热物性参数。通过实验测试建筑材料混凝土的干燥密度、干燥定压比热容、干燥导热系数及孔隙率等参数值,验证此实验测试方法的可行性,为推动建筑材料多孔介质热湿迁移物性基础数据的进一步完善提供收集依据。     

不同气候区岩土热物性测试分析

获得准确的岩土热物性是进行地源热泵系统设计的前提,不同的建筑热工气候区岩土热物性不尽相同。依据多年来进行的全国各地区岩土热物性测试,选取严寒地区、寒冷地区、夏热冬冷地区典型城市的测试数据进行对比,阐述测试原理和各地岩土热物性的特点,分析测试结果,得出相关结论,对地源热泵的发展具有一定的指导意义。     

基于线热源模型的地下岩土热物性测试方法

提出了一种用于竖直埋管与周围岩土的传热分析模型。该方法回避了其它模型对钻孔中埋管的具体位置、上升管和下降管之间的距离以及埋管和回填材料的物性等参数的要求,从而可以消除上述参数测量带来的误差。在现场钻孔,埋设U型埋管,通过测量施加的加热功率、埋管中循环水流量、埋管出入口水温随时间变化,利用该模型并结合最优化估计方法,确定了某地源热泵空调系统工地地下岩土的热物性参数,检验证实了该方法的实用性和可靠性。     

An in situ thermal response test for borehole heat exchangers of the ground-coupled heat pump system

Thermal response tests (TRTs) are crucial for the estimation of the ground thermal properties and thermal performance of the borehole heat exchanger (BHE) of the ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) system. In this article, a TRT apparatus was designed and built to measure the temperature response of inlet and outlet sections of BHE in the test borehole, the apparatus can effectively operate under both constant heating flux modes and heat injection and extraction modes with a constant inlet temperature. A TRT for a project of GCHP located in the Jiangsu province of China was carried out by the experimental apparatus. Based on the experimental data, the heat transfer performances of BHE under heating and cooling modes were evaluated, and the ground thermal properties, which include the ground thermal conductivity, ground volumetric specific heat, borehole thermal resistance and effective soil thermal resistance, were determined by the line source model. The results indicate that the experimental device and analysis model proposed in this article can be effectively applied to estimate the ground thermal properties and thermal performance of BHE. During the process of thermal response of ground, the fluid temperatures vary acutely at the start-stage of 8 h, and then tend to be a steady state after 40 h. The test data during the start-stage should be discarded for improving the estimation accuracy of ground thermal properties. At the same time, the effective soil thermal resistance increases continuously with time and a steady-state value would be reached after the start-time, and this steady-state thermal resistance can be used to evaluate the required length of BHE. In addition, the heat transfer rate of the BHE under different operating conditions can be used for the further evaluation on long-term operation performance of GCHPs.     

Test and evaluation on safety of power batteries

动力电池能量密度的提升对于其安全性的测试评价技术提出了更高的要求。本文针对目前动力电池安全性的测试标准体系和评价方法等进行了总结和分析。具体的,在电池单体层面,分析了本征安全性（热稳定性）的表征方法以及触发安全性的测试标准体系现状及发展趋势等,在电池系统层面,重点探讨了电池系统安全性测试的标准体系以及热扩散的测试评价方法,希望能够为建立更加科学的定量测试与评价方法提供借鉴和参考。     

陕西渭南地区岩土热响应测试与分析

地层热物性参数的确定对浅层地热能地源热泵系统的设计至关重要。依托陕西渭南某地源热泵项目,应用恒流法进行了岩土热响应测试,测试共进行了58 h,根据线热源理论对测试数据进行分析计算,求得准确的地层热物性参数,得到工区地层导热系数为2.16 W/(m∙K),比热容为2.39 MJ/(m³∙K),单U地埋管每延米换热量45 W。该研究结果可为项目后期设计与施工提供了相关参考和依据。     

Experimental performance of borehole heat exchangers and grouting materials for ground source heat pumps

The system performance of a ground source heat pump (HP) system is determined by the HP characteristics itself and by the thermal interaction between the ground and its borehole heat exchanger (BHE). BHE performance is strongly influenced by the thermal properties of the ground formation, grouting material, and BHE type. Experimental investigations on different BHE types and grouting materials were carried out in Belgium. Its performances were investigated with in situ thermal response tests to determine the thermal conductivity (λ) and borehole resistance (R_b). The line‐source method was used to analyze the results, and the tests showed the viability of the method. The main goal was to determine the thermal borehole resistance of BHEs, including the effect of the grouting material. The ground thermal conductivity was measured as 2.21 W m^?1 K^?1, a high value for the low fraction of water‐saturated sand and the high clay content at the test field. The borehole resistance for a standard coaxial tube with cement–bentonite grouting varied from 0.344 to 0.162 K W^?1 m for the double U‐tube with cement–bentonite mixture (52% reduction). Grouting material based on purely a cement–bentonite mixture results in a high thermal borehole resistance. Addition of sand to the mixture leads to a better performance. The use of thermally enhanced grouts did not improve the performance significantly in comparison with only a low‐cost grouting material as sand. Potential future applications are possible in our country using a mobile testing device, such as characteristics, standardization, quality control, and certification for drilling companies and ground source HP applications, and in situ research for larger systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

同轴地埋管换热器岩土热响应试验研究

岩土热物理性质是影响地源热泵系统设计和运营的关键因素,对位于武汉市洪山区的2口不同深度的同轴地埋管换热孔分别进行48 h的热响应试验,并对同轴地埋管换热器内外管之间环形空间中的平均流体温度进行测试.根据同轴地埋管换热器的几何特性,以简便实用的方式测量同轴地埋管换热器环状空间传热流体的平均温度,结合同轴地埋管换热器钻孔热...     

Energy,exergy and uncertainty analyses of the thermal response test for a ground heat exchanger

This paper presents energy, exergy and uncertainty analyses for the thermal response test of a ground heat exchanger. In this study, a vertical U‐shaped ground heat exchanger with 80 m depth and 20 cm borehole diameter is installed for the first time at the university premises in Saudi Arabia. A mobile thermal response apparatus is constructed and used to measure the performance of the ground heat exchanger. The thermal response test was carried out four times at different thermal loads from September 2007 to April 2008. The energy and exergy transports of these thermal response tests were analyzed using the experimental results obtained in this period. The analysis provides a better understanding of the overall performance of vertical ground heat exchangers, verifies the thermal response test results and improves the experimental setup. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地源热泵岩土热物性测试简介与分析

地源热泵系统作为利用可再生能源的暖通空调技术,具有节能、环保等优点,在世界范围内被广泛使用。土壤作为地源热泵系统的冷热源,对整个系统有着至关重要的影响。不同建筑负荷特性要求系统对土壤的取放热量不同,二者的不平衡会使土壤的温度发生变化,影响整个系统的运行。对特定建筑地源热泵系统土壤的热物性测试是设计地埋管系统的重要依据。本文对热物性测试的理论依据进行了简单介绍,并对具体事例进行了分析计算,得出岩土体的导热系数等具体热物性参数,为地源热泵系统的精确设计提供了依据。     

Experimental method for synthesis of generalized thermal circuit ofpolyphase induction motors

A new method for determining the equivalent parameters of a generalized thermal model of induction motors (IM) based on the no-load testing of IM is presented. The representation of the full thermal network of IM is reduced to a system of only three simultaneous equations. By solving these equations three equivalent thermal parameters of the generalized thermal model are obtained. The calculation is based on accurate measurements of the temperature rise in stator windings and the power absorbed by the tested motor. The thermal tests are done in the no-load running of IM (one test is like an open-circuit test and the other two are like short-circuit tests). Hence these methods of testing may be carried out without expensive equipment and their power consumption does not exceed the losses, which occur under full load conditions. With the help of this thermal model the final temperature rise at the full load run according to rated losses, can be easily estimated. Three totally enclosed IM were tested by these methods and the difference in the predicted and measured temperature rise of the stator winding was within 2-3°C