金属-绝缘体颗粒膜隧穿磁电阻效应的修正理论

基于Inoue模型,提出了一个修正理论来研究金属-绝缘体颗粒膜的隧穿磁电阻效应.假定颗粒膜中铁磁颗粒的尺寸服从对数正态函数,通过两个临界尺寸D1(T)和D2(T)将颗粒膜中的铁磁颗粒分为三类:超顺磁颗粒、单畴铁磁颗粒和多畴颗粒.同时引进一个参数k2来描述超顺磁颗粒与单畴铁磁颗粒对颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应影响的权重,另一个参数k1来描述基体对铁磁颗粒自旋极化率的影响.计算结果表明仅有单畴铁磁颗粒对颗粒膜的隧穿磁电阻效应起主导作用.     

颗粒膜中的巨磁电阻效应

纳米颗粒构成的颗粒膜具有巨磁电阻效应，其中的相元互不固溶，颗粒膜中的巨磁电阻效应与电子自旋相关散射有关，以界面散射的贡献为最大，并受到颗粒尺寸、体积百分数、退火及温度的影响。由于颗粒膜制备工艺简便，巨磁电阻效应在信息储存技术中有巨大应用前景，颗粒膜中的巨磁电阻效应引起了人们极大的兴趣。     

颗粒膜的巨磁电阻效应

介绍了颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应的国内外研究现状及研究意义。由于颗粒膜巨磁电阻本身的科研价值和在磁记录、磁性传感器、磁随机存储器等方面的广泛应用前景，近十几年来国内外学对此进行了大量的研究。指出了颗粒膜研究的目标。     

M-M型纳米颗粒膜的巨磁电阻效应

探讨了M-M型纳米颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应的物理机制，指出了影响颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应的因素，推导出M-M型纳米颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应的计算公式。     

巨磁电阻效应

重点综述了磁性多层膜、颗粒膜、钙钛矿型氧化物及铁磁薄膜隧道结等几种不同结构类型的巨磁电阻效应的研究现状及其进展情况,并简述了巨磁电阻的物理机制及磁传感器、随机存储器和高密度读出头等几方面的应用,还涉及到了制备这些巨磁电阻材料的常用方法,并列举了10种不同组分的巨磁电阻材料,还说明了特大磁电阻和巨磁电阻的不同。     

离子束改性对颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应的影响

用射频磁控溅射方法在Si/SiO2衬底上制备了(NiFeCo)36Ag64颗粒膜.用四探针法测量了注入Co离子前后(NiFeCo)36Ag64颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应的变化.用场发射扫描电镜分析了颗粒膜的形貌及成分.实验结果表明:注入Co离子对颗粒膜巨磁电阻有显著的影响,在相同退火温度下,注入离子可使GMR效应提高一倍以上.随着退火温度增加,颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应先增加而后减小,在360℃下退火可获得10.2%的最大室温巨磁电阻效应.     

磁性颗粒复合介质中磁电阻机制诱导的庞磁电容效应

最近的实验和理论研究表明,磁电阻效应结合Maxwell-Wagner电路模型,磁性颗粒复合介质中也可能产生庞磁电容效应.这种庞磁电容效应与传统的磁电材料中由于直接的磁电耦合机制而产生的磁电容效应不同,它将会具有很高的实际应用价值.从磁性颗粒复合体系微观结构出发,应用Maxwell-Garnett理论(MGT)和磁电阻机制,研究了磁性颗粒复合体系中的庞磁电容效应随外加磁场和组分浓度p的变化关系,很好地解释了实验结果.     

磁性金属多层膜的新颖特性-巨磁电阻效应

介绍了磁性金属多层膜中巨磁电阻效应的发现过程、特点和成因，并展望了巨磁电阻材料的应用前景。     

退火处理对Dy4(Co21Cu79)96颗粒膜结构和巨磁电阻效应的影响

采用磁控溅射法制备Dy₄(Co₂₁Cu₇₉)₉₆颗粒膜,研究薄膜的巨磁电阻（GMR）效应及磁性能.应用X射线衍射仪（XRD）对薄膜微观结构随退火温度的变化进行分析,采用四探针及振动样品磁强计（VSM）测量薄膜的磁电阻和磁性能.X射线衍射实验结果表明:制备态的薄膜形成了单相亚稳态面心合金结构,退火处理将促进Cu和Co的相分离.磁电阻测试发现:所有不同成分的Dy_x(Co₂₁Cu₇₉)_100-x（x=0,4,8,9,12,14）薄膜样品均随着退火温度的升高,颗粒膜巨磁电阻（GMR）效应不断增大,当达到最佳退火温度之后,GMR值又随退火温度的升高而降低.当退火温度为425℃时,Dy₄(Co₂₁Cu₇₉)₉₆薄膜的巨磁电阻效应达到最大,GMR值为-4.68%.退火前后样品磁滞回线的变化表明薄膜中发生了从超顺磁性到铁磁性的转变,矫顽力H_c随退火温度的升高逐渐增大.     

Fe—Al2O3纳米颗粒膜的巨磁电阻效应及微结构

采用磁控溅射方法在玻璃基片上制备了一系的Fe-Al2O3颗粒膜样品,对样品的巨磁电阻效应（GMR）和磁性能进行了测量,并用高分辨电匀（HRTEM）对膜Fe枯粒的微结构进行观察,结果表明,磁电阻MR随Fe含量而变化,而体积分数为47％时获得最大值4．0％,45％Fe-Al2O3颗 膜的室温磁性表现为超顺磁性,磁电阻MR与－（M／Ms)2成正比,相关常数A约0．036,HRTEM观察表明,当Fe颗粒尺寸约小于1nm时,Fe颗粒为非晶态,而大于该尺寸时则为晶态,在Fe-Al2O3颗粒膜体系中存在与隧道相关的GMR,GMR的起因可归于传输电子的自旋相关的散射。     

Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in ferromagnetic metalinsulator granular films

We review the recently discovered tunnel-type giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in ferromagnetic metalinsulator granular thin films, which is the magnetoresistance (MR) associated with the spin-dependent tunneling between two ferromagnetic metal particles. The theoretical and experimental results including electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance and their temperature dependence are described. Limitations to the applications of the ferromagnetic metalinsulator granular films are also discussed. Additionally, a brief survey of another two magnetic properties, high-frequency property and giant Hall effect (GHE) associated strongly with the granular structures is also presented.     

颗粒膜中的巨磁阻效应

本文讨论了颗粒膜中巨磁阻效应（ＧＭＲ）与铁磁颗粒的组成、浓度、颗粒大小和形状依赖关系。     

不同衬底温度下制备的Co-Al-O介质颗粒薄膜的巨磁电阻效应

利用射频反应溅射的方法在不同衬底温度（Ｔｓ）下制备了Ｃｏ－Ａｌ－Ｏ介质颗粒薄膜。薄膜的本征电阻及磁电阻值密切依赖于薄膜制备过程中的衬底温度。通过原子力显微镜对样品表面的观察发现：以Ｃｏ为基的纳米磁性颗粒的尺寸随Ｔｓ的增加而变大,并且颗粒之间由完全初介质分离逐渐变化到互相连接．对应这种结构上的变化,薄膜的电导机制由隧道效应向金属性电导转变,相应地薄膜的磁电阻值也发生了变化。     

Ag-NiMnGa颗粒膜分析

利用离子束溅射技术制备了AgNiMnGa颗粒膜的系列样品.分别采用广角X射线衍射(WXRD)技术和掠入射X射线散射(GIXS)技术分析了样品的物相组成和膜面与内层结构,NiMnGa颗粒平均尺寸为5 5nm;样品膜厚度为463nm.对样品电磁性能的研究表明:颗粒膜在室温下磁场扫描测量中呈现明显的磁致电阻效应;其伴随有振荡的非线形电流电压关系揭示了介观系统具有的输运特征.     

高密度磁记录纳米颗粒膜磁性的蒙特-卡罗模拟

用蒙特－卡罗方法对Co-C和CoPt-C纳米颗粒膜的磁特性进行模拟研究。模拟中，假设磁性颗粒为球形、单畴，易轴随机取向。对包含hcp结构、直径为3nm的Co颗粒的Co-C膜给出了湿度从3K到300K的磁滞回线，超顺磁驰豫的截止温度约20K；对包含fct结构CoPt的CoPt-C膜给出了300K时平均颗粒尺寸从4nm到6nm，对应于不同尺寸分布下的磁滞回线。模拟显示，由于fct结构CoPt-C有特大的各向异性，因而具备超高的矫顽力，可以满足超高密度磁记录的需要。以上模拟的结果与Co-C颗粒膜和CoPt-C颗粒膜的实验结果一致。     

Magnetic properties and giant magnetoresistance effect of nanometer Fe-In2O3 granular films

Nanometer ferromagnetic metal-semiconductor matrix Fe-In2O3 granular films are fabricated by the radio frequency sputtering. Magnetic properties and the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect of Fex(In2O3)1x granular film samples are studied. The result shows that the magne-toresistance (MR) ratio/0 value of the granular film samples with Fe volume fraction x = 35% is 4.5% at room temperature. The temperature dependence (T = 1.5-300 K) of the MR ratio /0 value of Fe0.35(In2O3)0.65 granular films shows that /0 value below 10 K increases rapidly with the decrease of the temperature, and when T = 2 K,/0 value is 85%. Through the study of the dependence of low field susceptibility on temperature and the hysteresis loops at different temperatures, it has been found that, when the temperature decreases to a critical point TP = 10 K, the change of the structure in Fe0.35(In2O3)0.65 granular films results in the transformation of state from ferromagnetic to spin-glass-like. The remarkable increase of the MR ratio ???/??0 value of Fe0.35(In2O3)0.65 granular films below 10 K seems to arise from the peculiar conducting mechanism of the granular film samples in the spin-glass-like state.     

Negative intrinsic resistivity of an individual domain wall in epitaxial (Ga,Mn)As microdevices

Magnetic domains, and the boundaries that separate them (domain walls, DWs), play a central role in the science of magnetism. Understanding and controlling domains is important for many technological applications in spintronics, and may lead to new devices. Although theoretical efforts have elucidated several mechanisms underlying the resistance of a single DW, various experiments report conflicting results, even for the overall sign of the DW resistance. The question of whether an individual DW gives rise to an increase or decrease of the resistance therefore remains open. Here we report an approach to DW studies in a class of ferromagnetic semiconductors (as opposed to metals) that offer promise for spintronics. These experiments involve microdevices patterned from monocrystalline (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial layers. The giant planar Hall effect that we previously observed in this material enables direct, real-time observation of the propagation of an individual magnetic DW along multiprobe devices. We apply steady and pulsed magnetic fields, to trap and carefully position an individual DW within each separate device studied. This protocol reproducibly enables high-resolution magnetoresistance measurements across an individual wall. We consistently observe negative intrinsic DW resistance that scales with channel width. This appears to originate from sizeable quantum corrections to the magnetoresistance.