单光纤压力传感器的研究

设计了一种目的在于减小传感器尺寸的单光纤结构膜片式光纤压力传感器.实验中采用62.5/125 μm多模光纤和直径为10 mm的弹性膜片,对光纤端面到膜片的距离在几种不同情况下的传感器响应特性进行了实验研究.我们通过对光纤投射到膜片上的光斑进行分析,给出了反射回光纤的有效光场分布,并利用有效光斑进行计算,而对原有理论做出了一定的修正,修正后的理论与实验的符合性比未修正前有了较大的提高.     

熔融七芯光纤球对称的Mach-Zehnder干涉传感特性

提出了一种基于七芯光纤和单模光纤熔球对称型Mach-Zehnder干涉传感器。单模光纤端面熔接制作直径180μm光纤球,将2个光纤球中间熔接一段七芯光纤,位于Mach-Zehnder干涉结构中间的七芯光纤长度为9 mm。传感器外界环境温度、曲率的改变都会使传感器的纤芯基模和包层模的光程差发生改变,从而引起传感器干涉谱发生变化,通过监测干涉谱可以实现对外界物理量的测量。通过建立的有限差分光束传播法仿真分析结果可知:光纤球结构增加了七芯光纤的光耦合效率,七芯光纤结构的干涉效应得到了有效改善。实验结果表明:当温度在20～95℃范围内变化时,传感器的温度灵敏度为58. 97 pm/℃,线性度为0. 996 22;曲率在0～1 m~(-1)变化范围内,传感器的曲率灵敏度为2. 55 nm/m~(-1),线性度为0. 996 73。设计的传感器结构紧凑、制作工艺简单、可靠性高。     

基于光纤锥级联的Mach-Zehnder干涉湿度传感器

提出了一种基于光纤锥级联纤芯失配的Mach-Zehnder干涉湿度传感器。将两段色散补偿光纤对芯熔接光纤锥,并依次级联,再接入一段6 mm的多模渐变光纤,构成了Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,其中多模渐变光纤和芯径失配处的两个节点起到了光纤耦合器的作用。环境湿度变化,引起传感器透射谱能量发生改变。实验结果表明:透射谱波峰能量和湿度有较好的线性关系。当湿度在35%～95%RH范围内变化,传感器灵敏度为-0. 074 9 d B/%RH,线性度R2为0. 995。设计的传感器结构紧凑、灵敏度高,可以广泛应用于不同领域的湿度测量。     

光纤的基础知识

1、光纤结构: 光纤裸纤一般分为三层:中心高折射率玻璃芯(芯径一般为50mm或62.5mm),中 间为低折射率硅玻璃包层(直径一般为125μm),最外是加强用的树脂涂层。 2、数值孔径: 入射到光纤端面的光并不能全部被光纤所传输,只是在某个角度范围内的入射光才可以。这个角度就称为光纤的数值孔径。光纤的数值孔径大些对于光纤的对接是有利的。 3、光纤的种类: A.按光在光纤中的传输模式可分为:单摸光纤和多模光纤。 多模光纤:中心玻璃芯较粗(50mm或62.5mm),可传多种模式的光,但其模间色散较大。单模光纤:中心玻璃芯较细(芯径一般为9mm或10mm),只…     

FBG可变灵敏度压力传感器设计

为了实现对压力的多灵敏度状态下监测,设计了一种利用光纤Bragg光栅（ FBG）的可变灵敏度压力传感探头。将裸光栅固定在薄膜片中心与下部外壳之间,传感器探头表面的压力通过薄膜片传递给裸光栅,并可通过灵敏度变换阀改变膜片大小从而改变传感器的灵敏度。对薄膜片进行有限元仿真优化计算,得到其变形特性。薄膜片厚1 mm,工作半径分别调节为10,9,8 cm状态下,最大变形出现在膜片中心区域,在0.1 MPa的表面压力作用下,膜片中心处变形分别为3.875,2.561,1.579 mm,裸光栅固定后,对应的灵敏度分别为：38.44,25.62,15.79 mm/ MPa,实现灵敏度变换。     

叶端定时光纤传感器特性研究

为了探讨叶端定时光纤传感器的设计方法和设计依据,在实验测量的基础上建立了一个在高斯光束几何反射模型下的一维数值计算方法,可以在计算机上对叶端定时光纤传感器的特性进行计算分析,为叶端定时光纤传感器的优化设计提供了一个必要工具.对62.5/125多模光纤构成的19芯和37芯叶端定时光纤传感器的计算分析结果表明,传感器端面处的反射光斑半径在300 μm附近时有最佳的信噪比和接收光强波形;由发射光纤直接出射光束的19芯或37芯叶端定时传感器在与叶端的间距为1～3 mm范围内有较好性能;若用LD作为光源,37芯叶端定时传感器可以更好地的减少激光散斑的影响.     

焊接结构光纤Bragg光栅土压力传感器设计

针对传统土压力传感器长期稳定性差、抗电磁干扰能力不强以及组网难度大等问题,根据传感器与土介质的匹配原则,设计了一种焊接结构双膜片光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)温度自补偿土压力传感器,可实现温度和土压力2个参量的同时测量.传感器主要由2个膜片与基体组成,膜片与光栅固定柱一次成型,便于加工封装.对传感器灵敏度系数进行了计算分析.根据分析结果,加工封装传感器并对其进行了压力校准及温度自补偿性能实验.实验结果表明:传感器的输出波长分别与温度和压力呈线性关系,压力灵敏度系数为528.1 pm/MPa,输出分辨率为0.19%,线性相关度99.988%;在5~45℃内温度灵敏度系数为31.9 pm/℃,线性相关度99.998%,传感器在5~45℃范围内具有良好的温度自补偿能力,其性能参数符合工程应用要求.     

反射强度调制式光纤声音传感器优化设计与研究

反射强度调制式光纤声音传感器具有结构简单、灵敏度高、抗电磁场和射频干扰等优点。对反射式光纤声音传感器膜片的振动特性进行了理论推导和有限元分析,得出振动膜片几何参数和振动特性之间的关系及其膜片的设计方法。设计了结构简单的传感器探头,并以1310 nm波长的激光器为光源研制了光纤声音传感器。对所研制的光纤声音传感器进行了实验研究,实验测得传感器的频响为350 Hz~7.5 kHz;灵敏度为416.7mV/Pa。     

基于平面膜片的高灵敏度光纤Bragg光栅压力传感器

提出了一种新颖的利用粘贴于平面圆形膜片环向上的光纤Bragg光栅来实现压力传感测量的高灵敏度压力传感器。推导了该传感器波长与压力之间的关系,得到了该传感器的压力响应灵敏度的解析表达式。从实验上获得了-4.8549fm/Pa的压力响应灵敏度,是裸光纤Bragg光栅压力响应灵敏度的1618.3倍。该传感器的压力响应具有很好的线性。同时指出,该传感器的压力响应灵敏度随着膜片的大小、材料的力学参量、光纤Bragg光栅粘贴位置的改变而改变。     

智能服装中光纤Bragg光栅心音检测方法的研究

研究基于光纤光栅智能服装心音检测的理论和方法.根据光纤光栅应变效应和圆形膜片振动原理,建立了心音传感数学模型,推导出心音灵敏度计算公式.设计了光纤光栅心音传感器结构并制作出样品,其灵敏度理论值为957.11 pm/kPa.用所设计的传感器对人体心音进行实测,反射波长变化范围约70pm.在体温不变的情况下,光纤光栅反射波...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.