IC卡在实验室管理中的应用

借助校园网资源,系统论述了IC卡在实验室管理中的应用所需的系统构成－－IC卡,读写器,PC机,一卡多用技术的实现,IC卡使用维护,IC卡的技术安全等,列举IC卡在实验室管理中的常用应用,IC卡门锁,上机上网管理,IC卡物品领用等。     

IC卡:电子商务基石

近几年,随着国际电子商务的迅速发展,IC卡在中国的应用也随之普及开来,它被广泛应用于写字楼、酒店、机场、社区、企业等场合。从IC卡的种类来划分,有条码卡、OCR卡、接触式IC卡、非接触式IC卡、激光卡等。但接触式IC卡和非接触式IC卡是主流卡,其中非接触式IC卡将随着技术的发展,逐渐成为应用最广泛的一种卡。1月20日,由国家金卡办主办的中国智能卡技术与应用论坛在京隆重举行,来自国内外的IC卡专家共同探讨IC卡的各项标准制定及IC卡的技术发展,记者借此机会采访了世界知名IC卡专业技术生产商瑞士LEGIC公司总经理Guy Petignat先生、LEGIC特许授权商仪创科     

IC卡应用技术讲座（一）

本刊在98年5月号上刊登了“单片机家庭新成员——IC卡”一文后,收到不少读者来信,询问有关IC卡应用系统开发和使用的问题。为满足广大读者熟悉和使用IC卡的需求,自本期起开辟“IC卡应用技术讲座”,较系统地讨论IC卡应用系统开发、制作和使用方面的问题。内容将着重于IC卡应用系统开发、使用中的实际问题和经验,兼顾理论和原理探讨。希望有兴趣的读者关注这一栏目,并及时将您的要求和意见反馈给我们,以便更好地满足您的需要。讲座内容包括:IC卡的种类和特性;典型的IC卡应用系统;IC卡开发和制作环境;怎样对IC卡编程和使用;IC卡数据安全和加密方法;智能IC卡操作系统及应用;IC卡开发实例等。     

IC卡在交通信息管理系统中的应用

文中介绍了IC卡的技术性能,强调了IC卡的数据安全性,着重介绍了用于交通管理信息系统的IC卡和IC卡交通信息管理系统的数据安全管理,同时也指出了IC卡的应用前景。     

IC卡应用技术讲座（三）

第三讲 IC卡开发和制作环境 IC卡是携带应用信息和数据的媒体,空白IC卡是不能立即使用的,必须对IC卡应用系统进行开发和编程。系统中使用的IC卡,要在发卡处进行个人化,写入系统IC卡和个人密码,个人专用信息和应用数据。这就要在银行登记购买金融卡,输入个人密码,姓名等标识,交费并记帐。在IC卡使     

IC卡在银行应用模式初探

信用卡从物理结构上划分,可以分为磁卡和IC卡两大类.作为信用卡的一种新业务载体,IC卡有诸多的优点:安全、防伪性好、容量大、寿命长、可脱机处理等.IC卡必将成为未来信用卡发展的方向.一 IC卡的应用范围IC卡是集成电路卡的简称,也有人称其为灵巧卡、芯片卡或智能卡.IC卡是继磁卡之后的新一代数据卡,磁卡之所以要被IC卡所替代,是因为磁卡在应用中存在两个比较     

IC卡应用技术讲座（七）

智能IC卡操作系统及其应用前几讲我们讨论了IC卡的基本原理、结构、IC卡的开发环境和开发基本步骤。但是把IC卡技术应用于现代管理中,组成一个IC卡应用环境并不是太容易的事。需要综合运用上面讨论过的IC卡知识和有关数据库的知识,来创建面向具体应用对象的应用环境。本讲中以北方工业大学校医院IC管理系统为背景,讨论在IC卡应用系统设计中所涉及的实际问题和处理方案。     

一种基于Mifare卡的射频读写器的设计与实现

非接触式IC卡技术,成功地将射频识别技术和IC卡技术结合起来.其中非接触式IC卡读卡器是非接触式IC卡技术应用的关键之一.文中介绍的非接触式IC卡读卡器是以射频识别技术为基础.以MIFARE卡作为非接触式IC卡读卡器识别对象.根据1S01443A协议,采用非接触式IC卡读写芯片(Phililzs)MFRC500和AT89C52单片机来设计,简要介绍了非接触式IC卡内部结构和工作原理.读写器芯片MFRC500的主要特性和内部结构,详细阐述了非接触式IC卡读卡器硬件电路和软件开发,该读卡器性能稳定,功耗低,抗干扰能力强,读写距离可达100mm.     

’97中国金卡工程暨IC卡应用研讨会公布——我IC卡发放六千万

12月3日,在由国家金卡工程协调领导小组办公室主办的’97中国金卡工程暨IC卡应用研讨会上,国家金卡工程办公室主任张琪宣布,截止今年底我国国内IC卡发卡量将达6000万张 ,其中绝大部分为非银行IC卡,银行IC卡约200万张。据介绍,目前我国IC卡生产主要引进国外的后道封装制卡生产线和IC卡模块生产线,其中,引进后道封装制卡生产线31条,年生产能力达1.5亿张;IC卡模块生产     

培育、规范、发展我国IC卡的应用与市场

当前,IC卡应用正成为我国信息化新的热点,IC卡相关产业的发展正成为信息产业发展的一个新的增长点.如何培育、规范、发展我国IC卡的应用与市场?笔者认为,应该在培育IC卡应用与市场中加以规范化;在规范IC卡应用与市场中加以发展;在发展IC卡应用与市场中增强自主开发和自我创新能力,带动相关产业的发展,从而使我国IC卡的应用与市场相互促进,共同协调发展.     

OWA aggregation of intuitionistic fuzzy sets

We recall the concept of an intuitionistic fuzzy subset (IFS). Fundamental to an IFS is the fact that it is defined using two values, a degree of membership and degree of non-membership. The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator is introduced and several of its features are described. Particularly notable is the idea of the dual of an OWA operator. We next discuss the aggregation of a collection of IFS using a prescribed OWA operator. It is shown that while the aggregation of the degrees of membership is performed using the prescribed OWA operator, the aggregation of the degrees of non-membership requires use of the dual of the prescribed OWA operator. The Choquet integral aggregation operator is introduced and applied to the aggregation of IFSs. Here again the concept of the dual is needed to perform the aggregation of the degrees of non-membership. We also discuss the aggregation of IFSs using the Sugeno integral. Fundamental to this work is our realisation of the importance of the concept of the dual operators in dealing with the aggregation of IFS.     

Computer simulation studies of recombination of ions in multi ion-pair ensembles—I. Diffusion-controlled processes

The problem of the diffusion-controlled recombination of ions for the case in which initially two or more non-separable pairs of oppositely charged ions are present in the system is treated by means of a computer simulation method.In the first part of the project, the calculations were performed for the media with the short mean free path of the free movement of ions between scattering events, i.e. for the conditions of the diffusion model of the ion transport. The movement of an ion is simulated by a superposition of random walk and drift in the electric field of all the other ions in the system. Thus, the calculations belong to the class of stochastic dynamics methods.The simulations assumed the partition of an ion ensemble into small independent clusters of up to ten ion pairs. Results were obtained on the probability of ion survival as a function of time and the probability of ion escape from recombination at infinite time. The scale of the deviations of the kinetics of the recombination process in the multi-pair clusters from the kinetics for the isolated pairs was estimated. Another series of the computer experiments simulate diffusion-controlled recombination (annihilation) of ions in model supersaturated solutions with different concentrations of ionic solutes and different dielectric constant of the solutions. The simulations yield the ion survival probability as a function of time and allow us to calculate the rate constant of the ion recombination as a function of the ion concentration.     

Computation tool for assessing the probability characteristics of the stress state of the pipeline part defected by pitting corrosion

One of the factors affecting the life-time of the main pipelines is their susceptibility to different types of corrosion. A common type of pipeline corrosion is pitting corrosion which is a form of localized corrosion – a random process occurring in a certain section of the pipeline, leading to walls thinning under the influence of the external environment. Such a change in the pipeline geometry accompanied by a significant change in the local stress–strain state leads to a large number of emergencies.This work deals with the analysis of probability characteristics of the stress–strain state arising in the areas damaged by pitting corrosion. To determine the parameters of the stress–strain state the finite element method is used. The pipe material is modeled as elastoplastic with a bilinear diagram of plasticity.Pitting corrosion is modeled as a set of randomly positioned half-spheres with the same radius subtracted from the volume of the pipe. Coordinates of pitting defects centers obey to a uniform probability density function (PDF). Using this approach we take into account the mutual influence of defects on the pipe stress–strain state.A special macro was developed to determine the parameters of the stress–strain state of the corroded pipe. It allows performing automatic calculation and processing of the data for pitting corrosion defects. Parameters of the PDF of stress concentration factor depending on the radius of the defect were determined in accordance with the results of simulation. The kernel density estimation and generalized extreme value distribution was chosen as PDF approximation on the basis of the conditions of the Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem. The change of the PDF shape was investigated for different defect radii. The coefficient of variation, mean and standard deviation of stress concentration factor as function of defect radii were studied as well as reliability function of the pipe part was obtained using the criterion of plastic deformation occurrence.     

Soil-structure interaction and effect of axial force on the dynamics of offshore structures

The offshore structures are flexible systems subjected to various types of loadings. The heavy gravitational loads on the top decks, wind and water wave pressures acting on the platforms are transferred to the soil through the piles or mat foundations. Under the vibration, the variation in the pore pressures induces additional effects on the embedded part of the piles. The effect of the soil-structure interaction on the dynamics of the structure is taken into account as the deformations of the soil caused by the motion of the structure which in turn modify the response of the structure. The effect of the axial forces, within the individual members, on the vibration of the structure is included in the formulation. The dynamic stiffness matrix of the members are developed by considering the actual mass distribution and the effect of the axial force of the members. For the members embedded into soil, the soil reactions and the skin frictions are also considered as continuously varying over the members. Therefore, the equations of motion are satisfied along any infinitesimal element of the members. The new formulation is introduced in the general purpose computer code STDYNL, then the sensitivity of the overall dynamic response of the deep water platforms to the variation of the soil characteristics and to the effect of the axial forces of the members are investigated.     

一种实用的LCD驱动电路的硬件设计

本文介绍一种实用的段码式LCD驱动电路的硬件设计。文章先分析了液晶显示器(LCD)的显示原理和液晶显示材料的特性,继而给出了LCD驱动电路的电路图,该电路无需软件驱动程序,易于在大规模或超大规模集成电路中实现。然后用Hspice和Verilog_xl两种仿真工具分别对该电路的COM端口和SEG端口进行了功能验证并给出了仿真波形和晶体管的设计参数(W/L)。从模拟验证的结果看,该电路的设计符合了LCD的驱动要求。     

基于深度相机的手腕识别与掌心估测

目的当手和手臂都进入深度相机所设定的有效深度范围时,它们将被作为一个整体来提取,若处理时也把它们作为一个整体,这可能会影响手势交互的一些重要算法,如掌心估测、手朝向估测、手的跟踪等。掌心是手势交互中较为稳定的点,掌心与手簇中心的连线常被用来估测手的朝向。因此提高掌心估测算法的性能有助于提高手势交互的整体性能。方法为了有效地分割手与手臂,从分析手腕的运动特征和手的轮廓特点入手,并利用内切矩形的几何特征,提出手腕识别算法;为了提高掌心估测的性能,从手势交互的特点入手,分析了锐角三角形和最大内切圆的几何特征,提出新的掌心估测算法。结果本文算法在空气多点触摸系统中进行了实验,新的掌心估测算法较之原算法在性能上提高了近7倍,且仍然能保持掌心坐标的稳定性,坐标偏差不大于3个像素。同时手腕识别算法的引入也提高了掌心估测的准确性。结论实验结果表明,手腕识别算法能较好地分割出手与手臂,新的掌心估测算法能很好地支持实时交互。     

A tool for computing computer network reliability

The computation of the reliability of a computer network is one of the important tasks of evaluating its performance. The idea of minimal paths can be used to determine the network reliability. This paper presents an algorithm for finding the minimal paths of a given network in terms of its links. Then, it presents an algorithm for calculating the reliability of the network in terms of the probabilities of success of the links of its minimal paths. The algorithm is based on a relation that uses the probabilities of the unions of the minimal paths of the network to obtain the network reliability. Also, the paper describes a tool that has been built for calculating the reliability of a given network. The tool has two main phases: the minimal paths generation phase, and the reliability computation phase. The first phase accepts the links of the network and their probabilities, then implements the first proposed algorithm to determine its minimal paths. The second phase implements the second proposed algorithm to calculate the network reliability. The results of using the tool to calculate the reliability of an example network are given.     

柔性密封条截面误差自动视觉测量方法

目的 在柔性密封条误差测量过程中,密封条容易弯曲且形变较大,直接匹配精度较低,测量误差大。针对此问题,提出了一种新的柔性密封条截面误差自动视觉测量方法。方法 通过两步图像轮廓配准来获取测量图段和设计图段之间的匹配关系,然后进行误差度量和质量检验。1）通过基于多分辨率的轮廓角点提取算法提取出密封条轮廓的角点,然后基于最小化均方误差的思想进行穷举搜索,计算初始配准结果,再使用线性回归进行微调进一步提高初始配准结果;2）利用形状描述子进行局部轮廓配准,进一步获得两张轮廓图之间的精确局部配准结果;3）进行不同类型的误差定量计算和结果对比,主要测量的误差类型包括点偏移误差、点极限距离误差和角度位置误差等形位误差。结果 对密封条进行了逐步轮廓配准和多种误差测量,并在实际生产中进行了测试。实验结果表明,该系统配准结果好,测量精度高。该系统测量精度远高于密封条测量系统精度标准0.2 mm,且系统检测结果与实际人工检测结果完全一致,能有效促进柔性密封条自动化检测的发展。结论 提出了一种新的柔性密封条截面误差自动视觉测量方法,该系统具有良好的稳定性和可靠性,能有效进行柔性产品误差测量和质量检验。     

The MISCAN simulation program for the evaluation of screening for disease

The computer program MISCAN is developed for use in evaluation of mass screening for disease. The program uses Monte Carlo simulation. It produces output on the results of screening projects and on the effects of screening on morbidity and mortality on the individual and population level. The calculations are based on models of the natural history of the disease and of the impact of screening on the natural history. The approach is such that considerable flexibility exists in specifying the structure of the model and its parameters. The program consists of two parts. The DISEASE part can be used for simulating the epidemiology of the disease when no screening is taking place; it requires input on the population and on the disease process. The SCREENING part is to be used in combination with the DISEASE part. It is intended for simulation of the results and effects of a screening project. It requires input on the properties of the screening tests, the consequences of early detection by screening, and the policy (ages and intervals between screens) of the project. MISCAN can be used for finding model assumptions regarding the disease process and the impact of screening that give a good explanation of the observed results of a screening project. Such an analysis proceeds in two steps. First, MISCAN is used to calculate simulated results of the project, based on specific assumptions. Next, these results are tested against the observed results, in order to assess the acceptability of the assumptions. MISCAN can also be used for optimization of the screening policy by simulating the cost and benefit components of a large number of different screening policies.     

线结构光光条中心提取算法

目的 线结构光视觉测量是一种利用可控光源和数字图像的主动视觉测量方法,光条中心提取是线结构光视觉测量的关键技术,直接影响到线结构光视觉测量的精度。传统灰度重心法只在图像的横向或纵向上计算光条的灰度重心,没有考虑光条的法线方向,精度较低。本文提出一种改进的光条中心提取算法,以期实现光条中心的精确提取。方法 在分析线结构光的光条灰度特性基础上,基于传统的灰度重心法,提出一种改进的两步提取算法。基于图像差分法从原始图像中分离出有效的线结构光光条,采用传统灰度重心法对光条中心进行粗提取;在粗提取的光条中心点处通过自定义的方向模板确定光条的法线方向,以粗提取的光条中心点为中心,沿法线方向采用灰度重心法进行二次提取,获取线结构光光条的中心。结果 本文采用CCD相机、镜头、线激光器及辅助机构搭建线结构光视觉系统,采用提出的算法对线激光器投影产生的直线型光条、非连续光条和弯曲光条的中心进行提取。通过光条中心提取实验获取的光条中心线的走向与光条的走向大致相同,符合预期的光条中心线。本文将Steger法作为评价标准,分别计算本文算法、传统灰度重心法与Steger法提取的光条中心的偏差,通过对比实验可知,本文算法提取的光条中心的偏差更小,并且程序运行时间比Steger法减少了3 s以上。结论 本文研究线结构光的光条中心提取算法,对传统灰度重心法进行改进,能够实现直线型光条、非连续光条和弯曲光条等不同形状光条的亚像素级中心提取,并且在保证较少的程序运行时间的同时,能够提高传统灰度重心法的光条中心提取精度。