Ni-B共晶合金非平衡凝固组织形态研究

采用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的深过冷技术,研究共晶合金Ni-3.6%B在不同的冷却速率和过冷度下凝固的室温组织变化规律。结果表明,过冷度和冷却速度都对凝固组织形态有重要影响,过冷度从16 K逐渐增加到301 K,熔断后的初生相-αNi由棒状晶转变为粒状晶,共晶组织从层片状转变为非规则点状组织;在大过冷条件下,改变冷却条件,冷却速率由真空炉中空冷、水淬、Ga-In合金淬冷和铜模激冷逐次增加,则所得室温共晶组织形态会由非规则点状转变为规则层片状。进一步理论分析表明,在小过冷条件下,共晶合金Ni-3.6%B的室温组织形态主要由过冷度决定,而在大过冷条件下,共晶组织形态则由冷却速率决定。     

亚偏晶Cu-Pb合金的深过冷快速凝固

用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法,研究了亚偏晶Cu-Pb合金过冷熔体凝固组织演化规律。研究表明:在试验过冷度10～302K的范围内,其凝固组织形态经历了两次变化过程:第一次是在10～207K过冷度范围,由粗大的枝晶重熔形成了第一类粒状晶;第二次发生在207～302K过冷度区间,合金组织中的第一类粒状晶转变为高度细化的细枝晶,组织因细枝晶再结晶向准球状晶粒转变。     

偏晶合金Ni—31.44％Pb过冷组织粒化机制

利用溶融玻璃净化、循环过热相结合的方法对Ni-31.44%Pb(质量分数）偏晶合金宽过冷区间组织演化规律进行研究。结果表明：随过冷度的增大,凝固组织发生三次转变。其中当△T＞242K时,合金组织发生第三次转变,由细密枝晶骤燃粒化为过冷粒状晶。通过组织观察和过冷熔体枝晶生长过程的理论计算发现,快速凝固过程中液相变速率骤然增加,引起枝晶全面碎断,然后在枝晶块表面能和就变能的驱动下,晶界移动,发生碎晶合并－再结晶是形成过冷粒状晶的原因。     

过偏晶合金Ni-40%Pb深过冷凝固组织

采用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法研究过冷Ni-40%Pb(质量分数)过偏晶合金的组织演化规律. 结果发现 过偏晶合金在快速凝固阶段本质上是以枝晶方式生长; 当ΔT《50K时, 合金组织为粗大枝晶+枝晶间Pb相+团块状Pb相; 当100《ΔT《198K时, 合金组织宏观偏析严重; 当ΔT＝292K时, 合金组织呈粒状晶, 第二相均匀弥散分布. 分析表明凝固组织宏观偏析与快速凝固阶段固液相变速率和体系残余液相分数有关; 粒状晶粒化机制属于枝晶碎断再结晶机制.     

过冷Ni-31．44％Pb偏晶合金凝固行为

采用熔融玻璃净化和循环过热相结合的方法研究Ni-31.44%Pb偏晶合金宽过冷区间凝固组织演化规律;结果表明,过冷偏晶合金在快速凝固阶段首先形成枝晶α骨架,再辉重熔后分布于枝晶间的残余液相按照平衡凝固模式进行后续反应;在0～286K过冷范围内,当ΔΤ＜50K时,合金凝固组织为粗大枝晶α+枝晶间Pb相;当70＜ΔT＜232K时,凝固组织为细密枝晶α+枝晶臂上细小的Pb颗粒+枝晶间Pb相;当ΔT＞242K时,凝固组织为过冷粒状晶+均匀细小的Pb颗粒+少量尺寸较大的枝晶间Pb颗粒,过冷粒状晶的粒化机制属于枝晶碎断-再结晶机制.     

深过冷Fe-80at%Ni凝固组织

采用熔融玻璃与循环过热相结合方法使Fe-80at%Ni合金熔体获得了340K的大过冷,对Fe-80at%Ni过包晶合金在宽过冷范围内凝固组织进行研究。结果表明：在小过冷范围（ΔT〈28K）,凝固组织为普通树枝晶;当28K〈△T〈54K时,凝固组织为不规则粒状晶;当54K〈△T〈70K时,凝固组织为树枝晶;当70K〈△T〈210K时,凝固组织转变为细小的粒状晶;当△T〉210K时,凝固组织为粗大的晶粒。随着过冷度的增加,凝固组织发生了两次粒化和一次粗化过程,分别为由小过冷树枝晶向第一类粒状晶的转变,由大过冷树枝晶向第二类粒状晶的转变和由细小粒状晶向粗大晶粒转变。粒化机理分别是枝晶重熔,枝晶碎断＋再结晶和极大的表面能导致小晶粒合并。     

过冷DD3单晶高温合金凝固组织演化

用复合熔盐净化与循环过热相结合的方法,研究了ＤＤ３单晶高温合金过冷熔体凝固组织的演化规律,获得了最大过冷度２１０Ｋ,在所获得的过冷度范围内,其凝固组织的形态发生三次突变;第一次是在过冷度为３０Ｋ时,因枝晶熟化,重熔,高度发牵树枝晶转变为第一类粒状晶;第二次发生在过冷度为７８Ｋ时,因枝晶熟化抑制,组织转变为细枝晶;当过冷度大于等于１８０Ｋ时,组织因枝晶发生碎断和再结晶而转变为第二类粒状晶     

深过冷BFe30-2合金凝固组织演化

用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法,研究了BFe30-2合金过冷熔体凝固组织的演化规律。研究表明:在过冷度39～203K的范围内,其凝固组织的形态有三次变化过程:第一次是在39～118K过冷度范围,随着过冷度的增加,凝固组织中枝晶明显细化且同时存在枝晶重熔形成的第一类粒状晶;第二次发生在118～174K过冷度范围,因枝晶熟化被抑制,形成的第一类粒状晶转变为高度细化的细枝晶;第三次发生在174～203K过冷度区间,组织因细枝晶再结晶转变为均匀的准球状晶粒。     

深过冷Ni-Sn亚共晶合金的组织演化

采用熔融玻璃净化法+循环过热法,考察了Ni-28%Sn、Ni-30%Sn亚共晶合金在不同过冷度下的冷却曲线和组织演化规律。结果表明,成分偏离共晶成分较近的Ni-30%Sn合金比成分偏离共晶成分较远的Ni-28%Sn合金更易获得较大的过冷度,更易于出现再辉过程;同时,深过冷凝固情况下,两种成分的凝固组织差别较大。同Ni-30%Sn合金凝固组织相比,Ni-28%Sn合金的层片状(α-Ni+Ni3Sn)规则共晶组织容易被抑制,非规则反常共晶形成困难,初生α-Ni枝晶组织粗大,依附在其周围生长的Ni3Sn晕环组织更易大范围的形成。     

冷却速率对Ni-Nb合金非平衡凝固组织的影响

采用阶梯铜模喷铸方式开展了Ni-10%Nb(质量分数)合金非平衡凝固实验,并利用Procast软件对不同铜模内径所对应的冷却速率进行了计算。综合采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析仪对不同冷速条件下合金二次枝晶间距、溶质含量等组织参量进行表征。实验结果表明,随铜模内径减小,合金冷却速率增加,二次枝晶间距减小,枝晶主干中溶质含量得到明显提高。在此基础上,利用枝晶生长模型对不同过冷度条件下的枝晶生长速率进行了计算。分析结果表明,随冷却速率增加,凝固发生时过冷度增大,枝晶生长速度提高,溶质截留现象趋于严重,导致溶质过饱和现象发生。此外,冷却速率的提高还有利于减小液/固界面前沿溶质扩散区长度,导致二次枝晶间距减小。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.