一种消除无多普勒双光子光谱中的多普勒背景方法

本文利用内调制光谱和无多普勒双光子吸收的原理,提出了消除在无多普勒双光子吸收测量和荧光测量中的多普勒展宽背景的测量技术。     

提高大气吸收光谱测量分辨率的新方法

在仪器函数和吸收线型已知的情况下 ,提出了一种非线性拟合退卷积法 ,用于提高气体吸收测量的光谱分辨率。数值模拟和实际应用都表明 :该方法用于室内气体吸收光谱的测量 ,在保持吸收线型不变的情况下 ,可以显著地提高测量的光谱分辨率 ,降低测量噪声。将该方法用于怀特池中模拟大气吸收光谱测量 ,减小了激光线宽对测量结果的影响 ,获得了比较理想的结果。     

基于马赫-曾德干涉法测量原子介质的色散特性

理论分析了利用马赫-曾德干涉仪及平衡零拍探测技术测量相干介质色散特性的方法,实验测量了三能级铯原子分别在电磁诱导透明和电磁诱导吸收两种截然相反的相干效应下的色散特性.研究表明:在原子频率共振中心,对于透明介质,由于吸收减弱效应,信号光能穿出介质,保证了有效色散信息,即正常色散特性能被测量到;相反地,对于吸收介质,由于强吸收效应,只有在低粒子数密度条件下,即保证有信号光没有被完全吸收而穿出介质,才能测量到介质的反常色散特性;当提高铯泡温度时,介质对信号光吸收增强以至完全吸收,并且吸收频谱宽度变宽,导致色散信息不能被有效测量到.     

表面热透镜技术探测光学薄膜的微弱吸收

对表面热透镜技术测量光学薄膜的微弱吸收进行了理论分析,并以此建立了薄膜微弱吸收测量实验装置,对几种典型薄膜的吸收进行了测试,证实了这种方法的可行性。     

单光路冷原子吸收法在线测量气态痕量汞的研究

建立单光路冷原子吸收在线测Hg小型实验装置,应用Hydra AA全自动测Hg仪,采用湿化学法测量吸收液中的Hg浓度,通过测量结果计算出气体中的Hg浓度,测量结果表明渗透管渗透速率稳定。在此基础上,根据Lambert-Beer定律,通过原子吸收的方式测量痕量气态Hg的吸收强度,并与湿化学法测得的结果进行对比分析,实验结果与理论分析吻合较好,表明单光路条件下,冷原子吸收可用于纯净气体中Hg浓度的测量,进一步的研究应当以如何提高系统适应性及抗干扰能力为主要方向,光源强度的脉动可通过监测Hg的其他谱线来消除;外界环境的干扰,例如气体中存在粉尘或吸收池镜片存在污染等,可通过光电耦合变化作用予以消除。     

腔衰荡吸收测量中光源线宽影响研究

分析了腔衰荡吸收测量中激光线宽对实验结果的影响和单指数近似的适用范围，提出了衰荡曲线的多项式普适拟合公式。数值模型结果显示吸收较强时多项式拟合可以明显提高测量准确度，从而提高腔衰荡吸收测量的动态范围。     

基于光纤耦合宽带LED光源的Herriott池测量NO_2的研究

本文针对气溶胶吸收光声光谱仪需用较高浓度二氧化氮(NO_2)进行标定的需求,开展了基于光纤耦合宽带LED光源的Herriott型多通池测量NO_2的研究,解决了NO_2的简便、快速和高精度测量问题.首先依据光线传输理论、仿真分析了Herriott型多通池,并采用优化的仿真结果设计了有效光程为26.1 m的光学多通吸收池,以增强吸收池内待测NO_2气体的光吸收.针对LED光源的发光面、发散角大,常规准直的输出光难于在Herriott型多通池内来回传输的问题,本研究中将LED光源的输出光耦合进入一根单模光纤,然后用透镜准直后导入光学多通吸收池中,实现基于光学多通吸收池的宽带LED吸收光谱测量NO_2浓度,最终实现了对NO_2检测浓度极限1μmol/mol的预期设计值,对46μmol/mol的NO_2测量结果表明,测量精度达到0.1%.最后开展了此NO_2测量系统与气溶胶吸收光声光谱仪同时测量不同浓度NO_2的观测研究,结果表明所测量NO_2浓度与光声光谱信号呈现出很好的线性关系,线性度优于99.9%.基于宽带LED光源和Herriott型多通池的NO_2测量系统,具有价格低廉、结构简单和易用的特点,可以满足NO_2吸收法标定气溶胶吸收光声光谱仪的需求,也可用于化工领域对NO_2的快速分析测量.     

氧气A吸收带平均透过率的多光谱非成像测量

为了解决氧气A吸收带被动测距中使用高光谱成像系统存在测量实时性差的问题,提出了一种氧气A吸收带平均透过率的多光谱非成像测量方法。该方法利用3个窄带滤光片分别采集目标位于氧气A吸收带及其左右带肩的辐射强度信息。选择光电倍增管作为光电转换器件,在外场条件下开展氧气A吸收带平均透过率测量实验。建立了氧气A吸收带透过率的逐线积分模型,通过对比实验测量值与模型理论值验证了该方法的可行性。对比结果表明,在测量距离为100~400m范围内,氧气A吸收带平均透过率的测量误差在0.146%~1.576%之间,证明了该方法的可行性。     

提高大气吸收光谱测量分辩率的新方法

在仪器函数和吸收线型已知的情况下，提出了一种非线性拟合退卷积法，用于提高气体吸收测量的光谱分辨率。数值模拟和实际应用都表明：该方法用于室内气体吸收光谱的测量，在保持吸收线型不变的情况下，可以显著地提高测量的光谱分辩率，降低测量噪声。将该方法用于怀特池中模拟大气吸收光谱测量，减小了激光线宽对测量结果的影响，获得了比较理相的结果。     

基于可调谐半导体激光器吸收光谱的温度测量方法研究

介绍了基于半导体激光器作光源的吸收光谱测温技术研究和开发集成的系统,利用H₂O在1.4μm附近的吸收线对的线强比值来反演温度.介绍了该系统在实验室管式高温上的标定和开放炉管的测量验证,结果显示各设置温度下测量温度波动平均在50 K左右.之后在CH₄/空气预混平焰炉上进行进一步验证,发现在吸收线7153.7 cm^-1长波一侧出现了HITRAN08中未给出的几条H₂O吸收和该吸收线重叠.HITEMP中在这些波长上有对应的吸收线给出,但对另一条选用的吸收7154.354 cm^-1,给出的可对应吸收线中心频率和测量不一致.根据实验测量结果和HITRAN/HIlTEMP的对比,对选择吸收线对的位置和线强等参数继续采用实验室标定结果,并引入HlTEMP中给出的这些高温下表现出来的吸收线参数,在平焰炉不同当量比状态下做了测量对比.     

Mechanisms of the oxidation of defect-free surfaces of carbon nanostructures: the influence of surface curvature

This work is concerned with reaction paths in the interaction of carbon defect-free nanostructures with different surface curvatures (graphene, tubulenes, and fullerene C₆₀) with atomic and molecular oxygen. The interaction energies of atoms were calculated by the density functional theory method using the basis set of plane waves and the VASP package. The potential surface of reactions with molecular oxygen was studied by the nudged elastic band method. The energy parameters of the reaction (released energy and barrier) strongly depended on the curvature of carbon structure surfaces. The interaction of atomic oxygen in the ground state with the surface of carbon nanostructures is an exothermic reaction. The barrier to the reaction with molecular oxygen (0.5–2.5 eV) decreases as the curvature of nanostructure surfaces increases. The calculation results are in agreement with the experimental data and other ab initio calculations.     

Measurement of quadrupole moments of unstable nuclei during channeling and the possibility of revealing the effect of vector polarization of tensor-polarized beams of nuclei

General relations are deduced which describe the spin dynamics of beams of nuclei with the initial tensor and vector polarizations upon planar channeling in bent crystals. Our analysis demonstrates the possibility of revealing the effect of vector polarization, as predicted by Baryshevsky and Sokolsky, which occurs upon the planar channeling of a beam of nuclei with initial tensor polarization. The planar channeling of a beam of nuclei with the initial tensor and vector polarizations may be used to determine the quadrupole moments of unstable nuclei with a small lifetime of up to the order of 10^?7 s. The quadrupole moments of nuclei with a lifetime on the order of 10^?7 s cannot be measured by known techniques, including optical methods.     

Model calculation of the density of states of dilute alloys

We show that the single pole dominance approximation in the theory of localized spin fluctuations gives the structure in the spectral density associated with the formation of localized magnetic moments in metals and with the Kondo effect, that is a triply peaked spectral density, in agreement with experiment.     

Analysis of reliability of semiconductor emitters with different designs of cavities

We have reported on the results of analysis of the operating time of conventional laser diodes and diodes with noninjecting output sections. The reasons for shorter operating time of diodes with a single anti-reflection face of the cavity compared to diodes with two protecting coatings and emitters equipped with a fiber Bragg grating have been considered.     

Modelling of Bound States of Dirac Particles in Singular Background in Framework of Symanzik Approach

The problem of interaction of the fields of quantum electrodynamic with material macro-object is considered by employing the Symanzik approach on modelling the interaction of quantum field with space-time inhomogeneities. Results obtained in the models with Chern–Simons interaction of photon field with 2-dimensional material are briefly reviewed. In the model of interaction of spinor field with homogeneous isotropic material plane constructed in framework of Symanzik approach, the bound states are considered. For localized near plane Dirac particle the dispersion relation and the expressions for current, charge and density are analyzed. The bound states with massless dispersion law is considered. The presented methods of modelling can find application to a wide class of phenomena emerging from the interaction of quantum fields with extended material structures.     

Comparison of two types of synchronization of external-cavity semiconductor lasers

We study numerically the synchronization of external-cavity semiconductor lasers in a master-slave configuration, based on a Lang-Kobayashi-type model. Depending on the feedback and coupling strengths, the slave laser synchronizes with the injected optical field or with the injected field but lags in time. We show that these two types of synchronization present different robustness with respect to the noise, frequency detuning, and current modulation of the master laser.     

Enhancement of charging performance of quantum battery via quantum coherence of bath

An open quantum battery (QB) model of a single qubit system charging in a coherent auxiliary bath (CAB) consisting of a series of independent coherent ancillae is considered. According to the collision charging protocol we derive a quantum master equation and obtain the analytical solution of QB in a steady state. We find that the full charging capacity (or the maximal extractable work (MEW)) of QB, in the weak QB-ancilla coupling limit, is positively correlated with the coherence magnitude of ancilla. Combining with the numerical simulations we compare with the charging properties of QB at finite coupling strength, such as the MEW, average charging power and the charging efficiency, when considering the bath to be a thermal auxiliary bath (TAB) and a CAB, respectively. We find that when the QB with CAB, in the weak coupling regime, is in fully charging, both its capacity and charging efficiency can go beyond its classical counterpart, and they increase with the increase of coherence magnitude of ancilla. In addition, the MEW of QB in the regime of relative strong coupling and strong coherent magnitude shows the oscillatory behavior with the charging time increasing, and the first peak value can even be larger than the full charging MEW of QB. This also leads to a much larger average charging power than that of QB with TAB in a short-time charging process. These features suggest that with the help of quantum coherence of CAB it becomes feasible to switch the charging schemes between the long-time slow charging protocol with large capacity and high efficiency and the short-time rapid charging protocol with highly charging power only by adjusting the coupling strength of QB-ancilla. This work clearly demonstrates that the quantum coherence of bath can not only serve as the role of "fuel" of QB to be utilized to improve the QB's charging performance but also provide an alternative way to integrate the different charging protocols into a single QB.     

Dynamical scaling of the structure factor of some non-Euclidean systems

Predictions of nonlinear theories on dynamics of new phase formation have been examined for the hydration of calcium silicates with light water and heavy water. In the case of hydration with light water, reasonable agreement has been observed with dynamical scaling hypothesis with a new measure of the characteristic length. The characteristic length does not follow a power law relation with time. Hydrating mass is found to be mass fractal throughout hydration, with mass fractal dimension increasing with time. But, in the case of hydration with heavy water, no agreement has been observed with the scaling hypothesis. Hydrating mass undergoes transition from mass fractal to surface fractal and finally again to mass fractal. The qualitative features of the kinetics of hydration, as measured in small-angle scattering experiments, are strikingly different for hydration with light water and heavy water.     

Analysis of free carrier absorption measurement of electronic transport properties of silicon wafers

Sensitivity analysis of electronic transport property measurement of silicon wafers with modulated free carrier absorption (MFCA) technique and multi-parameter fitting procedure is performed. The sensitivity of the multi-parameter estimate employing the dependences of the MFCA amplitude and phase on the pump-probe-beam separation measured at several modulation frequencies covering an appropriate range is theoretically compared with that employing only the dependences of the MFCA amplitude and phase on the modulation frequency. Simulation results show that the dependences of the MFCA amplitude and phase on the pump-probe beam separation are more sensitive to the electronic transport properties of silicon wafers than the frequency dependences. The electronic transport properties of the silicon wafers determined with the two-beam separation dependence are therefore more accurate than that determined with the frequency dependence. Comparative experiments with a silicon wafer are performed and the carrier lifetime, the carrier diffusivity, and the front surface recombination velocity are determined simultaneously and unambiguously with both techniques.