微生物浸出黄铜矿适应性研究

采用微生物浸矿技术,以西部矿业黄铜矿为对象,进行了从黄铜矿中提取铜的实验研究。菌种为氧化亚铁杆菌（T.f）。先进行菌种富集制备T．f菌浸出液,用细菌摇瓶浸出法做实验,了解影响浸出率的各种技术因素。研究结果得出,西部矿业黄铜矿在一般温度（25℃）下,T．f菌浸液的起始pH值为2．5,细菌浸出效果良好,浸出率平均在40％～65％之间,最高达到67％左右。为明确了解T．f菌浸出的效果,进行了无菌化学浸出的平行实验,两组系列实验结果得出,在整个浸出过程中,有菌浸出与无菌浸出相比,前期有菌浸出占有明显优势,但在后期浸出,效果与无菌浸出相当。这是由于有菌浸出后期pH值较前期低,不利于细菌的生长繁殖,此时,浸出时应使用pH值控制器,使其pH保持在合适的范围内,就能继续高的浸出速率。     

石煤提钒的浮选工艺及吸附机理

针对传统石煤提钒工艺中钒回收率低、环境污染严重等问题,在工艺矿物学研究的基础上,采用浮选的方法对含钒石煤矿进行条件实验和闭路实验,设计出提钒浮选流程,并利用分子动力学模拟研究捕收剂分子在矿物解理面的吸附过程。结果表明:石煤中主要含钒矿物为钒云母,主要的脉石矿物为石英;通过闭路浮选实验,得到了五氧化二钒品位为3.20%(质量分数)、回收率为74.50%的钒精矿;捕收剂分子容易在钒云母(001)面发生吸附,而在石英(001)面几乎不吸附,从而实现了石煤中钒云母和石英的浮选分离。     

S300树脂对汽车失效催化剂浸出液中Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附行为

基于实验室合成的S300树脂对汽车失效催化剂浸出液中Pd^2+吸附过程进行研究,考察温度、溶液体系中HCl浓度、吸附时间等因素对Pd^2+在S300树脂上吸附行为的影响,并对Pd^2+在S300树脂中的动力学特性、交换等温线、复杂体系中的选择性以及解吸过程进行研究,根据表征结果分析在盐酸体系下S300树脂的吸附机理。结果表明:温度对Pd^2+吸附过程影响较小,溶液体系中的HCl浓度在0~1 mol/L范围内,S300树脂的平衡吸附量随HCl浓度升高而显著增加,平衡吸附时间约为30 min。S300树脂吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型与Langmuir等温模型,对汽车失效催化剂浸出液中Pd^2+的吸附分配系数DM=68.66,静态解吸过程中,解吸3 min后,Pd^2+解吸率达到98.79%。研究结果表明,溶液中Pd(Ⅱ)以[PdCl4]2?形式通过离子?偶极作用与S300树脂发生吸附反应。     

石煤钒矿硫酸活化常压浸出提钒工艺

研究石煤钒矿的硫酸活化提钒方法。分别考察矿石粒度、硫酸浓度、活化剂用量、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和浸出液固比等因素对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明:石煤提钒的优化条件为矿石粒度小于74μm的占80%、硫酸浓度150 g/L、活化剂CaF2用量(相对于矿石)60 kg/t、催化剂R用量20 g/L、反应温度90℃、反应时间6 h、液固比(体积/质量,mL/g)2:1,在此优化条件下,钒浸出率可达94%以上;在优化条件下,采用两段逆流浸出,可有效减少活化剂CaF2以及浸出剂硫酸的消耗量;经过两段逆流浸出萃取反萃氧化水解工艺,全流程钒资源总回收率可达86.9%;V2O5产品纯度高于99.5%。     

Kinetics of recovering germanium from lignite ash with chlorinating roasting methods

A process of recovering Ge by chlorinating masting was put forward. GeCl4 was separated and recovered from lignite ash because of its low boiling point. Kinetic analysis indicates that the chlorinating roasting process fits with the unreacted-core shrinking model and the reaction rate equation corresponds to 1 - 2a/3 - （1 - a）2/3 = kt. The apparent activation energy Ea is calculated to be 22.36 kJ·mol^-1. The diffusion of product layer serves as the rate-controlling step in this process. When the roasting temperature is 250℃, the roasting time is 60 min, the con- centration of hydrochloric acid is 10 mol/L, and the ratio of liquid to solid is 10 （mHCl/ash = 10）, and 90% Ge in lignite ash can be recovered.     

Removal and recovery of titanium (IV) from leach liquor of high-sulfur bauxite using calcium alginate microspheres impregnated with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid

In the leaching solution of high-sulfur bauxite roasted by sulfuric acid, a high concentration of aluminum presented along with titanium and iron. The present work was to remove Ti(IV) from the leach liquor by calcium alginate microsphere sorbent material (CA-P204) based on natural alginate impregnated with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) to purify leaching solution. Cation exchange and chelation make major contributions to the adsorption mechanism according to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The results showed that Ti(IV) was successfully removed by the CA-P204 adsorbent from the Ti(IV)?Al(III)?Fe(III) ternary system with a dynamic column experiment. The removal rate of titanium was nearly 95% under optimal conditions and the maximum adsorption capacity was 66.79 mg/g at pH 1.0. Reusability of CA-P204 was evaluated over three consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. The adsorption process was simple, low-cost, and had no waste discharge, suggesting that the CA-P204 was promising, efficient, and economical for removing Ti(IV) from high-sulfur bauxite leaching solution.     

Hydrometallurgical process for recovery of Zn,Pb, Ga and Ge from Zn refinery residues

Zn, Pb, Ga and Ge were separated and recovered from zinc refinery residues by stepwise leaching. In the first stage, by leaching with H₂SO₄ media, more than 90% of Zn and 99% of Ga were dissolved, leaving 92% of Ge in the leaching residue. In the second stage, by leaching with HCl media, approximately 99% of Pb and less than 2% of Ge were selectively dissolved. Finally, the remaining 90% of Ge was extracted in 1 mol/L NaOH solution by destroying the correlation between SiO₂ and Ge. XRD pattern of the leaching residue demonstrated that ZnSO₄·H₂O, PbSO₄ and SiO₂ were removed sequentially through the stepwise leaching. The proposed process achieved high recoveries of Zn, Pb, Ga and Ge, thus presenting a potential industrial application.     

化学法浸出废旧铝电解槽内衬回收冰晶石和碳粉(英文)

采用两步浸出法对铝电解槽废旧阴极炭块进行处理,以分离出冰晶石并提纯炭粉。研究不同温度、浸出时间和液固比对浸出率的影响。结果表明,在NaOH浸出阶段,可溶性化合物Na3AlF6和Al2O3溶解于NaOH溶液中,浸出率达到65.0%,所得炭粉纯度为72.7%;第二步采用HCl浸出得到炭粉,可溶性化合物CaF2和NaAl11O17溶解到盐酸溶液中,浸出率达到96.2%,炭粉纯度达到96.4%。将上述碱浸和酸浸得到的浸出液进行混合以析出冰晶石,在pH=9、温度为70°C下沉积2h,其析出率达到95.6%,所得冰晶石纯度为96.4%。     

氰化金泥处理过程产生的银渣中金、银的回收

为了回收金精炼氯化分金后生产银锭过程中副产品银渣中的金和银,对直接氰化及先酸溶再氰化处理效果进行了对比研究。结果表明,银渣经酸处理后,在优化条件下,其金浸出率可达95%以上,银浸出率可达90%左右,明显高于直接氰化;采用直接氰化处理方法,当银渣细磨至-0.038 mm占95%以上粒度时,氰化过程中加入碳酸氢铵,且氰化分段进行洗涤,延长浸出时间,可显著提高金、银浸出率。通过多次分段洗涤-氰化浸出工业试验,银渣中金回收率高达92.93%,银回收率84.17%。采用的方法操作过程简单,试剂消耗少,经济效益显著。     

某金铁氧化矿中矿泥对氰化浸出影响的研究

考察了高岭土、绿泥石、白云石和褐铁矿4种常见易泥化矿物对氰化浸出过程的影响,发现褐铁矿和白云石在细磨时形成的次生矿泥比原生矿泥具有更强的吸附已溶金能力,使浸出率降低。研究了原矿经粗磨-磁选后易泥化矿物的分布,对云南某金铁氧化矿采用"粗磨-分类磁选-分组氰化浸出"的新工艺,有效减少了次生矿泥的生成,与"细磨-氰化浸出-磁选"的传统工艺相比,金浸出率由85.26%提高到93.05%,铁精矿回收率由41.20%提高到70.86%。     

Vanadium recovery from stone coal through roasting and flotation

A new process for vanadium recovery from stone coal by roasting–flotation was investigated based on the mineralogy. The process comprised four key steps: decarburization, preferential grinding, desliming and flotation. In the decarburization stage, roasting at 550 °C effectively avoided the negative effect of the carbonaceous materials in raw ore and generation of free CaO from calcite decomposition during roasting. Through preferential grinding, the high acid-consuming minerals were enriched in the middle fractions, while mica was enriched in the fine and coarse fractions. Through flotation, the final concentrate can be obtained with V₂O₅ grade of 1.07% and recovery of 83.30%. Moreover, the vanadium leaching rate of the final concentrate increased 13.53% compared to that of the feed. The results reveal that the decarburization by roasting at 550 °C is feasible and has little negative impact on mica flotation, and vanadium recovery from stone coal is conducive to reducing handling quantity, acid consumption and production cost.     

盐酸蒸馏-磷酸三丁酯萃取法从锗煤烟尘中综合回收锗和镓

先采用二氧化锰氧化-盐酸蒸馏提取煤烟尘中的锗,经提纯后制备得到高纯二氧化锗,同时煤烟尘中的镓在蒸馏过程中充分溶解到了锗蒸馏残渣液中,过滤后镓和蒸馏后残留的锗进入到了蒸馏残液中,调节蒸馏残液的酸度至5.6mol/L,采用磷酸三丁酯的260#溶剂油溶液对镓进行萃取,蒸馏残液中的少量锗亦被同时萃取进入到有机相中,用氢氧化钠溶液进行反萃取,反萃取完后调节pH至6.5~6.7,升温至85~95℃水解,得到氢氧化镓沉淀和二氧化锗沉淀,经过滤烘干后得到含锗镓精矿。锗的蒸馏回收率可达到92.37%以上,残液中锗的萃取率可达到86.18%以上;镓的盐酸浸出率可达81.23%以上,镓的磷酸三丁酯萃取率可达98.81%以上,反萃取率可达99.11%以上,中和沉淀直收率可达93.20%以上;工艺方法具有工艺流程简短、设备简单、过程易于控制,所用生产辅料较少,是一种从煤烟尘中综合回收锗和镓的高效且经济的方法。     

IMPROVED LEACHING METHOD AND KINETICS OF MANGANESE CARBONATE ORE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

ＩＭＰＲＯＶＥＤＬＥＡＣＨＩＮＧＭＥＴＨＯＤＡＮＤＫＩＮＥＴＩＣＳＯＦＭＡＮＧＡＮＥＳＥＣＡＲＢＯＮＡＴＥＯＲＥＡＴＲＯＯＭＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＹｕａｎＭｉｎｇｌｉａｎｇ；ＭｅｉＸｉａｎｇｏｎｇ；ＣｈｅｎＪｉｎ；ＺｈｕａｎｇＪｉａｎｍｉｎｇ（Ｄｅｐ...     

硫脲碳浆法处理浮选金精矿工艺研究

针对辽宁某地区浮选金精矿采用硫脲碳浆工艺进行研究,并对各种影响因素进行了实验,提出了硫脲碳浆法处理浮选金精矿提金的工艺方案.结果表明,金的浸出率达87.31%,吸附率为98.78%.该项技术具有浸取和吸附时间短,没有环境污染等优点,为工业应用提供技术依据.     

Separation of alumina and silica from metakaolinite by reduction roasting−alkaline leaching process: Effect of CaSO4 and CaO

Limestone (CaCO₃), which could promote sulfur fixation, was added to coal gangue during roasting in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. CaO and CaSO₄ were the main Ca-bearing minerals while metakaolinite was the major Al-bearing mineral in CFB slag. The effect of CaSO₄ and CaO on the separation of alumina and silica from metakaolinite by reduction roasting?alkaline leaching process was studied. Results showed that metakaolinite was completely converted into hercynite and silica solid solutions (i.e., quartz and cristobalite solid solutions) by reduction roasting with hematite. More than 95% of silica in the reduced specimen was removed by alkaline leaching. The addition of CaSO₄ and CaO remarkably decreased the separation efficiency of alumina and silica in metakaolinite, which could be attributed to the formation of Si-bearing minerals: (1) Fayalite and anorthite were formed during the reduction roasting process; (2) Fayalite was stable while anorthite was converted into sodalite and wollastonite during the alkaline leaching process. This study demonstrates that sulfur in coal gangue should be fixed by treating the exhaust gas instead of controlling the combustion process of CFB to achieve the comprehensive recovery of silica and alumina from the CFB slag.     

膜生物反应器浸出镍钼矿

采用对钼有一定耐受性的嗜热金属硫叶菌结合膜反应器浸出镍钼矿。结果表明：由于膜生物反应器（MBR）中膜的过滤作用,使浸出液中的钼浓度保持在该菌可以耐受的范围内,从而实现细菌对矿物相对高效的浸出。在矿浆浓度100mg/L、通气量1.0L/min下,将MBR浸出液中钼被控制在不同浓度,镍、钼的浸出率各不相同。当MBR浸出液中钼的浓度不超过395mg/L时,镍和钼的浸出率达到79.57%和56.23%;而在相同条件下的柱浸,镍、钼浸出率为75.59%和54.33%,低于相同条件下MBR浸出。     

绢云母对黄铜矿微生物浸出的影响

采用以Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans为主的混合菌,研究绢云母对微生物浸出黄铜矿的影响。结果表明,铜的浸出率随着绢云母粒度的减小而增加,随着绢云母质量分数的增加而呈先升高后降低的趋势。在添加粒度为-33μm、质量分数为5.0%的绢云母时,铜的最高浸出率为54.88%,比不添加绢云母时的铜浸出率提高了约12%,表明绢云母能促进黄铜矿的微生物浸出。绢云母的加入可使浸出体系pH值降低,最终pH值低于1.22。在浸出过程中,新生成的物质主要是铵黄铁矾,它覆盖于黄铜矿的表面,对微生物浸出铜有一定的阻碍作用。     

Comparison on the leaching kinetics of chalcocite and pyrite with or without bacteria

The acid leaching, ferric leaching, and bioleaching of chalcocite and pyrite minerals were conducted in two sets of 3L stirred reactors. The dissolution rates of copper and iron were correlated with leaching conditions. In the acid leaching process, the dissolution rate of chalcocite was around 40wt.% while that of pyrite was less than 4%. In the ferric leaching process with high ferric concentration, only 10 wt.% of iron in pyrite was leached out at the same retention time though the copper recovery over 60 wt.% in chalcocite. For the bioleaching process, the chalcocite leaching rate was highly increased, nearly 90 wt.% of copper was leached out, and the iron dissolution of pyrite exceeded 70 wt.%. For the two minerals, the bioleaching shows the highest leaching rate compared with the acid leaching or ferric leaching. In uncontrolled bioleaching process, pyrite could be dissolved effectively. The experimental data were fitted to the shrinking core and particle model. The results show that in all the leaching tests, the chalcocite leaching was mainly controlled by diffusion, while for the pyrite leaching, chemical reaction is the main rate-determining step.     

报废银钨触头回收银和钨的工艺研究

银钨合金触点是重要的电接触材料,报废银钨触点中银钨的分离和资源化问题引起了越来越多的重视.以报废银钨触头为原料,提出了“一次分银-焙烧-二次分银”的回收工艺,考察了银钨分离的工艺条件,通过实践验证了其可靠性,银、钨的回收率达到99％以上.回收得到的银和钨可分别深加工成粒度为0.3～0.6 μm的超细银粉和纯净的WO3产...     

Adsorption behavior and mechanism of cadmium on strong-acid cation exchange resin

The adsorption behavior of Cd2+ on 001×7 strong-acid cation exchange resin was studied with the static adsorption method. The adsorption process was analyzed from thermodynamics and kinetics aspects. The influences of experimental parameters such as pH, temperature, initial concentration and adsorption rate were investigated. The experimental results show that in the studied concentration range, 001×7 resin has a good sorption ability for Cd2+, and the equilibrium adsorption data fit to Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption is an exothermic process which runs spontaneously. Kinetic analysis shows that the adsorption rate is mainly governed by liquid film diffusion. The best adsorption condition is pH 4-5. The saturated resin can be regenerated by 3 mol/L nitric acid, and the desorption efficiency is over 98%. The maximal static saturated adsorption capacity is 355 mg/g (wet resin) at 293 K. The adsorption mechanism of Cd2+ on 001×7 resin was discussed based on IR spectra.