DNA核靶向序列的研究进展

DNA核靶向序列(DNA nuclear targeting sequence,DTS)是指能够促进外源质粒DNA通过核孔复合体(Nuclear Pore Complex,NPC)靶向入核的DNA片段。筛选和发现有活性的DTS,并将其插入质粒载体中,对于在不分裂细胞中采用非病毒介导的基因转移方法所开展的基因治疗的效率的提高,具有重要科学意义。该文综述了DNA核靶向序列的发现及其作用机制,并展望了其应用前景。     

雄性不育基因TA29-Barnase转化番茄的初步研究

以番茄无菌苗子叶切段为外植体,采用农杆菌介导法将雄性不育基因TA29-Barnase导入番茄品种中蔬5号,获得再生植株.经PCR检测,外源的TA29-Barnase基因已导入番茄细胞.     

聚离子亚基化合物介导的基因转移方法可用于外源基因的瞬时表达

利用聚离子亚基化合物介导的基因转移方法，研究了外源β－半乳精苷酶报告基因的瞬时表达．结果表明聚离子亚基化合物介导的基因转移方法可用于外源基因的瞬时表达研究，而且在相同的条件下，用该方法在NIH3T3细胞和PA317细胞中对报告基因转移的效率要高于磷酸钙法和脂质体法．实验结果还表明聚离子亚基化合物的结构影响外源基因转移效率．     

聚离子亚基化合物介导的基因转移方法可用于外源基因？…

利用聚离子亚基化合物介导的基因转移方法，研究了外源β－半乳糖苷酶报告基因的瞬时表达。结果表明，聚离子亚基化合物介导的基因转移方法可用于外源基因的瞬时表达研究。而且在相同的条件下，用该方法在ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞和ＰＡ３１７细胞中对报告基因转移的效率     

精子介导法生产转基因动物研究进展

精子介导基因转移是利用动物精子具有自发结合和内化转运外源DNA能力的特点,并使其在受精时导入卵母细胞,获得转基因动物.该方法 具有操作简单、高效和适用等特点,但影响精子转染外源基因效率的因素很多,其中包括外源DNA、精子及转染方法 等.     

精子介导法生产转基因动物研究进展

精子介导基因转移是利用动物精子具有自发结合和内化转运外源DNA能力的特点,并使其在受精时导入卵每细胞,获得转基因动物。该方法具有操作简单、高效和适用等特点,但影响精子转染外源基因效率的因素很多,其中包括外源DNA、精子及转染方法等。     

新型雌激素受体ERα36在张氏肝细胞和人肝癌细胞中的表达比较分析

研究新型雌激素受体ERα36在人肝细胞和肝癌细胞系中的差异表达具有重要的意义.以张氏肝(Chang Liv-er)、Caveolin-1基因沉默细胞株CAV7、人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721和HepG2为实验材料,通过免疫印迹杂交法观察了不同细胞内ERα36蛋白的表达情况,并与典型雌激素受体亚型ERα66蛋白的表达进行了比较.结果发现:(1)几种细胞中均有ERα36蛋白的表达;(2)与张氏肝细胞相比,Caveolin-1基因沉默时ERα36表达明显增加(P0.01);(3)ERα36在SMMC-7721中表达水平较低,而在HepG2细胞中表达水平较高,与ERα66和Caveolin-1的表达水平相关.提示新型雌激素受体ERα36可能参与Caveolin-1介导的雌激素信号转导,而在肝细胞的恶性增殖过程中发挥一定的作用.     

不同癌细胞系中gp96的唾液酸化程度研究

以自行合成的叠氮标记的甘露糖进行细胞代谢,代谢后以叠氮化的唾液酸替代天然的唾液酸于细胞糖蛋白的糖链中呈现,依赖于点击化学方法,建立分离唾液酸化糖蛋白的方法,并研究gp96蛋白在不同癌细胞系中的唾液酸化程度.经酶联免疫吸附反应检测各细胞系均含有gp96蛋白,且含量无显著差异.而分析gp96的生物素化和唾液酸修饰程度,发现...     

基于Gene-Deletor系统的安全复合性状转基因烟草研究

本研究利用农杆菌介导法将带有水稻花粉特异启动子籼稻花粉过敏原基因(OSIPA)启动子驱动的Gene-Deletor外源基因清除系统,水稻Os GA3ox2(D18)启动子驱动水稻Os GA2ox1基因,玉米Ubiquitin启动子驱动BAR::GUS融合基因为筛选标记基因以及水稻Actin1启动子驱动驱动抗虫Cry1Ab基因复合性状植物表达载体p GM626-D18-Os GA2ox1遗传转化三星烟草。通过GUS组织化学染色及PCR分子鉴定,获得了43株转基因烟草植株。结果表明,水稻OsGA2ox1基因在烟草中表达能降低转基因烟草植株高度,但不影响植株生殖生长。转基因烟草对烟草斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有抗性,可抑制烟草斜纹夜蛾幼虫的取食与发育。以50 mg/L的除草剂Basta处理野生型和转基因烟草离体叶片,发现BAR基因提高了烟草抗除草剂的能力。对12株转基因烟草T0代花粉外源基因清除效率进行研究,发现部分烟草株系外源基因清除可达到100%,其他未完全清除外源基因株系的清除效率介于42.84%~99.97%之间。     

gpd1基因莱茵衣藻表达载体构建及农杆菌介导转化莱茵衣藻

甘油3-磷酸酰基转移酶基因(gpd1)可以调控植物脂质代谢中关键酶甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPDH)的活性,能促进植物脂质合成。本研究以莱茵衣藻FACHB-479为受体,通过克隆酵母gpd1基因,构建莱茵衣藻的农杆菌双元表达载体pRI-Ble-GPD1,首次以农杆菌介导法将携带在农杆菌LBA4404的gpd1基因转移到FACHB-479基因组。在含有10μg/m L博莱霉素的TAP平板筛选得到抗性藻体细胞。经过分子生物学PCR及RTPCR鉴定,获得转基因藻FACHB-GPD。尼罗红染色法鉴定分析FACHB-GPD细胞中油脂含量增高1.3~1.52倍。该研究表明农杆菌介导外源gpd1基因在莱茵衣藻FACHB-479基因组的过表达能增加脂肪酸含量,从而提高其产油能力。     

染色质免疫沉淀技术（ChIP）在基因转录调控中的作用

目的研究体细胞水平蛋白（转录因子）与DNA（靶基因启动子区）的相互作用.方法用甲醛固定活细胞,在生理状态下,结合的蛋白质-DNA复合物呈交联状态,超声将DNA打断成不同大小的片段,用目的蛋白质特异性抗体免疫沉淀该蛋白质-DNA复合物,复合物65℃解交联,并分离纯化DNA,然后进行PCR扩增.结果PCR扩增出阳性条带.结...     

Stable transformation of maize after gene transfer by electroporation

The graminaceous monocots, including the economically important cereals, seem to be refractory to infection by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a natural gene transfer system that has been successfully exploited for transferring foreign genes into higher plants. Therefore, direct transfer techniques that are potentially applicable to all plant species have been developed using a few dicot and monocot species as model systems. One of these techniques, electroporation, uses electrical pulses of high field strength to permeabilize cell membranes reversibly so as to facilitate the transfer of DNA into cells. Electroporation-mediated gene transfer has resulted in stably transformed animal cells and transient gene expression in monocot and dicot plant cells. Here we report that electroporation-mediated DNA transfer of a chimaeric gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase results in stably transformed maize cells that are resistant to kanamycin.     

Analysis of specificity for antigen, Mls, and allogenic MHC by transfer of T-cell receptor alpha- and beta-chain genes

The majority of peripheral T lymphocytes bear cell-surface antigen receptors comprised of a disulphide-linked alpha beta dimer. In an immune response, this receptor endows T cells with specificities for foreign antigenic protein fragments bound to cell surface glycoproteins encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). At a high frequency (greater than 1%), the same population of T lymphocytes responds to allogeneic MHC glycoproteins, or to differences at other genetic loci termed Mls, in conjunction with MHC. The alpha beta-antigen receptor has been implicated in alloreactivity and Mls reactivity. In fact, many monoclonal T-cell lines recognize a foreign protein fragment bound to self-MHC molecules and, in addition, recognize allogeneic MHC glycoproteins, an Mls-encoded determinant, or both. For at least one T-cell clone, a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha beta antigen receptor has been shown to block activation induced by either antigen-bound self-MHC or by allogeneic MHC. However, it remains to be demonstrated directly that a single alpha beta receptor can mediate antigen specificity, alloreactivity and Mls reactivity, a prerequisite to understanding the structural basis of these high-frequency cross-reactivities. To address this issue we have performed transfers of receptor chain genes from a multiple-reactive T-cell clone into an unrelated host T lymphocyte. We now demonstrate definitively that the genes encoding a single alpha beta-receptor chain pair can transfer the recognition of self-MHC molecules complexed with fragments of antigen, allogeneic MHC molecules, and an Mls-encoded determinant (presumably in conjunction with MHC). In this case the transfer of antigen specificity and alloreactivity requires a specific alpha beta-receptor chain combination, whereas Mls reactivity can be transferred with the beta-chain gene alone into a recipient expressing a randomly selected alpha-chain.     

一种新型基因枪的研究

为研制一种适应各种场合 ,尤其是在野外操作的基因枪 ,满足将目的基因导入动植物细胞 ,使之稳定表达并遗传 ,实现培育或改良新的优良品种。以压缩弹簧为动力 ,运用撞击发射原理 ,对裹着基因的微粒进行加速 ,使之获得足够的动能 ,去射击靶细胞。弹簧预压力不同 ,微弹的动能随之不同 ,可适应不同细胞的要求。利用所设计的装置 ,在常压下将GUS基因导入番茄叶片细胞 ,经检测 ,得到表达 ;将质粒psv- luc2 0转入小鼠的皮肤、腹部肌肉和肝脏内 ,也得到表达。实验表明 ,该构思是可行的 ,实验装置可以在常压下操作 ,能在各种条件下使用     

A novel nonviral nanoparticle gene vector: Poly-L-lysine-silica nanoparticles

DNA delivery is a core technology for gene structure and function research as well as clinical settings. The ability to safely and efficiently targeted transfer foreign DNA into cells is a fundamental goal in biotechnology. With the development of nanobiotechnology, nanoparticle gene vectors brought about new hope to reach the goal. In our research, silica nanoparticles (SiNP) were synthesized first in a microemulsion system polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (OP-10)/cyclohexane/ammonium hydroxide, at the same time the effects of SiNP size and its distribution were elucidated by orthogonal analysis; then poly-L-lysine (PLL) was linked on the surface of SiNP by nanoparticle surface energy and electrostatically binding; lastly a novel complex nanomateial—poly-L-lysine-silica nanoparticles (PLL-SiNP) was prepared. The analysis of plasmid DNA binding and DNase I enzymatic degradation discovered that PLL-SiNP could bind DNA, and protect it against enzymatic degradation. Cell transfection showed that PLL-SiNP could efficiently transfer PEGFPC-2 plasmid DNA into HNE1 cell line. These results indicated that PLL-SiNP was a novel nonviral nanoparticle gene vector, and would probably play an important role in gene structure and function research as well as gene therapy.     

T-cell-mediated association of peptide antigen and major histocompatibility complex protein detected by energy transfer in an evanescent wave-field

Helper T cells recognize foreign antigen displayed on antigenpresenting cells which also express self-molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). A single T-cell receptor mediates recognition of both MHC and foreign antigen. A proposed ternary complex between T-cell receptor, foreign antigen and MHC antigen has not yet been demonstrated (see ref. 1 for review). Here, we show that a fluorescein-labelled synthetic peptide, together with Texas red-labelled class II MHC antigen, I-Ad, stimulates the production of interleukin-2 by a peptide-specific I-Ad-restricted T-cell hybridoma when reconstituted in a lipid membrane on a glass substrate. Under the same conditions, resonance-energy transfer from donor peptide to acceptor I-A can be stimulated in an evanescent wave-field only in the presence of the specific T-hybrid. Our results show that the T cell stabilizes an association between peptide antigen and class II MHC protein to within a distance of about 40 A.     

Odorant receptor gene choice is reset by nuclear transfer from mouse olfactory sensory neurons

Of the approximately 1,000 odorant receptor (OR) genes in the mouse genome, an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) is thought to express one gene, from one allele. This is reminiscent of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes, which undergo DNA rearrangements in lymphocytes. Here, we test the hypothesis that OR gene choice is controlled by DNA rearrangements in OSNs. Using permanent genetic marking, we show that the choice by an OSN to express an allele of the OR gene M71 is irreversible. Using M71-expressing OSNs as donors for nuclear transfer, we generate blastocysts, embryonic stem (ntES) cell lines and clonal mice. DNA analysis of these cell lines, whose genome is clonally derived from an M71-expressing OSN, does not reveal DNA rearrangements or sequence alterations at the M71 locus. OSNs that differentiate from ntES cells after injection into blastocysts are not restricted to expression of M71 but can express other OR genes. Thus, M71 gene choice is irreversible but is reset upon nuclear transfer, and is not accompanied by genomic alterations.