异育银鲫饲料中添加二氢吡啶的促生长试验

在1龄异育银鲫饲料中 ,按0mg/kg、200mg/kg、250mg/kg、300mg/kg、350mg/kg 和400mg/kg的梯度添加促生长剂二氢吡啶。经30d的饲养试验表明 ,试验组的生长速度较对照组有显著提高(P<0.05)。以增重率、成活率为指标进行比较后认为 :二氢吡啶的适宜添加量为300mg/kg。     

饲料添加微藻对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能及体成分的影响

本试验研究在饲料中添加微藻对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长性能及体成分的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加不同微藻,分成5个组进行饲喂,其中D0组为对照组,不添加任何微藻,D1组添加7.5％螺旋藻,D2组添加15％螺旋藻,D3组添加7.5％栅藻,D4组添加15％栅藻.结果表明,饲料中添加15％螺旋藻,尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率最...     

饲料中添加二氢吡啶对蓝狐体增重、皮张长度和皮重的影响

核心小料是把营养性物质添加剂(如雏生素、微量元素和氨基酸等)添加到常规饲料中,以弥补饲料中某些养分的不足,改善饲料品质并满足动物生产的营养需要.二氢吡啶是被广泛应用于畜禽及水产养殖中的一种非营养性添加剂.国内外研究表明,二氢吡啶能够提高畜禽的生长发育、繁殖能力和防病能力.研究通过对比试验来验证添加二氢吡啶的核心小料对蓝狐体增重、皮张长度和皮重的影响.     

日粮中添加二氢吡啶对雄性小鼠生殖激素的影响

80只6周龄的健康雄性昆明小白鼠,随机分成4组,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加200mg／kg,400mg／kg,800mg／kg的二氢吡啶,以探讨二氢吡啶对雄性小鼠内分泌机能的影响。结果表明,试验组小鼠血清中的FSH、LH和T均高于对照组,并随饲喂时间的增加,与对照组的差异越明显。     

日粮中添加二氢吡啶对肉兔受胎率和精液质量的影响

日粮中添加二氢吡啶对肉兔受胎率和精液质量的影响甘肃武威凉州种兔场７３３００５屈海，绿野，汪保生二氢吡啶是一种抗氧化剂，它可抑制生物膜氧化，提高生物膜中６－磷酸葡萄酶的活性，稳定生物细胞组织，从而提高受胎（精）率、产蛋（卵）率，促进动物生长，提高日增重...     

日粮中添加二氢吡啶对小鼠生长性能及精液品质的影响

80只6周龄的健康雄性昆明小白鼠,随机分成4组.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg和250 mg/kg的二氢吡啶.常规条件下饲养7周,探讨二氢吡啶对小鼠体重及精液品质的影响.结果表明:日粮中添加二氢吡啶,对小鼠增重有一定的促进作用(P>0.05);对小鼠精子密度和精子活率有显著提高(P<0.05);对降低死活精子数比值有一定的促进作用(P>0.05);能显著降低精子畸形率(P<0.05);对精液pH值几乎没有影响(P>0.05).     

不同饲料蛋白质水平对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长和鱼体组成的影响

用3种不同蛋白含量(23.1%、37.6%和47.9%)的配合饲料投喂吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼78d,结果显示,①随着饲料蛋白质含量从23.1%上升到47.9%,平均日增重从0.30g/d上升到0.74g/d,3组之间的日增重和体重有显著差异(P<0.05);饲料系数从1.53下降为0.98,3组之间的饲料系数有显著差异(P<0.05)。②不同的蛋白质水平对鱼体蛋白质和脂肪的含量有影响,各组之间差异显著(P<0.05),对灰分的影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。③蛋白含量为23.1%、37.6%和47.9%的配合饲料的成本分别为2.77元/kg、3.67元/kg、4.60元/kg。④初步认为蛋白含量为37.6%的配合饲料更适合吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼苗种培育的生产需要。     

二氢吡啶对畜禽影响的研究进展

二氢吡啶是一种非营养型绿色饲料添加剂,国内外研究表明其具有抗氧化、提高畜禽生产性能的作用.对二氢吡啶抑制脂类化合物的过氧化过程及其抑制生物膜的氧化,从而保护生物膜、稳定生物细胞组织等方面进行了介绍对二氢吡啶的结构、生理功能及其对畜禽生产性能、繁殖性能、热应激的影响进行了综述,并对其在畜禽生产上的应用前景进行了展望.     

植物叶蛋白对抗脂质过氧化作用酶系统的影响

选择40只生长后期的Wistar大鼠，随机分为4组，分别用含植物叶蛋白20、50、100、150g／kg的饲料饲喂，在第10、20、30、40d采心血，测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)的浓度。结果表明，植物叶蛋白可提高GSH-Px、SOD的活力，降低过氧化产物MDA的浓度，增加机体抗氧化酶系统的功能。     

日粮中添加二氢吡啶对肉用型种公牛精液生产及品质的影响

选择纯种夏洛来种公牛分两组,试验组每头牛按每千克体重5mg/d二氢吡啶喂量混合于精饲料中一次性喂给。结果表明,试验组较对照组鲜精活率、采精量/(头·次)、有效精液量/(头·次)、冻精产量/(头·月)分别提高12.75个百分点、0.7ml、0.8ml和304支,差异显著;平均体重、采精次数、精子密度、畸形率、顶体完整率则组间无显著差异(P＞0.05)。     

奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼饲料中适宜脂肪水平的研究

为研究奥尼罗非鱼仔稚饲料中最适脂肪水平,采用脂肪水平分别为3%、5%、7%、9%、11%和13%的6种饲料投喂奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼28d。结果表明:(1)随着饲料脂肪含量从3%上升到11%,增重率先升高,在11%到达最高值,随后又逐渐下降,11%组显著高于其他各组,特定生长率、成活率的变化趋势与增重率相似,饲料脂肪水平不影响鱼的肥满度。饲料脂肪添加水平和增重率的二次回归分析表明,饲料脂肪含量在10.98%时,罗非鱼仔稚鱼有最大的增重效果。(2)鱼体水分、蛋白质和灰分含量随饲料脂肪水平的升高而显著下降(P0.05),体脂肪随饲料脂肪含量的升高而升高(P0.05)。(3)胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性随饲料脂肪含量升高而显著下降(P0.05),脂肪酶活性则随饲料脂肪含量升高而不断升高。     

不同储藏温度和时间对长白猪肌肉pH、失水率及脂质氧化的影响

研究测定了长白猪屠宰后12h肌肉pH的下降速度、极限值和肌间脂肪氧化速度,及不同储藏温度和时间对肌肉pH值、失水率及脂质氧化的影响。结果表明:屠宰后0～5h长白猪肌肉pH值下降速度较快,9～12hTBA值变化速度较快。4℃条件下,储存时间对长白猪肌肉pH影响不显著,对滴水损失影响极显著,TBA值影响显著;-20℃冷冻条件下,储存时间对长白猪肌肉pH、TBA影响显著,对解冻失水率影响不显著。温度对pH值和TBA值的影响不明显,对滴水损失和解冻失水率有极显著的影响。通过回归分析,长白猪肌肉滴水损失和解冻失水率随pH升高而降低;-20℃条件下TBA值随pH升高而升高。     

三七总皂苷对罗非鱼体成分及非特异免疫的影响

试验研究了饲料中添加不同水平的三七总皂苷对罗非鱼肌肉营养成分和血清及肝胰脏非特异免疫的影响。选取同一放养批次健康的罗非鱼,随机分为6组。其中第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础饲料,其余5组为三七总皂苷组(2～6组),分别饲喂添加50、100、200、400和800mg/kg三七总皂苷试验饲料。每组3个重复,每个重复70尾,进行60d的养殖试验。结果显示:试验组与对照组相比,肌肉基本营养成分差异不显著(P0.05),4、5、6试验组与对照组相比,肌肉丙二醛含量和胆固醇含量显著降低(P0.05);添加适宜水平的三七总皂苷,可以显著提高罗非鱼血清溶菌酶活性、血清及肝胰脏酸性磷酸酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性,增强罗非鱼血清及肝胰脏非特性免疫功能。     

Effects of vitamin A supplementation in young lambs on performance, serum lipid, and longissimus muscle lipid composition

Forty crossbred wethers (BW = 28.7 kg) were used to evaluate the effects on LM lipid composition of diets containing high and low levels of vitamin A. Four treatments arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial with a completely random design were investigated: backgrounding (BG) and finishing (FN) with no supplemental vitamin A (LL); BG with no supplemental vitamin A and FN with high vitamin A (6,600 IU/kg of diet, as fed) supplementation (LH); BG with high vitamin A supplementation and FN with no vitamin A supplementation (HL); and BG and FN with high vitamin A (HH) supplementation. Diets included cracked corn (62.4%), soybean meal (16.0%), cottonseed hull pellets (14.8%), and supplement (7%), and contained <100 IU of vitamin A/kg (as fed) from carotenes before vitamin A was added. During the BG period (d 1 to 56), feed intake was restricted to achieve 0.22 kg of ADG. During the FN period (d 57 to 112), lambs consumed the same diet ad libitum. Lambs were weighed every 14 d, and blood was sampled every 28 d to evaluate changes in serum fatty acids and vitamin A levels. Lambs were slaughtered after 112 d. Lipid composition was determined for liver and LM. There were no treatment differences (P > 0.05) in feed intake, ADG, or final BW. Carcass weights were not affected by vitamin A treatment (P > 0.20), although backfat thickness tended to be different between HL and LL lambs (0.80 vs. 0.64 cm, respectively; P = 0.08). Carcasses from the HH group had greater (P < 0.05) marbling scores than those from the LL group (514 vs. 459) and had 25.8% more extractable intramuscular lipids (3.88 vs. 3.08% for HH and LL, respectively; P < 0.05); the LH and HL treatments were intermediate. Interestingly, the LL group had the greatest increase in serum fatty acids throughout the experimental period (change of 127 vs. 41 microg/g for LL and HH, respectively; P < 0.01). The degree of saturation of fatty acids was not affected by treatment (P = 0.18) in the serum but was affected in the longissimus thoracis fat. Oleic acid increased and linoleic acid decreased in the longissimus thoracis of HH-treated lambs (P < 0.02). These data suggest that increases in total intramuscular lipids may be achieved with high levels of vitamin A supplementation for 112 d in young lambs.     

日粮蛋白质水平及组成对动物免疫功能的影响

<正>在临床和试验方面,有关蛋白质营养与免疫的研究很广泛,得到较为一致的结论:蛋白质缺乏将会降低机体抗感染能力和淋巴器官发育;降低细胞免疫、体液免疫功能,降低巨噬细胞的数量与活性,相反蛋白质过剩也会加重机体的代谢负荷,影响动物免疫功能的发挥。氨基酸与免疫功能关系的研究主要集中在     

贮藏条件对南极磷虾粉脂质氧化稳定性的影响

研究旨在探讨不同贮藏条件对南极磷虾粉品质的影响。以游离脂肪酸含量、过氧化值、茴香胺值和虾青素含量为指标,结合雷达图分析法,对真空包装、维生素E(VE)添加、真空包装结合VE添加等3种贮藏条件下南极磷虾粉的脂质氧化稳定性进行评价。结果表明,在60℃条件下贮藏30 d,磷虾粉脂质发生氧化劣变,游离脂肪酸由(4.36±0.13)%升高至(8.04±0.13)%,过氧化值由(3.54±0.15) meq/kg升高至(6.85±0.18) meq/kg,茴香胺值由(37.7±9.05)升高至(165.05±5.23),虾青素由添加或二者结合的贮藏条件,均可抑制磷虾粉脂质的氧化劣变。雷达图分析结果显示,宜采用的贮藏条件优先顺序为:真空包装+VE添加真空包装VE添加。贮藏过程中隔绝空气接触并添加抗氧化剂VE更加有利于南极磷虾粉的品质保持。     

二氢吡啶对猪生长发育和肉质性能影响的研究

二氢吡啶 (Diludin)的化学名称为 2、6 -二甲基 - 3、5 -二乙酯基 - 1、4 -二氢吡啶 ,具有抗氧化、提高畜禽生产性能等多种作用 ,是一种良好的饲料添加剂 ,目前已广泛应用到畜禽生产中。我国利用二氢吡啶的研究主要集中在家禽上 ,二氢吡啶对猪生长发育的研究较少 ,对猪肉质影响的报道更少 ,为进一步探讨猪饲料中二氢吡啶的最佳添加浓度和对肉质的影响 ,进行了本次试验。1　材料和方法1 1　二氢吡啶　由北京桑普生物化学技术有限公司提供。1 2　地点和试验期　本研究在江西某猪场进行 ,试验期为 1 0 0d。1 3　试猪及分组　试验选择体重、…     

Betaine affects muscle lipid metabolism via regulating the fatty acid uptake and oxidation in finishing pig

Background: Betaine affects fat metabolism in animals, but the specific mechanism is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms of betaine in altering lipid metabolism in muscle tissue in finishing pigs.Methods: A total of 120 crossbred gilts(Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average initial body weight of 70.1 kg were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments. The treatments included a corn–soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0, 1250 or 2500 mg/kg betaine. The feeding experiment lasted 42 d.Results: Betaine addition to the diet significantly increased the concentration of free fatty acids(FFA) in muscle(P 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased(P 0.05) and total cholesterol content was increased in muscle(P 0.05) of betaine fed pigs. Experiments on genes involved in fatty acid transport showed that betaine increased expression of lipoprotein lipase(LPL), fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation(FAT/CD36), fatty acid binding protein(FABP3) and fatty acid transport protein(FATP1)(P 0.05). The abundance of fatty acid transport protein and fatty acid binding protein were also increased by betaine(P 0.05). As for the key factors involved in fatty acid oxidation, although betaine supplementation didn't affect the level of carnitine and malonyl-CoA, betaine increased mR NA and protein abundance of carnitine palmitransferase-1(CPT1)and phosphorylated-AMPK(P 0.05).Conclusions: The results suggested that betaine may promoted muscle fatty acid uptake via up-regulating the genes related to fatty acid transporter including FAT/CD36, FATP1 and FABP3. On the other hand, betaine activated AMPK and up-regulated genes related to fatty acid oxidation including PPARα and CPT1. The underlying mechanism regulating fatty acid metabolism in pigs supplemented with betaine is associated with the up-regulation of genes involved in fatty acid transport and fatty acid oxidation.