Changes of Expresssion of Otoconin 90 in Guinea Pig Inner Ear after Otoconia Damage

目的 观察成熟耳石破坏再生过程中,Otoconin 90 (OC90)蛋白在内耳的分布表达情况,探讨其在成熟耳石破坏后修复再生过程中的意义.方法 采用机械过载作用的方法造成豚鼠耳石破坏模型,免疫组织化学检测耳石破坏后不同时期(0.5～1 h,3d,7 d)内耳切片各主要部位0C90分布表达情况,并测定椭圆囊囊斑的光密度(OD)值,对其表达强度进行半定量分析.结果 OC90蛋白的分布在耳石破坏后没有显著变化,仍呈现“多点”表达的特点,其在椭圆囊和球囊囊斑感觉上皮的表达于破坏后呈现增强趋势,其中耳石破坏3d时的OD值增加显著(P＜0.05).结论OC90蛋白在成熟耳石破坏后修复再生过程中起重要作用.     

Otoconin90在豚鼠耳石破坏后的变化

目的观察成熟耳石破坏再生过程中,Otoconin 90(OC90)蛋白在内耳的分布表达情况,探讨其在成熟耳石破坏后修复再生过程中的意义。方法采用机械过载作用的方法造成豚鼠耳石破坏模型,免疫组织化学检测耳石破坏后不同时期(0.5～1 h,3 d,7 d)内耳切片各主要部位OC90分布表达情况,并测定椭圆囊囊斑的光密度(OD)值,对其表达强度进行半定量分析。结果 OC90蛋白的分布在耳石破坏后没有显著变化,仍呈现"多点"表达的特点,其在椭圆囊和球囊囊斑感觉上皮的表达于破坏后呈现增强趋势,其中耳石破坏3 d时的OD值增加显著(P﹤0.05)。结论 OC90蛋白在成熟耳石破坏后修复再生过程中起重要作用。     

耳石再生机制的实验研究

目的探讨耳石再生的机制。方法模拟飞行中气压的变化刺激豚鼠前庭耳石器,引起耳石的前体——球状物大量生成。其后１天和７天,电镜观察球状物和感觉上皮的变化,并用原位杂交技术观察感觉上皮各种细胞中ｃ－ｆｏｓｍＲＮＡ、ＢＭＰ１ｍＲＮＡ和ＢＭＰ２ｍＲＮＡ的表达情况。结果损伤后１天,电镜可见前庭椭圆囊斑表面布满球状物,支持细胞内充满囊泡,并见到支持细胞正在分泌球状物,ＢＭＰ２基因在囊斑的支持细胞及毛细胞中表达量增加,ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因在支持细胞、移形细胞及基底膜细胞中表达量明显增强。损伤后７天,ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因在囊斑中表达减弱,而ＢＭＰ１和ＢＭＰ２基因在囊斑各种细胞中的表达量均明显增加。结论支持细胞可分泌球状物。在耳石再生过程中,ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ＢＭＰ１和ＢＭＰ２基因在前庭囊斑感觉上皮中的表达量发生变化,提示它们参与了耳石再生。     

超重环境对斑马鱼仔鱼早期发育和耳石形态学与化学组成的影响

目的 本研究以模式动物斑马鱼为研究对象,通过研究超重下鱼体的早期发育和耳石变化,探讨了脊椎动物前庭系统对超重环境的适应机制.方法 斑马鱼受精卵在受精后10 h分别置于1 G和5 G重力环境中,观察鱼体发育状态和耳石的形态;使用Zeiss软件比较1 G和5 G下耳石大小;使用EDAX检测耳石微化学成分含量变化.结果 1)斑马鱼从鱼卵向早期仔鱼发育过程中超重环境影响仔鱼发育,耳石形态在初期显著变大(P<0.01),其后耳石变小;2)EDAX检测表明,耳石中S和Sr含量升高,Na和Ca的含量减少;3)出现矢耳石与微耳石融合的现象.结论 超重环境影响斑马鱼早期发育,耳石的形态与微化学组成发生变化,导致耳石的功能发生变化.     

腮腺创伤修复中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达及意义

目的：观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在腮腺创伤修复中的表达变化。方法：采用宏观、体视学、显微镜图象分析及免疫组织化学方法对大鼠腮腺部分切除术后剩余腺体bFGF的表达变化进行了动态分阶段分析。结果：bFGF在损伤刺激后发生高表达，伤后1d最高，之后逐渐降低，至伤后8w恢复正常。与之相伴随，间质组织在前2W明显增生，以后逐渐减少，腺泡细胞在前2w 大量萎缩凋亡，2w后又再生，8w恢复正常。结论：bFGF是强丝裂原和生血管因子，是参与腮腺创伤修复的重要细胞因子。     

睡眠剥夺对大鼠心肌超微结构损伤效应的研究

 目的 探讨睡眠剥夺(Sleep Deprivation,SD) 对大鼠心肌超微结构的影响.方法 实验大鼠随机分为睡眠剥夺2 d组(SD 2 d)、睡眠剥夺4 d组(SD 4 d)、睡眠剥夺6 d组(SD 6 d)、大平台对照组、正常对照组共5 组,利用"小平台水环境法"(flower pot)建立大鼠睡眠剥夺模型,采用光镜及透射电镜观察睡眠剥夺后心肌形态学改变.结果 睡眠剥夺后心肌细胞核染色质损伤 ,肌浆网、线粒体结构改变,部分心肌纤维溶解、坏死,闰盘结构破坏,心肌细胞脂质过氧化.心肌间质水肿、出血、炎性细胞浸润.结论 睡眠剥夺能够引起大鼠心肌显著的损伤性形态学改变.     

45d-6°头低位卧床对尿Ca和P含量及其昼夜节律的影响

目的研究45 d-6°头低位卧床对尿液中Ca和P元素昼夜节律的影响,探讨卧床实验中骨丢失的可能规律与机制。方法收集卧床实验8名受试者尿样,每个时间段连续收集3 d。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对尿样中的Ca,P和K三种元素的含量进行检测,并对Ca和P等元素的昼夜节律特征进行分析。结果尿Ca总含量在卧床前、中、后3个时间段无显著差异,但Ca元素的日间含量在卧床中的早期和晚期阶段都显著降低,在卧床后又恢复至接近卧床前水平。尿中P元素总含量在卧床中的早期显著升高,随后不断下降,到卧床晚期则显著低于卧床前水平,P元素在日间和夜间的变化趋势差异不大。反映骨质变化的Ca/P参数在卧床中和卧床后也有显著变化。此外,卧床实验也对尿液中Ca和P含量变化的昼夜节律具有影响。结论卧床实验对于尿中Ca和P含量及Ca/P参数产生显著影响,同时也影响了Ca和P含量的节律性,这些变化可能与卧床过程中骨代谢失衡有关。     

Nbn基因对生后小鼠海马颗粒细胞发育的影响

目的 通过观察神经特异性Nbn基因敲除(Nbn-CNS-Del)组和对照(Nbn-CNS-Ctr)组小鼠海马发育的形态学变化,探讨DNA损伤修复基因Nbn在生后小鼠海马颗粒细胞发育过程中的作用.方法 应用光镜连续切片、免疫组织化学技术和体视学方法对生后(postnatal day,P)7、14、21d的Nbn-CNS-Del组和Nbn-CNS-Ctr组小鼠海马颗粒细胞进行系统的形态学观察和定量分析.结果 P7～P21d,Nbu-CNS-Ctr小鼠海马颗粒细胞层颗粒细胞均呈"C"形结构,截面面积逐渐增加,伴有颗粒细胞胞体的逐渐增大;颗粒细胞层内臂细胞的发育在P7d左右出现,P7～P14d变化最明显.Nbn-CNS-Del组PT～P21d海马颗粒细胞层的颗粒细胞的"C"形结构在绝大多数组织标本上都可以观察到,但分布较松散;Nbn-CNS-Del组小鼠海马颗粒细胞层发育比Nbn-CNS-Ctr组明显滞后,各时间段的截面面积均减小(P<0.01),NEUN染色阳性的海马颗粒细胞面数密度值在各时间段均有差异.结论 DNA损伤修复基因Nbn是小鼠海马颗粒细胞发育的一个重要基因,影响小鼠海马颗粒细胞层的发育与成熟.     

大鼠放射性脑损伤模型中Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mg含量的变化及MgSO4的保护作用

目的 观察全脑照射后大鼠脑组织含水量、微血管损伤及海马组织中Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn含量的动态变化,探讨这些元素在放射性脑损伤(RBI)发病机制中的作用。方法 用随机数字表法将大鼠分为空白组、防护组(400 mg/kg体重腹腔注射10%MgSO₄溶液+单次全脑20 Gy电子束照射)和照射组(400 mg/kg体重腹腔注射生理盐水+单次全脑20 Gy电子束照射),每组18只,每个时间点3只。用干-湿重法测定脑组织含水量(BWC),HE染色观察脑组织微血管损伤程度,应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,定量分析大鼠脑放射性损伤后不同时间海马组织中Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn元素含量的动态变化。结果 照射组在照后7、14、30 d与空白组相比,脑含水量升高(t=-3.21、-2.11、2.82,P<0.05),防护组在照后7、14、30 d低于照射组(t=2.84、4.33、1.90,P<0.05)。RBI模型中出现微血管栓塞,防护组较照射组减轻。照射组Ca含量在照后各时间点及Fe含量在照后1、3、7 d与空白组相比含量升高(t=11.41、6.81、14.03、17.17、6.89、9.12和5.43、5.66、3.60,P<0.05),且照射组Ca含量在照后各时间点较防护组增加(t=5.35、5.28、11.02、14.26、5.68、9.10,P<0.05);照射组Cu含量在照后1、7、14、60 d及Zn含量在照后1、7、14、30、60 d低于空白组(t=4.24、3.76、4.76、3.86和5.25、4.78、26.53、6.67、11.37,P<0.05),防护组Cu含量在照后各时间点低于照射组(t=4.23、3.57、4.01、4.73、3.78、3.44,P<0.05),Zn含量在照后14 d高于照射组(t=6.21,P<0.05);照射组Mg含量在照后7 d降低(t=5.85,P<0.05)。结论 RBI模型中Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn含量失衡,补充MgSO₄可以纠正Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn含量的失衡,并可以减轻放射性脑损伤。     

400拉德钴-60γ线一次全身照射家兔血清中某些微量元素含量的变化

家兔11只接受400拉德⁶⁰Coy线一次全身照射,照射量率为95伦/分,于照射前及照射后第l、5、10、15、20、25、31、35天分别采血,用全自动质子激发X线分析法测定血清中微量元素(K、Ca、Cu、Zn和Br)的含量,并同时进行白细胞计数.4只正常家兔作为对照组在相应时相点进行对比观察.照射后第一天血清Zn、Ca含量和Zn/Cu比值显著降低;Cu、Br含量显著升高.照射后25天内各时相点血清微量元素含量的变化幅度与正常对照组相比,Zn含量和Zn/Cu比值下降显著,但血清Cu、Ca、Br的含量变化不明显.血清Zn的含量在照射后很快下降.15天后逐渐恢复,照射后一个月已接近正常水平.照射后白细胞计数与血清Zn含量之间存在正相关.照射后4只死亡兔血清Zn、Ca含量和Zn/cu比值都明显降低.血清Cu含量升高.认为检测血清中这些微量元素含量的变化可能对探讨辐射损伤和修复的规律会有所帮助.     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.     

Kidney and iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents

In patients with renal failure, iodinated contrast agents may cause acute deterioration of the renal function and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) may cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). The administration of a contrast agent must thus be reviewed for each patient and evaluation of renal function is paramount even though its estimation using formulas derived from the creatinine level may fluctuate. For iodinated contrast agents, contrast induced nephropathy is reduced by hydratation, preferably intravenous, when the GFR is less than 60 ml/min. The risk for intravenous injections is less than the risk for arterial injections, and the GFR threshold may be reduced to 45 ml/min. For gadolinium-based contrast agents, patients at risk for NSF are those with end-stage renal disease and patients undergoing dialysis. In such cases, the injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent is only considered after a risk-benefit analysis has been completed, an alternate linear or macrocyclic agent issued and the dose limited to 0,1 mmol Gd/kg. Recently, recommendations from US and European agencies have converged. Learning objectives: to be familiar with the risk factors of CIN with iodinated contrast agents; to be familiar with hydration procedures for patients at risk of CIN; to be familiar with the diagnostic criteria of NSF; to be familiar with the classification of GBCA with regards to the risk of NSF; to be familiar with the contraindications of the different groups of GBCA.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.