大熊猫“松松”六月十八日迟迟发情

重庆动物园的雌性大熊猫“松松”在1986年9月25日顺利产下2仔后成活1仔,1987年2月15日断奶。到发情季节(3～5月上旬)仍未发情,直到6月18日才出现咩叫声,戏水,擦阴部等发情行为,19日即达发情高峰,表现为主动追随雄性大熊猫或用竹杆摩擦外阴,22日基本消失。此间因雄性熊猫发情期已过,进行了三次人工输精。这是目前有记载的人工饲养下大熊猫发情最迟日期。大熊猫“松松”六月十八日迟迟发情$重庆动物园@赵观禄     

大熊猫的人工繁殖

大熊猫是正濒于绝灭边缘的珍稀动物。近几年来许多国家的科学工作者在人工繁殖大熊猫方面作了不少工作。我国自1963年起先后在北京、成都、上海、杭州、昆明等动物园繁殖大熊猫成功。1979年和1980年北京及成都动物园分别用人工授精和冷冻精液人工授精繁殖大熊猫获得成功。1983年福州动物园以成都动物园熊猫精液的冷冻颗粒,带回福州进行两次人工授精,两月后妊娠检查呈阳性反应,解决了人工繁殖大熊猫的精液来源问题。根据成都动物园的大熊猫——“美美”和“果果”在先后繁殖5胎中所得到的经验介绍于下:般雌兽5.5岁开始发情。“果果”的发情与…     

首例大熊猫秋季发情、配种、产仔

本文记录一只因环境、饲料等因素改变而2001年春季未能发情的雌性大熊猫,于秋季9月中旬发情,并与另一只同期发情的公熊猫自然交配,当年冬季12月17日成功产仔的这一世界首例圈养大熊猫秋季发情配种的行为表现和配种经过,并对该大熊猫秋季发情的原因作了分析。     

成都动物园大熊猫养仔有突破

对野外大熊猫的产仔、育幼,至今仍是一知半解。大熊猫在人工饲养下的配种难,受孕率低,雌兽育幼也差,截至1990年9月7日发稿时止,在世界范围内,大熊猫共产仔79胎次,幼仔119只,成活至3岁以上的共计20只,1—3岁的4只,16—76天的3只。过去大熊猫雌兽无论一胎产一仔或是二仔,一般只能带活一仔,甚至一仔也带不活,如压死,窒息死,带不好生病致死等,更没有二仔同时吃过一天初乳的。成都动物园和成都大熊猫繁育研究基地饲养繁殖的雌性大熊猫“庆庆”,于1989年4.5岁时用激素诱导排卵,受孕产仔养活后,今年5月6日和7日发情,进行了自然交配和冷冻精液人工授…     

卧龙迎来又一个大熊猫丰收年

据9月来自卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心的消息,2005年卧龙圈养大熊猫产11胎,出生幼仔16只,至今全部存活。据悉,今年全球大熊猫产仔情况是：国内,成都大熊猫繁育研究基地产1胎1仔成活,北京动物园产1胎2仔未成活,陕西濒危动物抢救饲养研究中心产1胎2仔成活1只;国外,美国华盛顿动物园和圣地亚哥动物园的大熊猫分别产1胎1仔成活,日本和歌山野生动物园大熊猫产1胎2仔成活1只。今年中国保护大熊猫研究中心的大熊猫产仔情况预示着卧龙迎来了又一个大熊猫的丰收年．     

圈养大熊猫发情期间行为变化和活动节律研究

在发情期,对动物行为时间分配和活动节律的认识将有助于濒危动物繁育质量的提高。大熊猫为季节性单次发情动物,雄性发情期可持续30 d左右,而雌性大熊猫为几天至十几天,高峰期仅为1~3 d,且有与雄性不同步发情的现象。因此,进行发情期行为学方面的研究则显得尤为重要。采用瞬时扫描取样法和全事件记录法,于2013年3月1日—4月30日对成都大熊猫繁育研究基地的8只发情期大熊猫进行行为时间变化和活动节律研究,每只每周记录2 d数据。结果表明:休息行为是发情期最主要的行为方式(雄性约46%,雌性约53%),其次是摄食和运动行为,而探究、求适和发情行为则较少,发情行为主要出现在00∶00—03∶00、09∶00—11∶00和15∶00—17∶00等3个时段,可配对交配;发情期雌雄个体在休息、求适、运动和发情行为上的差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),在探究行为上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在摄食行为上的差异则无统计学意义;且发情、探究行为与运动行为呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。对发情期圈养大熊猫昼夜活动行为的研究将为大熊猫的人工繁育及其配种提供行为学方面的理论依据。     

利用阴道粘液电阻值进行大熊猫排卵监测的研究初报

对５只大熊猫发情配种期间阴道粘液电阻值进行了检测,结果发现４只发情表现正常的大熊猫发情配种期阴道粘液电阻值呈现相似的Ｖ字形变化曲线,Ｖ形曲线的谷底所代表时期恰好与尿雌酮峰值期吻合,其中３只大熊猫于秋后产仔,结果提示测定大熊猫发情配种期间阴道粘液电阻值可有效用于监测排卵,具有良好的应用前景。     

利用阴道粘液电阻值进行大熊猫排卵

对5只大熊猫发情配种期间阴道粘液电阻值进行了检测,结果发现4只发情表现正常的大熊猫发情配种期阴道粘液电阻值呈现相似的V字形变化曲线,V形曲线的谷底所代表时期恰好与尿雌酮峰值期吻合,其中3只大熊猫于秋后产仔,结果提示测定大熊猫发情配种期间阴道粘液电阻值可有效用于监测排卵,具有良好的应用前景。     

雌性大熊猫发情期尿中17β—雌二醇与孕酮水平的变化及其与配种的关系

本文用放射免疫法测定了3头雌性大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)发情期尿中17β-雌二醇与孕酮水平的变化。大熊猫的发情行为与尿中17β-雌二醇浓度的变化密切相关。发情期中,随着孕酮水平下降的同时雌二醇水平却迅速上升并达峰值(28.2—65.5毫微克/毫克肌酐),然后再下降到基础水平。性活动最强烈的日期发生在17β-雌二醇最高峰值的当天或峰后一天。在雌二醇峰后,尿中孕酮水平逐步升高,发情后期的孕酮平均值显著高于发情前期(P<0.01)。本实验中,3头大熊猫均妊娠,说明自然交配或人工授精的适宜时间可根据雌性大熊猫尿中17β-雌二醇的监测予以确定。     

秦岭野生大熊猫繁殖生态的初步研究

１９８３－１９９０年,调查研究了秦岭野生大熊猫的发情期与发情交配行为,产仔期和产仔育幼洞穴的选择。发现发情期一年中有两个时期,好１－４分和６－９月份,产仔育幼洞穴为海拔１８００米左右的阳坡天然石洞。     

雪豹饲养与繁殖的初步研究

雪豹(Panthera uncia Schreber)是典型的高山动物,终年生活在气候寒冷、光照充足、海拔3200-5300米的高寒山区。我国主要分布在青海、西藏、新疆、甘肃、四川等省区。现已列为我国一类保护动物。 据世界动物园年刊统计,1967年以前,在全世界33个动物园中供观赏的雪豹共有46只(不包括我国数字),其中仅有15只是在人工饲养条件下出生的(苏联考纳斯动物园,1968)。1983年我国各地动物园供观赏的雪豹共35只。尽管在北京、上海、大连、银川、烟台、乌鲁木齐、西宁等7个动物园中均有雌雄配对的雪豹,但繁殖问题一直未获解决。     

Scent-marking in captive red pandas (Ailurus fulgens)

Three male and three female captive red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) were observed during and outside of the breeding season to examine changes in scent-marking behavior. Variation in scent-marking was analyzed with respect to site preferences, sex differences, onset of breeding, behavioral correlates, and environmental factors. Both males and females exhibited significant preferences for particular marking sites, those being prominent points in the enclosures. Males showed significantly higher scent-marking frequencies than females, except in one enclosure where increased marking behavior was associated with the presence of young. Sexual dimorphism in the pattern of marking was also observed, with males showing a bidirectional mark and females a unidirectional mark. Female marking was greater during the breeding season. Sniffing and number of waddles per mark were associated with scent-marking. Temperature change was not related to frequency of scent-marking. These results are compared with scent-marking behaviors in other species of carnivores and functional explanations are suggested.     

Sociosexual behavior of a free-ranging Cebuella pygmaea (Callitrichidae,platyrrhini) troop during postpartum estrus of its reproductive female

The sociosexual behavior of a free-ranging Cebuella pygmaea troop containing two adult males was studied throughout a postpartum periestrous period of its reproductive female. A clear-cut male-initiated six-day behavioral estrous period occurred from the 13th through 18th day postpartum, with a two-day peak of mating activity on the 15th and 16th days. Both adult males attempted to mate with the female, but the dominant male maintained exclusive mating access to her by guarding behavior and aggression toward the subordinate male. Estrus-related changes in the daily activity pattern included constant following of the female by the male, increased huddling and grooming between the consorts, a decrease in infant carrying, and suppression of insect foraging in the consorting male. Behaviors seen only during the periestrous period included genital presenting by the female, intensive licking and sniffing of her genitalia by the males, female-guarding by the dominant male, anogenital scent-marking on the male's body by the female, tongue protrusion and “tongue vibrating” by the male, and copulations, play chasing, and “consort walking” by the couple. Within the Callitrichidae, genital presenting and tongue vibrating in sexual context have been observed only in Cebuella.     

Characterization of the oestrous cycle and mating season of squirrel monkeys from copulatory behaviour.

Observations of the behaviour of squirrel monkeys, including 8 opposite-sex pairs during daily 30-min social encounters and 2 mixed-sex permanent groups during daily 30-min observation sessions, over a 14-month period were used to determine the periodicity of the oestrous cycle and annual mating season. The median and modal length of the oestrous cycle was 8 days, within which copulations were limited to a 1--2 day period. In a cyclic female, plasma progesterone levels over a 24-day period dropped from 85--151 ng/ml to 25 ng/ml 2 days before oestrus. In non-cyclic females plasma progesterone values were less than 15-4 ng/ml. Males exhibited a 6-8--19-7 week 'season' of copulation and ejaculation. The onset of this 'mating season' in August coincided with the annual peak in male body weight (the 'fatted male' phenomenon).     

温度与聚群对三种仔兽热能代谢的影响

仔兽出生以前,是在相对稳定而安全的母兽子宫内生活的,出生以后,仔兽的营养条件与环境温度即起了根本的变化。新生仔兽是如何适应新环境的?仔兽在新环境中的生活能力怎样?环境温度与食物条件对新生仔兽的存活率、生长与发育的影响如何?环境温度和聚群行为与能量代谢的关系怎样?这是一系列的基础理论问题,尤其是毛皮动物饲养业所关心的实际问题。     

臭氧处理对圈养大熊猫食用竹笋的保鲜

<正>竹笋是大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)最为喜爱的天然食物。竹笋相对于竹叶和竹茎含水量更丰富,粗纤维含量更低,适口性更好;大宗养分、微量元素、必需氨基酸等含量丰富(周昂等,1996;唐平等,1997;周材权等,1997),而丹宁等具有微毒性的次生代谢物含量却最少(赵晓红等,2001),更利于大熊猫对生活必需营养的吸收     

大熊猫生殖生物学研究:Ⅰ.大熊猫发情期血清和尿液中促黄体素、孕酮和17β-雌二醇含量的变化

作者用放射免疫法和生物测定法对4只大熊猫发情期血清和尿液中的促黄体素、孕酮和17β-雌二醇的含量进行分析。结果表明:3只大熊猫在发情高峰期均出现雌二醇和促黄体素高峰;LH峰值出现在E_2峰值之后。根据雌兽在发情期血清和尿液中这二种激素含量的变化可为选择人工授精的最佳时间提供可靠的理论依据。     

高温对稻褐飞虱发育与生殖的影响

通过高温处理及交配产卵实验,探讨了高温对稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)发育与生殖的影响。研究了不同高温条件对褐飞虱若虫发育历期、产卵量、产卵前期、寿命等生物学特性的影响。34℃以上高温导致褐飞虱若虫发育历期延长。高温处理4龄若虫使羽化后的雌成虫产卵量减少。高温处理不同日龄雌成虫也致使其产卵量减少,其中以1日龄短翅型、3日龄长翅型的产卵量影响最大。高温处理后褐飞虱寿命缩短。高温恒温处理,对短翅型雌成虫的产卵前期影响不大,但能延长长翅型雌成虫的产卵前期;而高温变温处理致使短、长翅型雌成虫的产卵前期均延长。高温变温对褐飞虱生殖的影响程度大于高温恒温。高温处理组雌、雄成虫与对照组相应的成虫交配试验表明,高温对雌性的影响大于雄性。实验初步确定34℃为对褐飞虱发育与生殖产生影响的临界温度。     

Intermittent fasting during winter and spring affects body composition and reproduction of a migratory duck

We compared food intake, body mass and body composition of male and female black ducks (Anas rubripes) during winter (January-March). Birds were fed the same complete diet ad libitum on consecutive days each week without fasting (control; nine male; nine female) or with either short fasts (2 day x week(-1); nine male; nine female), or long fasts (4 day x week(-1); eleven male; twelve female). We continued treatments through spring (March-May) to measure the effect of intermittent fasts on body mass and egg production. Daily food intake of fasted birds was up to four times that of unfasted birds. Weekly food intake of males was similar among treatments (364 g x kg(-1) x week(-1)) but fasted females consumed more than unfasted females in January (363 g x kg(-1) x week(-1) vs. 225 g x kg(-1) x week(-1)). Although both sexes lost 10-14% body mass, fasted females lost less mass and lipid than unfasted females during winter. Total body nitrogen was conserved over winter in both sexes even though the heart and spleen lost mass while the reproductive tract and liver gained mass. Intermittent fasting increased liver, intestinal tissue and digesta mass of females but not of males. Fasting delayed egg production in spring but did not affect size, fertility or hatching of the clutch. Females on long fasts were still heavier than controls after laying eggs. Thus black ducks combine flexibility of food intake with plasticity of digestive tract, liver and adipose tissue when food supply is interrupted during winter. Females modulate body mass for survival and defer reproduction when food supply is interrupted in spring.     

雄性大熊猫配种期的性行为观察

本文通过对西安动物园大熊猫雄兽弯弯于１９８６－１９９１年与３只雌兽相继本交,爬跨３３次,交配２１次,产５胎,获６仔,育成６仔的性行为观察。获得雄兽在发情季节的爬跨与酱姿式,交配的时间与叫声,配种期的食量下降与活动量变化等资料。