Hot Ductility of Severe Plastic Deformed AA6061 Aluminum Alloy

The hot ductility of 6061 aluminum alloy,which was subjected to two different severe plastic deformations(SPD),was studied at different temperatures and strain rates.The tensile tests were carried out at the temperature range of 300-500 ℃ and at the strain rates of 0.0005-0.01 s~(-1).The microstructure evolution was characterized using optical microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique.The influences of the microstructure after SPD,thermomechanical parameters(temperature and strain rate) and specimen size on the hot formability of this alloy were then analyzed.The results show that a decrease in grains/subgrains exhibited significant effect on the hot ductility of SPDed samples.The constitutive equations were then developed to model the hot formability of the studied alloy.The developed model can be represented by Zener-Hollomon parameter in a hyperbolic sinusoidal equation form.Both the changes of elongation to failure and Zener-Hollomon parameter indicate that the hot ductility of the alloy is more sensitive to the temperature rather than to the strain rate.The uniform elongation is independent of the specimen size,but the postnecking elongation increases dramatically as the ratio of l/A~(1/2) decreases.     

Oxidation behavior of temary Fe- 15Cu-5Al and Fe-85Cu-5Al alloys in pure oxygen at 900℃

The oxidation of two two-phase ternary Fe-Cu-Al alloys containing about 5%（mole fraction） aluminium, one Fe-rich and one Cu-rich, has been studied at 900 ℃ in 1~105 Pa pure oxygen. The Fe-rich Fe-15Cu-5Al alloy presents two quasi-parabolic stages, with a large decrease of the parabolic rate constant after about 50min. The presence of 5% Al greatly reduces the oxidation rate of this alloy with respect to a binary Fe-Cu alloy of similar composition by forming an external protective Al203 layer, which is present near the scale/alloy interface. Due to the high stress-growth effect, this thin Al203 layer cannot completely prevent further oxidation of the alloy underneath. On the contrary, the Cu-rich Fe-85Cu-5Al alloy presents a single parabolic stage and forms a thick and porous external scale, coupled to the internal oxidation of Fe and Al. As a result, the oxidation of Cu-rich alloy at 900 ℃ is much faster than that of the Fe-rich alloy.     

Effect of Mn on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-SiCu-Cr-V alloy

In order to improve the performances of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Cr-V alloy,various amounts of Mn(0-0.9wt.%) were added.The effect of this Mn on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Cr-V alloys in different states,especially after hot extrution and solid solution treatment,was systematically studied using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and mechanical tests at room temperature.The results show that 0.2wt.% Mn can both refine the as-cast microstructure of the alloy and strengthen the extrusion+T6 state alloy without damaging the plasticity badly due to the formation of Al 15(FeMn) 3 Si 2 and Al 15 Mn 3 Si 2 dispersoids.Compared with the extrusion+T6 state alloy without Mn addition,the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy with 0.2wt.% Mn addition are increased from 416.9 MPa to 431.4 MPa,360.8 MPa to 372 MPa,respectively.The elongation of the extrusion+T6 state alloy does not show obvious change when the Mn addition is less than 0.5wt.%,and for the alloy with 0.2wt.% Mn addition its elongation is still as high as 15.6%.However,when over 0.7wt.% Mn is added to the alloy,some coarse,stable and refractory AlVMn and Al(VMn)Si phases form.These coarse phases can reduce the effect of Mn on the inhibition of re-crystallization;and they retain the angular morphology permanently after the subsequent deformation process and heat treatment.This damages the mechanical properties of the alloy.     

Optimization of HPVP-GTAW process parameters for Al-Mg aluminum alloy welded joints

Optimization of hybrid ultrahigh frequency pulse variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding （HPVP-GTAW） process was carried out to obtain the optimum weld characteristics of 5AO6-HX4 aluminum-magnesium alloy sheets of 3 mm thickness. The square butt joints were produced by HPVP-GTA W process, the microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. It is observed that the process parameters influence the weld microstructure and mechanical properties significantly. Weld microstructure is mainly composed of grid a （A1） solid solution, with a large number of intermetallic （ Mg2Al3 ） precipitates distributed in the matrix. The amount of ~ （ Mg2Al3 ） precipitates has an obvious difference with different parameters. Compared with that of the base material, tensile strength of 5AO6-HX4 alloy welded joints has a certain reduction, as well as the elongation and reduction of area. The optimized welding process parameters for 5A06-HX4 alloy sheets are presented.     

Wear response of metastable b-type Ti–25Nb–2Mo–4Sn alloy for biomedical applications

The wear response of a newly developed metastable b-type Ti–25Nb–2Mo–4Sn(abbreviated as Ti-2524) alloy was investigated and compared with that of(a+b)-type Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Experimental results show that solution-treated(ST) Ti-2524 specimen has the lowest wear rate due to the combined effects of excellent ductility and lubricative Nb2O5. Although similar Nb2O5 forms on the surface of the cold rolled plus annealed(CRA) Ti-2524 specimen, the beneficial effect of Nb2O5 on the wear resistance is counteracted by the increase in wear rate caused by low elongation. Thus, the wear rate of the CRA Ti-2524 alloy is higher than that of ST Ti-2524 specimen.As for the ST Ti–6Al–4V alloy, no lubricative Nb2O5 forms on its worn surface owing to the absence of Nb. In addition, the ST Ti–6Al–4V alloy exhibits an elongation roughly similar to the CRA Ti-2524 specimen. Therefore,the ST Ti–6Al–4V specimen possesses a higher wear rate than the CRA Ti-2524 specimen.     

Uniform distribution of TiCp in TiCp/Zn-Al composites prepared by XD^TM

The prefabricated Al/TiC alloy with high TiC particle content was prepared by XD^TM process,The uniform distribution process of TiC particles in the stationary zinc melt was studied and analyzed using self-made experimental equipment,and the model of the uniform distribution process was built.The results show that zinc diffuses into the prepared Al/TiC alloy after it is placed in the zinc melt at temperatures below the melting point of aluminum,which leads to the decrease of the liquidus temperature of Al-Zn alloy in the surface layer of Al/TiC alloy.When the liquidus temperature of Al-Zn alloy is equal to or below the temperature of zinc melt,Al-Zn alloy melts and TiC particles drop with it from the Al/TiC alloy and then transfer into the zinc melt and finally distribute uniformly in it.     

High temperature tensile behaviors of extruded and rolled AZ31 Mg alloy

High temperature tensile ductilities and deformation mechanisms of an extruded and rolled AZ31 Mg alloy were investigated.Elongation-to-failure tests were conducted under constant T-head velocity and constant temperatures ranging from 300℃ to 450℃.Strain-rate-change tests were conducted under varying strain rate from 5×10-5s-1to 2×10-2s-1and constant temperature from 300℃ to 450℃.Experimental results show that the maximum elongation of the AZ31 alloy with an average grain size of about 19μm is 117%at strain rate of 10- 3s-1 and temperature of 450℃.Stress exponent and activation energy were characterized to clarify the deformation mechanisms.The enhanced ductility is dominated by solute drag dislocation creep,and the major failure mechanism is cavity growth and interlinkage.     

Nano-SiCP particles distribution and mechanical properties of Al-matrix composites prepared by stir casting and ultrasonic treatment

Nano-ceramic particles are generally difficult to add into molten metal because of poor wettability. Nano-SiC_Particles reinforced A356 aluminum alloy composites were prepared by a new complex process, i.e., a molten-metal process combined with high energy ball milling and ultrasonic vibration methods. The nano particles were β-SiC_P with an average diameter of 40 nm, and pre-oxidized at about 850 °C to form an oxide layer with a thickness of approximately 3 nm. The mm-sized composite granules containing nano-SiC_P were fi rstly produced by milling the mixture of oxidized nano-SiC_P and pure Al powders, and then were remelted in the matrix-metal melt with mechanical stirring and treated by ultrasonic vibration to prepare the composite. SEM analysis results show that the nano-SiC_P articles are distributed uniformly in the matrix and no serious agglomeration is observed. The tensile strength and elongation of the composite with 2 wt.% nano-SiC_P in as-cast state are 226 MPa and 5.5%, improved by 20% and 44%, respectively, compared with the A356 alloy.     

A NEW HEAT-TREATMENT PROCESS FOR 2014 ALUMINUM ALLOY AND ITS MECHANISM

The plan of heat-treatment process for 2014Al alloy is designed using orthogonal method, the heat-treatment experiments are made and the mechanical properties are tested according to the designed plan. The effect of solid solution temperature, ageing temperature, ageing time on microscopic mechanism of the mechanical properties of the 2014Al alloy is studied using microscope, transmission electron microscope. The best heat treatment process of the 2014Al alloy is developed. The experimental results indicate that the strength σ_b, yield stress σ_(0.2), percentage elongation δ of the alloy reach separately 490～500 MPa, 450～490 MPa, 10～12％ adopting the new heat treatment process. Compared with GB, the strength increases 20～30％, the percentage elongation increases 30～40％. The mechanism of the new heat-treatment process is also discussed.     

Effect of Ce-rich rare earth on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb magnesium alloy

To improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb magnesium alloy,different amount of Ce-rich rare earth(RE)was added to the alloy,and the effect of RE addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb alloy was investigated by means of Brinell hardness measurement, scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that an appropriate amount of Ce-rich rare earth addition can make the Al4Ce phase particles and CeSb phase disperse more evenly in the alloy.These phases refine the alloy’s matrix and make the secondary phases[?-Mg 32 (Al,Zn)49 phase and?-Al 2 Mg5Zn2 phase]finer and more dispersive,therefore significantly improve the mechanical properties of the Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb alloy.When the RE addition is 1.0 wt.%,the tensile strengths of the alloy both at room temperature and 150oC reach the maximum values while the impact toughness is slightly lower than that of the matrix alloy.The hardness increases with the increase of RE addition.     

Mg-4Zn-2Y合金的高温拉伸流变本构关系

通过对轧制态Mg-4Zn-2Y合金在不同热变形温度以及应变速率下进行高温拉伸试验,研究了Mg-4Zn-2Y合金在不同工艺参数下进行热变形时流变应力的变化规律,并绘制了热加工图。结果表明,流变应力与变形温度以及应变速率均有关系,热变形温度不变时,材料的最大流变应力会随着应变速率的提高而增大;在应变速率不变时,材料的最大流变应力随着变形温度的升高会逐渐下降。采用双曲正弦修正的本构模型确定了轧制态Mg-4Zn-2Y合金的变形激活能Q=242 233.2 J·mol^-1,应力指数n=8.09。通过热加工图确定了Mg-4Zn-2Y合金的可加工区域为472.15~545.00 K,10^-3~10^-4 s^-1和545.00~672.15 K,10^-4~10^-1 s^-1。     

Evolution of lamellar structure in Ti–47Al–2Nb–2Cr–0.2W alloy sheet

The Ti–47Al–2Nb–2Cr–0.2W alloy sheets were obtained by hot pack rolling. The as-rolled sheet has an inhomogeneous duplex microstructure composed of elongated gamma grains and lamellar colonies. Heat treatments were conducted on the as-rolled sheets. The results show that the microstructures with different sizes and grain boundary morphologies were developed after different heat treatments. A coarse fully lamellar structure can be refined if the heating time, together with the cooling rate, is appropriately controlled. The grain growth exponent is found to be approximately 0.2, and the activation energy of grain boundary migration of the alloy is around 225 kJ/mol.     

非平衡凝固条件下Zn-5Al合金的组织形成

对Zn-5Al合金采用液淬凝固和定量金相统计试验,考察了合金在非平衡冷却凝固过程中组织的形成和转变。研究表明:合金在非平衡凝固下析出初生富铝相α,它随着冷却速度的提高是逐渐减少的;初生相逐渐从胞状向树枝状转变。Zn-5Al合金在非平衡凝固条件下因析出初生相而获得亚共晶组织,冷速较大时共晶组织皆无明显的共晶核心,并且共晶层片组织逐渐变细,有的甚至无法看到,只有在共晶团搭界处才可看出明显的层片,共晶团内部的共晶层片基本呈无序状态。通过对本试验结果探讨,定性得到了锌铝合金共晶共生区相图,为以后研究Zn-5Al合金在非平衡凝固条件下凝固结晶提供了一些参考。     

铸态Zn-5Al合金相变超塑性的初步研究

用恒载荷法研究了铸态Zn-5Al合金相变超塑性的变形特征。结果表明，铸态Zn-5Al合金相变超塑性变形符合线性法则和低应力特征；其铸态下的伸长率随着载荷的减少、循环频率的升高和保温时间的延长而增加。     

均匀化退火对Mg-3Al-1Zn-2.2/5Sr镁合金中第二相的影响

为研究均匀化退火处理对Mg-3Al-1Zn-2.2/5Sr镁合金中第二相的影响,通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜观察(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段,并结合Pandat热力学计算软件,对Mg-3Al-1Zn-2.2/5Sr镁合金均匀化退火后组织中的第二相的类型及形成原因进行了分析。结果表明:经过400℃,15 h(炉冷)的均匀化退火处理以后,合金铸态组织中原本存在的(Mg,Al)17Sr2相中固溶的Al元素所占原子分数有所降低。此外,Sr含量为2.2%(质量分数)的合金组织中可以观察到大量沿(Mg,Al)17Sr2相边缘分布的颗粒状Al4Sr相,而Sr含量为5%的合金中基本观察不到(Mg,Al)17Sr2相的变化。     

Mg-5.5Zn-2Gd-0.6Zr铸造镁合金的蠕变机制

在ZM-1(Mg-5Zn-0.6Zr)合金的基础上,适量增加Zn的含量并加入重稀土元素Gd,设计了Mg-5.5Zn-2Gd-0.6Zr实验合金。采用砂型铸造工艺制备实验合金试样,在不同温度和应力条件下对该实验合金和ZM-1合金的蠕变曲线进行了测试。结果表明:在相同条件下,Mg-5.5Zn-2Gd-0.6Zr实验合金的稳态蠕变速率较ZM-1合金的降低了一个数量级;当施加应力为40 MPa时,实验合金的蠕变激活能Q200-250℃=142.0 kJ/mol,接近镁的自扩散激活能,蠕变受位错攀移控制,而ZM-1合金在相同应力下蠕变激活能Q200-250℃=88.5 kJ/mol,接近镁的晶界扩散激活能,蠕变受晶界滑移控制。合金在200℃条件下的应力指数n=4.21,而ZM-1合金的应力指数n=2.21。因此,认为加入重稀土元素Gd后实验合金的蠕变机制发生改变,200℃时的蠕变机制为位错攀移机制。     

Microstructure effects on the forgeability of Zn-22Al eutectoid alloy

The forgeability of Zn-22Al eutectoid alloy with two types of microstructure has been studied by using a Gleeble simulation machine. Experimental results showed that the fine-grained Zn-22Al eutectoid alloy possessed excellent forgeability. The flow stress was only 11.5 MPa at 200°C in a compressive strain rate of 0.006 s⁻¹ and then remained constant during the whole forging process. However, the compressive stress-strain curves of lamellar Zn-22Al eutectoid alloy were drastically higher than that of fine-grained Zn-22Al eutectoid alloy tested in the same forging conditions. The stress-softening phenomenon and oscillatory behavior exhibited in these stress-strain curves of lamellar Zn-22Al eutectoid alloy may be attributed to the dynamic recovery (and/or recrystallization) effect at elevated temperatures.     

轧制变形量对Zn-3Cu合金显微组织、力学和耐腐蚀性能的影响

本文以Zn-3Cu合金为研究对象。研究了轧制变形量对Zn-3Cu合金的显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着轧制变形量的增加,Zn-3Cu合金基体晶粒细化程度不断加深,合金中的CuZn5相沿着轧制方向不断被拉长并出现部分断裂。Zn-3Cu合金的强度先增后减,塑性不断增强,60%变形量的Zn-3Cu合金具有最高的屈服强度,达到了263.1 ± 4.9 MPa。 随着变形量增加,轧态Zn-3Cu合金的耐腐蚀性能逐渐减弱,铸态Zn-3Cu合金表现优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

T45Al10Nb附带 金全片层组织韧脆转变机制的研究

研究了应变速率和温度对Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｎｂ合金的屈服强度和延伸率的影响。结果表明：随着应经升高,合金的屈服强度升高而延伸率下降,由此得到韧脆温度ＴＢＤＴ随应变束率升高而升工计算出Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｎｂ合金韧脆转变的激活能为３３０ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ。这一数值与ｒ－ＴｉＡｌ合金中原子的自扩散激活能（２９０ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ）相当,说明Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｎｂ合金韧脆转变过程受扩散控制的形迹机制,即位错攀移控制,ＴＥＭ形     

Ce含量对Mg-Li-Al-Zn合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响(英文)

制备了Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn-xCe(x=0-2.5;质量分数,%)铸态合金,并将所得合金分别于300°C和370°C进行均匀化和固溶处理;研究固溶处理后合金显微组织和拉伸性能的变化。结果表明,合金中加入Ce后出现Al2Ce/Al3Ce析出相,此时合金主要由α-Mg、Al2Ce、Al3Ce和AlLi相组成;固溶处理后合金中AlLi和Al-Ce析出相数量减少。析出相的数量与形态对合金的力学性能十分重要,含有1.0%Ce的合金获得了优良的拉伸性能。固溶处理后Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Ce合金的强度和伸长率都得到了大幅度的提高,这是因为合金在固溶处理后由于基体中的溶质原子增加而获得良好的固溶强化作用。