杨凌某小区地下水源热泵空调系统冬夏季能效状况实测与分析

以杨凌某小区地下水源热泵系统为对象,于2010年2月及8月份对系统的各用能设备进行实地监测。结合现行能效标准,提出了水源侧输配系统、用户侧输配系统、热泵主机及热泵系统的能效指标。经测试,水源侧、用户侧输配系统及热泵系统均处于非节能状态,热泵主机处于节能状态。该测试结果对于分析各用能设备能耗、发掘系统节能潜力、提高地下水源热泵系统能效具有指导意义。     

我国高效节能配电变压器的生命周期成本分析

本文基于生命周期成本法,分析高效节能配电变压器的投资经济效果。本文首先分析了我国配电变压器能效等级的变化趋势并与欧盟标准进行对比;其次应用生命周期成本法计算各能效等级配电变压器的生命周期成本及动态投资回收期;最后,以S系列630／10型配电变压器为例,进行生命周期成本分析及负载率灵敏度分析。结果显示,在有政府补贴情景下,能效1级、能效2级配电变压器与能效3级配电变压器相比具有明显的投资优势,为推广高效节能配电变压器创造了有利条件。     

满液式水源热泵机组

1基本信息产品名称:满液式水源热泵机组规格型号:KLSH-140S-F KLSH-160S-F KLSH-180S-F KLSH-200D-F KLSH-200S-F KLSH-240D-F KLSH-280D-F KLSH-320D-F KLSH-360D-F KLSH-400D-F KLSH-500D-F产品类型:制冷与空调类生产企业:堃霖冷冻机械(上海)有限公司2 企业介绍堃霖冷冻机械(上海)有限公司是一家专业的中央空调制造厂商,专业生产工业用热泵热水机(空气源)、工商业用冷水(热泵)机组(风冷式)、工商业用冷水(热泵)机组(水冷式)、户用冷水(热泵)机组(风冷式)、户用冷水(热泵)机组(水冷式)、水源热泵机组(冷热水型)、工商业用低环境温度空气源热泵(冷水)机组等产品,提供各类中央空调产品的技术咨询及售后维修保养服务。公司投资570万美元,占地15 000 m2,建筑面积9 390 m2。公司现有员工220 人,其中技术人员53 人,占25%。公司获得三体系认证(质量管理体系、环境管理体系、职业健康安全管理体系)及五星级售后服务体系认证,还通过节能认证、CRAA 认证及美国AHRI认证。     

双级热泵耦合相变蓄能器供暖技术应用分析

为提升张家川某中学冬季供暖的热舒适性,采用空气-水源双级热泵耦合相变蓄能器系统,对学校原锅炉房进行热源系统改造。利用Open Studio模拟分析采暖季热负荷,对比不同热泵系统供暖方案模拟结果,并与测试结果进行对比分析。结果表明,利用空气-水源双级热泵耦合相变蓄能器系统不仅满足当地的供暖需求,且相比原系统,改造后的系统运行效果明显提升。系统运行期间校宿舍室内温度达标,系统日耗电量2 614.32 k Wh,空气源热泵机组平均COP为2.56,水源热泵机组平均COP为3.92。空气-水源双级热泵耦合相变蓄能器系统是一种清洁、环保、高效的供暖热源方案。     

水源热泵空调系统不同末端性能分析

以辽宁某医院的空调系统为例,对水源热泵分别与风机盘管及毛细管网联合运行的2种空调系统的运行能效进行对比研究。通过运行数据分析可知,制热时水源热泵与风机盘管系统COP为2.72,水源热泵与毛细管网系统COP为4.21;制冷时水源热泵与风机盘管系统COP为5.82,水源热泵与毛细管网系统COP为7.78。水源热泵与毛细管网末端联合运行的空调系统运行能效均高于水源热泵与风机盘管末端系统的运行能效,具有明显优越性。     

中间换热器在家用小型地下水源热泵系统应用分析与探讨

在解决地下水中杂物所引起的水源热泵机组换热器堵塞等问题上,实际工程普遍采用在水源与机组换热器之间加装中间换热器的方法。以南昌某别墅家用小型地下水源热泵系统加装中间换热器为例,以空气源热泵系统与地埋管地源热泵系统为比较对象,对比分析冷热源方案的能效比和经济性,结果表明,地下水源热泵系统在加装中间换热器后,会造成地下水的水温优势无法得到充分利用、能效与经济性均低于空气源热泵系统以及系统控制复杂等一系列问题。     

水冷离心式冷水机组

1基本信息产品名称:水冷离心式冷水机组规格型号:KLTW-150S KLTW-200S KLTW-400D KLTW-500D KLTW-600D产品类型:制冷与空调类生产企业:堃霖冷冻机械(上海)有限公司2企业介绍堃霖冷冻机械(上海)有限公司是一家专业的中央空调制造厂商,专业生产工业用热泵热水机(空气源)、工商业用冷水(热泵)机组(风冷式)、工商业用冷水(热泵)机组(水冷式)、户用冷水(热泵)机组(风冷式)、户用冷水(热泵)机组(水冷式)、水源热泵机组(冷热水型)、工商业用低环境温度空气源热泵(冷水)机组等产品,提供各类中央空调产品的技术咨询及售后维修保养服务。公司投资570万美元,占地15000 m2,建筑面积9390 m2,现有员工总数220人,其中技术人员53人,技术人员占25%。     

节能产品惠民工程高效节能房间空调器推广实施细则

1推广产品及企业条件 1．1申请高效节能房间空调器（简称高效节能空调器）推广的产品必须满足以下要求 a）能源效率达到GB12021．3《房间空气调节器能效限定值及能源效率等级》现行版本中能效等级2级及以上水平;     

关于超高效热泵热水器专用压缩机的研究

首先,文章分析了当前严峻的节能减排形势。国内外的节能减排政策相继出台,国内将热泵热水器纳入可再生能源的呼声越来越高,而国外已经将热泵纳入可再生能源。同时,热泵热水器国家能效标准即将出台,类似于空调能效等级一样,对热泵热水器划分能效等级。超高效热泵热水器专用压缩机就是在这种形势下诞生的,它综合了最新的技术研发模块,优化了电机性能曲线,采用了新焊接工艺,经过了长期严酷的可靠性考核,也必将受到热泵热水器厂家的追捧。     

直膨式太阳能热泵热水器及其热经济性分析

介绍了直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器(DX-SAHPWH)的基本结构和工作原理.计算了直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器、空气源热泵热水器、太阳能热水器、电热水器和燃气热水器的运行能耗.分析了直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器的市场潜力、经济性以及社会效益.几种热水器比较结果表明,直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器能耗最小,运行费仅为电热水器的1/3,燃气热水器的1/2,空气源热泵热水器的415;与电热水器相比,使用直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器,户均年运行费可减少约1500元,2年左右即可回收额外的初投资.直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器与空气源热泵热水器的市场价格相当.由于其节能、环保、安全等,自身优势明显,预期该热水器应用前景广阔.     

中高温空气源热泵热水器的工质优选

热泵热水器的工质对机组的性能和热水器的出水温度都有较大的影响,是研发高性能热泵热水器的重要课题之一。对目前热泵热水器常用的工质、部分中高温热泵工质以及新开发的中高温热泵热水器工质TJR01从基本物性、安全性、环保性、溶油性进行了分析,又通过CSD方程对循环特性进行了计算和分析。结果表明,新工质TJR01直接充灌到R22压缩机里,既能保证热水器的出水温度要求,又能保证机组高效稳定运行。     

System optimization and experimental research on air source heat pump water heater

This paper deals with the system optimization of air source heat pump water heater (ASHPWH), including calculating and testing. The ASHPWH system consists of a heat pump, a water tank and connecting pipes. Air energy is absorbed at the evaporator and pumped to storage tank via a Rankine cycle. The coil pipe/condenser releases condensing heat of the refrigerant to the water side. An ASHPWH using a rotary compressor heated the water from initial temperature to the set temperature (55 °C). The capillary tube length, the filling quantity of refrigerant, the condenser coil tube length and system matching are discussed accordingly. From the testing results, it could be seen that the system performance COP could be improved obviously.     

A review of heat pump water heating systems

A heat pump water heater (HPWH) operates on an electrically driven vapor-compression cycle and pumps energy from the air in its surroundings to water in a storage tank, thus raising the temperature of the water. HPWHs are a promising technology in both residential and commercial applications due to both improved efficiency and air conditioning benefits.Residential HPWH units have been available for more than 20 years, but have experienced limited success in the marketplace. Commercial-scale HPWHs are also a very promising technology, while their present market share is extremely low.This study dealt with reviewing HPWH systems in terms of energetic and exergetic aspects. In this context, HPWH technology along with its historical development was briefly given first. Next, a comprehensive review of studies conducted on them were classified and presented in tables. HPWHs were then modeled for performance evaluation purposes by using energy and exergy analysis methods. Finally, the results obtained were discussed. It is expected that this comprehensive review will be very beneficial to everyone involved or interested in the energetic and exergetic design, simulation, analysis, performance assessment and applications of various types of HPWH systems.     

Effect of load pattern on solar-boosted heat pump water heater performance

The performance of a solar-boosted heat pump water heater (HPWH) operating under full load and part load conditions was determined in an outdoor experimental study. The system utilised flat unglazed aluminium solar evaporator panels to absorb solar and ambient energy. Absorbed energy was transferred to the water tank by means of the heat pump and a wrap around condenser coil on the outside of the tank. The system COP was found to be in the range of 5–7 under clear daytime conditions and 3–5 under clear night-time conditions. Using part load testing of the HPWH system it was found that concentrating the coils in the lower portion of the tank could increase the efficiency of the condenser coil. It was also shown that there exists a generalised linear relationship that can be used to describe the system COP in terms of the temperature difference between the water in the storage tank and the ambient air.     

Performance characterization of an indoor air source heat pump water heater for residential applications in Canada

Air source heat pump water heater (ASHPWH) is a relatively new addition to delivering hot water at reasonably high efficiency. ASHPWH systems have achieved significant acceptance for mild to warm climate regions where space heating is minimal or none. However, limited performance mapping is available on these water heaters in extreme cold climatic conditions, such as Canada. The paper has examined the long‐term performance of this technology in Canadian context. The investigation has established the performance characteristics of ASHPWH unit through a series of pre‐defined indoor tests and theoretical simulations. The coefficient of performance and other critical parameters of ASHPWH were established and discussed in detail. A model was developed, validated, and used to show the impact of such type of water heater on the overall energy consumption in the house. The results indicate that the summer cooling decreases and the winter heating increases in the house with an indoor ASHPWH unit. Nevertheless, the net effect leads to 21.3% reduction in the total electricity consumption of the house (space heating, cooling, and water heating). Research provided an accurate performance prediction of ASHPWHs for year‐round applications in Canadian homes.     

Vapor compression multifunctional heat pumps in China: A review of configurations and operational modes

With the growing concerns about worldwide energy and environmental sustainability, heat pump water heaters and solar water heaters became popular in China after 2000. The combinations between the heat pump air conditioner, heat pump water heater and solar water heater brought about more energy saving operational modes besides those included in the above three appliances, which promoted the development of multifunctional heat pumps. The combinations also resulted in the higher utilization ratio and lower operational cost of the heat pump, then the payback time can be shortened greatly. The rapid development of multifunctional heat pumps at the beginning of the 21st century in China indicates its promising application prospect.The heat pump air conditioner was the fundamental component of a multifunctional heat pump. Versatile configurations of multifunctional heat pumps were evolved from the integration of the domestic water heat exchanger with the refrigerant loop of the heat pump air conditioner by various approaches. This paper reviewed the development of multifunctional heat pumps in China, mainly focusing on configuration features and operational modes of the heat pump. The configuration of a multifunctional heat pump fundamentally determines the initial cost, operating cost and operating reliability. Therefore, it is reasonable to make a compromise between the simplicity of the configuration and versatile operational modes in the design of the multifunctional heat pump under different application conditions.     

Energy consumption modeling of air source electric heat pump water heaters

Electric heat pump air source water heaters may provide an opportunity for significant improvements in residential water heater energy efficiency in countries with temperate climates. As the performance of these appliances can vary widely, it is important for consumers to be able to accurately assess product performance in their application to maximise energy savings and ensure uptake of this technology. For a given ambient temperature and humidity, the performance of an air source heat pump water heater is strongly correlated to the water temperature in or surrounding the condenser. It is therefore important that energy consumption models for these products duplicate the real-world water temperatures applied to the heat pump condenser.This paper examines a recently published joint Australian and New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 4234: 2008; Heated water systems – Calculation of energy consumption. Using this standard a series TRNSYS models were run for several split type air source electric heat pump water heaters. An equivalent set of models was then run utilizing an alternative water use pattern. Unfavorable errors of up to 12% were shown to occur in modeling of heat pump water heater performance using the current standard compared to the alternative regime. The difference in performance of a model using varying water use regimes can be greater than the performance difference between models of product.     

空气源热泵热水器系统优化计算及实验研究

对现有的空气源热泵热水器系统部件提出了优化目标与方向,并进行相应计算和实验验证。通过分别对热泵工质充注量、冷凝盘管长度以及系统匹配问题的研究,结合实验结果证明了经过优化后,热泵热水器系统的性能COP显著提高,并且稳定性得到改善。     

循环式小型空调器冷凝废热热水器的研制

本文对小型空调器的冷凝废热进行了计算和分析,研制出了循环式小型空调器冷凝废热热水器,测试和应用表明,循环式小型空调器冷凝废热热水器是一种可以市场化的产品。     

空气源热泵与燃气锅炉辅助加热太阳能供热水系统的设计和应用

太阳能作为可再生能源,在建筑节能中越来越受到人们的重视.根据工程实例,分析和探讨空气源热泵和燃气锅炉辅助加热太阳能供热水系统的特点,应用范围,工作工况以及运行系统,力求实现太阳能热水器与建筑的优化设计,促进空气源热泵和燃气锅炉辅助加热太阳能热水技术在建筑领域的推广应用.