孕产妇深静脉栓塞的诊断和防治

深静脉栓塞（deepvenous thrombosis，DVT）是孕产妇在孕期、产时和产后容易发生的一种严重并发症，有17％孕产妇死于DVT。它也是剖宫产术后的严重并发症之一，当栓塞脱落时，随血流到达肺部，可导致急性肺栓塞，引起致命危险。围产期DVT发生率约为0．09％，产前与产后的比例为1：2。DVT包括肺栓塞、门-腔静脉栓塞、肠系膜静脉栓塞、肾静脉栓塞、     

下肢静脉栓塞患者临床舒适护理效果探讨

目的:本文就舒适护理在下肢静脉栓塞患者中的应用效果进行研究.方法:将近期在我院接受治疗的84例下肢静脉栓塞患者,按照入院先后顺序分为两个组别,观察组与参照组各42例.对参照组提供常规性护理,对观察组患者提供舒适护理服务,对比不同护理模式下,两组患者的舒适度及护理满意度评分.结果:观察组患者的身心舒适度、护理满意度评分均显著高于参照组,P＜0.05.结论:为下肢静脉栓塞患者实施舒适护理模式,对提高患者身心舒适度、改善护患关系均有显著性帮助,值得推广.     

护理干预对颅脑手术患者并发静脉栓塞的影响研究

目的探讨护理干预对颅脑手术患者并发静脉栓塞的影响。方法选取本院2009年10月~2010年10月颅脑手术后并发静脉栓塞的患者86例,随机分成观察组43例和对照组43例,对照组进行常规的药物治疗和护理,观察组进行系统的护理干预,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果观察组痊愈12例,有效28例,无效3例,有效率93.02%;痊愈5例,有效22例。无效16例,有效率62.79%,两组间有效率之间具有显著性差异,(χ2=12.03,P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论护理干预对颅脑手术患者并发静脉栓塞具有积极的临床意义,显著提高了患者的生活质量,值得临床推广使用。     

严重烧伤病人深静脉栓塞的预防

严重烧伤病人，烧伤面积大．深度烧伤多且又长期卧床，由于烧伤后血液呈高凝状态，血管壁的损伤尤其是血管内膜的损伤，血小板、巨噬细胞的聚集、附壁现象等都是引发深静脉栓塞的诱因,而在诸多诱因中居首位的当属深静脉插管，本文分析9例深静脉栓塞病例现报告如下：     

髋臼骨折患者围手术期应用快速康复护理对其康复效果和静脉栓塞的影响

目的:研究围手术期快速康复护理对髋臼骨折患者康复效果和静脉栓塞的影响。方法:选取本院2018年11月至2020年8月收治的100例髋臼骨折患者,采用随机数表法进行分组各50例,对照组患者开展常规护理,观察组患者在对照组基础上实施围手术期快速康复护理。比较两组康复优良率、静脉栓塞发生率、围手术期指标。结果:观察组康复优良率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组静脉栓塞发生率、术中出血量、平均手术时间、住院时间均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:围手术期快速康复护理能够有效降低髋臼骨折患者静脉栓塞发生率,促进患者康复,缩短患者手术、住院时间,值得在临床中广泛应用。     

前列腺摘除术后206例观察护理体会

前列腺增生症是老年男性常见病、多发病之一,目前在基层医院手术切除增生的腺体仍是主要的治疗手段之一。我院自1996～1999年共收治前列腺增生病人304例,行前列腺摘除术206例,通过对患者术后的严密观察,现将观察护理体会报告如下。1 临床资料 本组304人,年龄56～82岁,平均年龄68岁,保守治疗98例,手术206例,治愈303例,死亡1例,2例发生下肢静脉栓塞,     

综合护理对脑出血并发深静脉栓塞患者治疗效果及护理满意度的影响

目的探讨综合护理对脑出血并发深静脉栓塞患者的护理效果。方法本研究选取2016年1月-2017年1月洛阳市某医院收治的80例脑出血患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组与观察组,每组40例。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者采用综合护理。护理8周时,评价2组患者的治疗效果。患者出院前1天,按照医院制定的护理质量考核评分标准对护理质量进行评分。患者出院时,采用自制的护理满意度调查问卷调查2组患者的护理满意度。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率及护理总满意度分别为97.5%及100.0%,高于对照组的80.0%及85.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的健康宣教、基础护理、病房管理及分级护理评分分别为98.21±2.51,96.84±3.46,96.79±2.84及98.78±2.83,高于对照组的90.21±2.02,90.30±3.54,91.30±6.51及90.70±2.62,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对脑出血并发深静脉栓塞患者进行综合护理,可提高患者的治疗效果、护理质量及护理总满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

静脉栓塞继发脑梗死的MRI影像诊断

目的：探讨MRI在静脉栓塞继发脑梗死临床诊断中的应用价值。方法：选取我院2012年2月~2015年3月期间收治的32例静脉栓塞继发脑梗死患者作为研究对象，分析MRI影像图表现。结果：病灶位置在大脑半球皮层及皮层下23例，双侧丘脑、基底节9例。不同病灶位置、病变程度、形态规则之下，静脉栓塞继发脑梗死的MRI影像图具有不同的特征。结论：在静脉栓塞继发脑梗死的临床诊断中，MRI影像诊断具有很高的应用价值，为静脉栓塞继发脑梗死的预防和治疗提供重要的参考。     

中西医结合治疗视网膜静脉栓塞36例临床分析

目的探讨中西医结合治疗视网膜静脉栓塞的临床效果.方法收治视网膜静脉栓塞患者36例36眼,中央静脉栓塞8例,分枝静脉栓塞28例.病程最短0.5 d,最长3个月.在治疗前均行常规心肺X线、心电图、血压、血脂、血糖及血液流变学检查,根据发病时间长短,眼底情况分期施法.结果显效24例,进步5例,无明显变化5例,恶化1例,总有效率80%.结论视网膜静脉栓塞进行分期施治,具有独特疗效.     

妇产科手术后静脉栓塞的治疗体会——附24例病例分析

目的探讨妇产科手术后，静脉栓塞的诊断与治疗。方法1990年1月～2006年10月间，我院妇科和产科手术后并发静脉栓塞24例，用手术治疗2例、非手术治疗22例。结果24例术后静脉栓塞，6例用尿激酶溶栓治疗，16例用低分子＋复方丹参抗凝祛聚治疗。结论术后并发静脉栓塞用手术治疗，溶栓治疗＋抗凝治疗效果好。     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

The Varieties of Dignity

As a part of a research project on Dignity and Older Europeans (Fifth Framework (Quality of Life) Programme3) I explore in this paper a set of notions of human dignity. The general concept of dignity is introduced and characterized as a position on a value scale and it is further specified through its relations to the notions of right, respect and self-respect. I present four kinds of dignity and spell out their differences: the dignity of merit, the dignity of moral or existential stature, the dignity of identity and the universal human dignity (Menschenwürde). Menschenwürde pertains to all human beings to the same extent and cannot be lost as long as the persons exist. The dignity of merit depends on social rank and position. There are many species of this kind of dignity and it is very unevenly distributed among human beings. The dignity of merit exists in degrees and it can come and go. The dignity of moral stature is the result of the moral deeds of the subject; likewise it can be reduced or lost through his or her immoral deeds. This kind of dignity is tied to the idea of a dignified character and of dignity as a virtue. The dignity of moral stature is a dignity of degree and it is also unevenly distributed. The dignity of identity is tied to the integrity of the subject's body and mind, and in many instances, although not always, also dependent on the subject's self-image. This dignity can come and go as a result of the deeds of fellow human beings and also as a result of changes in the subject's body and mind.     

The problems associated with pesticide use by irrigation workers in Ghana

The use of pesticides in Ghanaian agriculture, though beneficialin reducing crop loss both before and after harvest, has beenassociated with threats to human health often due to the misapplicationof the chemicals. This study was an initial attempt to explorethe knowledge, attitudes and practices of 123 farm workers onthree irrigation project areas in the Accra Plains, Ghana, regardingthe safe handling and use of pesticides, to assess the prevalenceof symptoms associated with organophosphorus pesticides (OPs)and carbamates and to determine the prevalence of pesticide-relatedsymptoms, and blood cholinesterase. The study design was cross-sectionalin type. Methods used were interviews and observation, and biologicalmonitoring. The results revealed moderate levels of knowledgeof the routes of absorption of pesticides and of potential symptomsfollowing exposure. Knowledge of personal protective measureswas poor to moderate. High risk practices included frequenthandling of the chemicals, home storage of pesticides and shortre-entry intervals. Despite knowledge of some health risks associatedwith pesticides, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)was minimal due primarily to financial constraints. The prevalenceof symptoms was higher and cholinesterase levels lower thanin a control group of teachers. It is suggested that there isa need for more epidemiologic studies to investigate the problemsassociated with pesticide induced ill health as well as researchinto appropriate and affordable PPE. PPE needs to be subsidized.Training of agriculture and health workers in safety precautions,recognition, and management of pesticide-related ill healthis a matter of urgency.     

Depression and parental bonding: Cause,consequence, or genetic covariance?

It is shown how information on the direction of causation between variables may be obtained from a cross-sectional study of pairs of relatives. This method is applied to the study of the relationship between ratings of parents' rearing style and depression in their offspring. Adult female twins ascertained from a population-based registry in Virginia completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale (CESD) and a 7-item short form of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) about each of their parents. Two dimensions of parental behavior, overprotectiveness and coldness, were analyzed jointly with depression data in both genetic factor and directional genetic models. Models that specify ratings of parents as a cause of depression in the offspring fit the data significantly better than models that specify depression as a cause of ratings of parents. A still better fit is obtained with models that specify common genetic variance to depression and ratings, though causal models with error variance perform almost as well. In general, ratings of fathers show more genetic and less shared environmental variance than ratings of mothers, which might arise from more consistent treatment of offspring by mothers than by fathers. No effect of children eliciting parental rearing style was detected with these data. The relative merits of instrumental variable, longitudinal, and family approaches to testing causal models are discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A Survey of Respiratory and Dermatological Disease in the Chrome Plating Industry in the West Midlands, UK

Between 1993–1995 a cross-sectional survey of 20 chromeplating companies in the West Midlands was undertaken to assessthe prevalence of respiratory and dermatological disease inplaters. By means of a questionnaire and clinical examination71 platers were examined of whom 23% were found to have dermatitisat the time of the visit and 45% of companies had at least onecase of dermatitis in their plating workforce. Twenty-threeper cent of platers had evidence of old chrome ulceration and13% had evidence of new and healing chrome ulcers. When thenasal passages of platers were examined 17% had inflammationand 14% had septal perforation. Those with perforations wereaged less than 35 years at the time of perforation which hadusually occurred in the first 10 years of exposure. Lower respiratorysymptoms were rare. Guidance on the prevention of disease inthis occupational group which does not always have ready recourseto experienced occupational medical advice will be discussed.     

Clustered outbreak of skin and eye complaints among catering staff

In August 2002, kitchen staff at a hotel in Central Scotland experienced skin and eye problems believed to be related to their working environment. Of a total of 20 staff, eight cooks reported problems with a painful red skin affecting the face, eyelids, side and front of neck as well as burning, gritty eyes. Five of the affected individuals were clinically assessed in April 2003. The overall clinical impression was of conjunctivitis and sunburn-like erythema. Examination of the data sheets of all cleaning agents and sprays used within the kitchen pointed against an environmental phototoxin. The kitchen area was inspected and two electric fly killers positioned on the ceiling and sidewalls were found to be incorrectly fitted with UVC tubes. The output of these tubes was spectroradiometrically assessed. The recommended unprotected skin and eye exposure limit was reached in 14 s at a distance of 30 cm from the tubes. An exposure of about 60 s would be sufficient to induce minimal erythema in someone of skin type I/II. These results demonstrate the importance of exposure to ultraviolet radiation as a possible cause of facial erythema and conjunctivitis, no matter how unlikely this may seem. It is recommended that there should be increased awareness of the need to fit the correct type of lamps to electric fly killers and other devices that incorporate UV lamps.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Prevalence, management and impact of urinary incontinence in the workplace

BACKGROUND: The few prior studies of urinary symptoms in the workplace have been small investigations of women in specific occupations (e.g. nursing) or industries (e.g. pottery manufacture). In this study, the aims were to describe the prevalence, management and impact of urinary incontinence for a large cross-section of employed women in the USA. METHODS: Five-page questionnaires were mailed to 5130 American households selected from the National Family Opinion survey panel during the spring of 2004. Usable questionnaires were returned by 3364 women in the target age range of 18-60 years. RESULTS: About 37% of the 2326 employed respondents reported urine loss during the last 30 days. The most common strategies for managing incontinence at work included frequent bathroom breaks and wearing pads. The use of urine control methods increased with the severity of urine loss. The effect of incontinence on workplace activities also increased with the severity of urine loss: 88% of employed women with the most severe symptoms reported at least some negative impact on concentration, performance of physical activities, self-confidence or the ability to complete tasks without interruption. CONCLUSION: Urinary incontinence is prevalent among employed women. Those who experience severe symptoms report that it has a negative effect on aspects of work. Programs on the prevalence and impact of urinary incontinence would help educate both employers and employees, and may lead to the development of better management techniques in the workplace.