探索式测试在雷达软件中的应用研究

雷达软件测试中常会遇到测试周期短、软件文档滞后甚至缺失等问题。在这种情况下,由于探索式测试方法强调了测试设计和执行的同时性,并弱化了对软件文档的要求,因而能够发挥灵活、快速的优势。文中针对探索式测试和传统脚本测试的优缺点,将会话机制和漫游方法等探索式测试成功实践与经典的脚本式测试流程结合,提出了脚本会话测试模型。通过复用对应类型雷达软件测试历史项目的测试设计,在经典软件测试流程中引入会话机制和漫游方法,并充分利用资深测试人员的经验和组织资产,降低软件需求、设计文档以及测试人员经验和能力对测试的影响,增强测试的适应性,提高测试的效率和质量。     

The Computer-Aided Approach to Susceptibility Testing

Susceptibility testing is generally performed using manual methods which result in the following disadvantages and limitations: tests are time consuming, frequency and amplitude accuracy may not be satisfactory, operator errors can easily occur, and test setup inaccuracies are seldom taken into account and compensated. A new and low-cost method of performing susceptibility testing automatically is presented in this paper. With the advent of test instrumentation operated under digital control and the availability of standardized interface systems, it is now possible to build test systems to carry out automated susceptibility tests which are particularly advantageous when digital equipment are to be tested. By driving power amplifiers from programmable sweep generators, the repeatability and accuracy of the testing will be considerably increased as a result of accurate frequency and amplitude controls using control loops (AFC and ALC). A computer can be used to control and to manage the execution oftests as well as the processing of off-line test results. Major advantages given by the automation of susceptibility testing are increased measurement accuracy, reduction of testing costs and EMC-problem prediction capabilities.     

Modbus协议一致性测试的自动化方法

现有Modbus协议一致性测试中尚未形成测试自动化方法,给测试的有效性和客观性带来了不利影响,为了解决这一问题,提出一致性测试的自动化方法的体系结构,它由测试用例生成器和测试结果分析器组成,然后基于体系结构实现了一致性自动化测试系统。在实际应用中该系统发现了一些隐藏的Modbus一致性问题,证明了该方法的可用性和有效性。     

Extending Fault-Based Testing to Microelectromechanical Systems

As stable fabrication processes for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) emerge, research efforts shift towards the design of systems of increasing complexity. The ways in which testing is going to be performed for large volume complex devices embedding MEMS are not known. As in the microelectronics industry, the development of cost-effective tests for larger systems may well require test stimuli targeting actual faults, developing fault lists and fault models for realistic manufacturing defects and failure modes, and using fault simulation as a major approach for assessing testability and dependability. In this paper, we illustrate how fault-based testing can be extended to MEMS, both for bulk and surface micromachining technologies, making possible the reuse of analog testing techniques.     

网络协议中的时间约束测试

对协议实现的时间约束进行测试,是验证协议实现的实时特性的重要方法.本文考查了当前实时系统测试方面的进展,结合路由协议测试的实践,修正了现有方法几个不符合实际情况的假设,扩展了时间自动机的理论和思路,将时间约束下的状态机转换成非确定性有限状态自动机,运用Wp方法生成抽象测试集,讨论将抽象测试集参数化的方法.以路由协议RIP的时间约束为例说明了生成基于TTCN测试例的过程.     

抗振晶体振荡器相位噪声测试方法的对比研究

目前电子系统都要求对晶体振荡器进行振动状态下相位噪声测试。但对于抗振晶体振荡器,按照常规相位噪声测试方法进行测试时其结果有可能不正常。文中分析了抗振晶体振荡器振动状态下的相位噪声及测试方法,通过对比测试发现,不同的测试系统其测试结果也不相同。通过系统设置和实验验证,解决了测试结果不正常的问题,使测试结果达成一致。     

Testing and Diagnosis of Realistic Defects in Digital Microfluidic Biochips

Microfluidics-based biochips are soon expected to revolutionize biosensing, clinical diagnostics and drug discovery. Robust off-line and on-line test techniques are required to ensure system dependability as these biochips are deployed for safety-critical applications. Due to the underlying mixed-technology and mixed-energy domains, biochips exhibit unique failure mechanisms and defects. We first relate some realistic defects to fault models and observable errors. We next set up an experiment to evaluate the manifestations of electrode-short faults. Motivated by the experimental results, we present a testing and diagnosis methodology to detect catastrophic faults and locate faulty regions. The proposed method is evaluated using a biochip performing real-life multiplexed bioassays.     

Iterative Antirandom Testing

Antirandom testing is a variation of pure random testing, which is the process of generating random patterns and applying it to a system under test (both software systems and hardware systems). However, research studies have shown that pure random testing is relatively less effective at fault detection than other testing techniques. Antirandom testing improves the fault-detection capability of random testing by employing the location information of previously executed test cases. In antirandom testing we select test case such that it is as different as possible from all the previous executed test cases. Unfortunately, this method essentially requires enumeration of the input space and computation of each input pattern when used on an arbitrary set of existing test data. This avoids scale-up to large test sets and (or) long input vectors. The objective of this paper is to find a more efficient method of the test generation which does not need any computation. The key idea of proposed approach is an iterative application of the short antirandom tests where the first test vector in each iteration is generated randomly. Moreover, we propose a new metric the Maximal Minimal Hamming Distance (MMHD) which allows us to define an optimal antirandom test with restricted number of patterns. Experimental results are given to evaluate the performance of the new approach.     

基于TTCN的测试执行方法及其应用

测试执行是协议一致性测试系统中的主要部分，本文提出一种基于测试描述语言ＴＴＣＮ的操作语义对标准测试集进行了解释执行的测试执行方法，利用这种方法所实现的一致性测试系统具有很强的灵活性和独立性，同时大大提高了测试的效率，另外，我们还介绍了基于这种测试方法所完成的协议一致性测试系统（ＰＣＴＳ）的总体结构，设计思想以及测试配置。     

基于大规模路由模拟的强度测试及结果分析

随着互联网规模的扩大,路由器中路由协议实现的处理能力和稳定性越来越重要.本文提出了路由协议实现的强度测试技术,并使用我们所研制的测试仪IP-TEST对CISCO2600路由器进行了强度测试,证明其OSPF实现的计算复杂度是O((ln N)⁴),并给出了其支持的网络规模上限.实验证明,这种强度测试技术可以测试路由协议实现在大规模路由抖动时的稳定性及其计算复杂度和可扩展性,并可广泛用于测试其他路由协议实现如RIP、BGP等.     

OFDM系统的基带自适应预失真器设计

针对OFDM系统中功率放大器的非线性,设计了一种功放自适应预失真器,提出了基于内插环路的同步处理、RASCAL算法的自适应查询表预失真技术。增加同步误差判定模块以及查询表刷新判定模块,保证系统在同步误差波动情况下可靠工作,实现了系统的自适应处理。仿真表明该方法可以在同步误差波动情况下将OFDM系统发射机功率谱泄露改善约17 dB。     

Path Clustering for Test Pattern Reduction of Variation-Aware Adaptive Path Delay Testing

In this study, a novel path clustering technique for adaptive path delay testing, where the test paths are altered according to the extracted device parameters, is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on the k-means++ algorithm. By considering the probability function of the die-to-die systematic process variation, the proposed algorithm clusters path sets to minimize the total number of test paths. A figure of merit for clustering, which represents the expected number of test paths, is also proposed for quantitatively evaluating path clustering under different conditions. The proposed clustering method is evaluated numerically by applying it to the OpenCores benchmark circuit. Using our clustering technique, the average number of test paths in the adaptive test is reduced to less than 92 % compared with those in the conventional test. In addition, adaptive testing using the proposed technique can reduce the test patterns by 94.26 % while retaining the test quality.     

防空导弹跟踪制导雷达抗干扰性能评估试验研究

为检验防空导弹跟踪制导雷达的抗干扰性能,充分反映雷达的作战使用效能,本研究设计了针对跟踪制导雷达抗干扰的外场飞行试验方案,深入研究了内场抗干扰功能仿真试验方法,采用外场飞行试验和内场仿真试验相结合的方法,为评估雷达的抗干扰性能提供确凿可靠的信息,从而提高试验鉴定结果的置信度。     

Software Testing Applications Based on a Virtual Reality System

Software testing is an important part of software engineering and has been more and more popular as the rapid growth of the software products market. Good skills of communication with clients and programmers play a significant role for a tester during the test process. This paper presents some important and basic software testing applications （such as static testing, dynamic testing, black-box testing, white-box testing and their combinations） based on a virtual reality system, named as rocket digital simulation system （RDSS）. Different testing methods are exercised during the software developing lifecycle and finally achieving significant quality improvement.     

Application of a Failure Driven Test Profile in Random Testing

Random testing techniques have been extensively used in reliability assessment, as well as in debug testing. When used to assess software reliability, random testing selects test cases based on an operational profile; while in the context of debug testing, random testing often uses a uniform distribution. However, generally neither an operational profile nor a uniform distribution is chosen from the perspective of maximizing the effectiveness of failure detection. Adaptive random testing has been proposed to enhance the failure detection capability of random testing by evenly spreading test cases over the whole input domain. In this paper, we propose a new test profile, which is different from both the uniform distribution, and operational profiles. The aim of the new test profile is to maximize the effectiveness of failure detection. We integrate this new test profile with some existing adaptive random testing algorithms, and develop a family of new random testing algorithms. These new algorithms not only distribute test cases more evenly, but also have better failure detection capabilities than the corresponding original adaptive random testing algorithms. As a consequence, they perform better than the pure random testing.      

Practical Kalman Filter Software Performance Testing & Validation

Several tests are described which can be used for any Kalman-type filter/smoother computer program. These tests are demonstrated by a case history on a large dimensional Kalman filter/smoother program which implements a 34-state inertial navigation system dynamic error model. The execution of a large dimensional Kalman filter/smoother (KFS) on real measurement data does not represent a software test of the KFS since the right answer (the correct underlying state vector) is unknown; only ``reasonableness checks' are actually possible. Simulated test data were used to exercise the KFS program in a Monte Carlo sense and its outputs evaluated using heuristic plot comparisons as well as rigorous statistical tests. Direct tests on the accuracy of the transition matrix, discrete process noise matrix, and covariance matrix calculations have been derived and demonstrated. Methods for testing properties of the Kalman filter innovations sequence are also covered. The approach and required auxiliary software that generates the test data can be employed to perform suboptimal modeling sensitivity studies and for evaluating analysis methods that depend on KFS estimates.     

超大相对孔径抛物面反射镜的补偿检验

在基于像差理论的基础上,对于超大相对孔径抛物面反射镜,提出了三片补偿镜和一片场镜的零位补偿检验方法,详细论述了补偿检验系统的设计过程,成功地设计了相对孔径为F0.6,口径为φ290 mm的抛物面反射镜的补偿检验系统,从整个设计的结果看出,检验系统的像差被很好的校正,完全达到衍射极限.     

The Computer-Aided Approach to Emission Testing

The use of the computer to obtain an Emission Measurement Automatic System (EMAS) is described. Major advantages are increased measurement accuracy and reduction of testing time and effort. Frequency accuracy better than 0.1 percent and amplitude accuracy (assuming an ideal calibrator) better than 0.5 dB have been demonstrated. The computer is used both for controlling the test execution and for off-line test results processing.     

基于虚拟仪器的继电保护测试系统研究

本文介绍了基于虚拟仪器的继电保护测试系统的组成和特点,分别对测试设备、USB程序设计做了较为详细的叙述.该系统实现了对继电保护的微机测试.由于采用虚拟仪器和通用串行总线(USB),可实现测试方案的灵活配置和测试功能的自由扩展.     

Testing of RF mixers with adaptive filters

This work describes a technique for testing RF mixers with digital adaptive filters. RF circuits are widely used on data transmission applications, such as wireless communication, radio and portable phone systems. However, traditional analog testing covers mainly linear circuits, being not suitable to non-linear pieces of hardware like analog mixers. Herein, an adaptive non-linear filter is trained so that it can mimic the behavior of a RF mixer. Then, a test stimulus is simultaneously applied to the filter and the mixer and the outputs of both circuits are compared to check whether the circuit under test is faulty or fault free. A prototype of a mixer was built in order to allow fault injection in the circuit under test. Thus, the detection capability of the proposed technique could be checked in a real life circuit. The preliminary results point to a very promising test technique. The test is very precise, low cost and allows a complete fault coverage with a very small testing time.