磺酸功能化离子液体催化不饱和脂肪酸甲酯的环氧化研究

The epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs)by peroxyacetic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid was studied in the presence of SO3H-functional Brnsted acidic ionic liquid (IL)[C3SO3HMIM][HSO4]as catalyst.The effects of hydrogen peroxide/ethylenic unsaturation ratio,acetic acid concentration,IL concentration,recycling of the IL catalyst,and temperature on the conversion to oxirane were studied.The kinetics and thermodynamics of unsaturated FAMEs epoxidation and the kinetics of oxirane cleavage of the epoxidized FAMEs by acetic acid were also studied.The conversion of ethylenic unsaturation group to oxirane, the reaction rate of the conversion to oxirane,and the rate of hydrolysis(oxirane cleavage)were higher by using the IL catalyst.     

单过氧丁二酸氧化环己酮合成ε-己内酯(英文)

In the absence of catalyst, 70% hydrogen peroxide was used to oxidize succinic anhydride to solid monoperoxysuccinic acid（PSA）. Then PSA was applied to synthesis of ε-caprolactone（ε-CL） by oxidation of cyclohexanone in the heterogeneous system. In order to achieve material recycle, solid precipitated in the process of synthesizing ε-CL was dehydrated via reactive distillation followed by recrystallization to prepare succinic anhydride, which was characterized by IR（infrared spectra） and1HNMR（1H nuclear magnetic resonance）. Effects of molar ratio of PSA to cyclohexanone, acetic acid dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time on conversion of cyclohexanone, yield and selectivity of ε-CL were investigated respectively. The results indicated that conversion of cyclohexanone, yield and selectivity of ε-CL were upto 98.1%, 97.5% and 99.4% respectively under the optimal conditions. In addition, in the process of synthesizing succinic anhydride, the optimal yield of succinic anhydride reached 67.4%.     

三相体系中TS-1分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化制环己酮肟(英文)

An innovative green process of producing ε-caprolactam was proposed by integrating ammoximation and Beckmann rearrangement effectively. As a first part of the new process, TS-1 molecular sieve-catalyzed synthesis of cyclohexanone oxime from cyclohexanone, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide was carried out in a batch plant. Cyclohexane was used as the solvent in the three-phase reaction system. The influences of essential process parameters on ammoximation were investigated. Under the reaction conditions as catalyst content of 2.5% (by mass); H 2 O 2 /yclohexanone molar ratio of 1.10; NH 3 /cyclohexanone molar ratio of 2.20; reaction temperature of 343 K; reaction time of 5 h, high conversion of cyclohexanone and selectivity to oxime (both>99%) were obtained. Thus, the three-phase ammoximation process showed equal catalytic activity as TS-1 but much more convenient and simpler for the separation of catalyst in comparison to the industrial two-phase system with t-butanol used as solvent.     

Preparation of Peracetic Acid from Acetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide: Experimentation and Modeling

Based on the kinetic equations and equilibrium constants, some mathematic models were developed for calculating peracetic acid (PAA) concentration, equilibrium conversion rate of hydrogen peroxide, etc. The effects of several parameters on PAA synthesis were investigated by experimentation and modeling. The equilibrium constants determined from the forward and reverse rate constants at 293, 303, 313 and 323 K were 2.91, 2.81, 2.72 and 2.63, respectively. The models could predict the values of equilibrium concentration of PAA with average relative deviation of less than 10%. Both of the experimental and model-calculated results demonstrated that temperature and catalyst loading were the most important factors affecting the rate of PAA synthesis, but high temperature led to the decrease of equilibrium concentration of PAA. According to the model, the reaction could achieve equilibrium within 24 h when operated at 303 K with 1%~1.5%(w) sulfuric acid as catalyst. Additionally, when using anhydrous acetic acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide to prepare PAA, the volumetric ratio of the two solutions should be in the range of 1.2~1.5 in order to obtain the highest equilibrium concentration of PAA. This study can serve as a step towards the further optimization of PAA synthesis and some other related investigations.     

用过氧化氢和乙酸对未经氢化处理的煤油进行直接氧化脱硫

The oxidative desulfurization of a real refinery feedstock (i.e., non-hydrotreated kerosene with total sulfur mass content of 0.16%) with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid was studied. The influences of various operating parameters including reaction temperature (T), acid to sulfur molar ratio (nacid/nS), and oxidant to sulfur molar ratio (nO/nS) on the sulfur removal of kerosene were investigated. The results revealed that an increase in the reaction temperature (T) and nacid/nS enhances the sulfur removal. Moreover, there is an optimum nO/nS related to the reaction temperature and the best sulfur removal could be obtained at nO/nS 8 and 23 for the reaction temperatures of 25 and 60C, respectively. The maximum observed sulfur removal in the present oxidative desulfurization system was 83.3%.     

硅烷处理N2O氧化苯生产苯酚催化剂抑制结碳失活研究

The main cause to the deactivation of ZSM-5 catalyst, used for oxidation of benzene to phenol (BTOP) by nitrous oxide, is that the carbon deposition on the catalyst surface blocks the mouth of pores of the catalyst.In the experiments, ZSM-5 catalyst was modified by chemical surface deposition of silicon, and then the effect of modification condition on the catalyst activation was studied. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRF,EPS, XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption at low temperature, pyridine adsorption-infrared technique and etc. All the above results show that the uniform SiO2 membrane can be formed on ZSM-5 crystal surface. The SiO2 membrane covers the acid centers on ZSM-5 surface to inhibit surface coking, to avoid or decrease the possibility of ZSM-5 pore blockage so that the catalyst activity and stability can be improved efficiently. The optimum siliconiting conditions determined by the experiments are as follows: 4% load of silanizing agent, volume (ml)/mass (g) ratio of hexane/ZSM-5=15/1, and 16 h of modification time. Compared with the samples without siliconiting treatment,the samples treated under the above optimum condition can increase the productivity of phenol by 14% for 3 h reaction time and by 41% for 6 h reaction time respectively.     

固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3的制备及其催化合成缩醛（酮）

SO4^2-/TiO2-MoO3, a novel solid superacid, has been prepared and its catalytic activity at different synthetic conditions was examined with esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol as probing reaction.The optimum conditions were also found, that is, the mass ratio of MoO3 used in the compound is 25%, the calcination temperature 450℃, and the soaked consistency of H2SO4 is 0.5mol.L^-1. Then it was applied in the catalytic synthesis of six similar important ketals and acetals as catalyst and revealed high catalytic activity. Under the condition that the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol was 1:1.5, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the reactants was 0.5% and the reaction time 1.0 h, the yield of ketals and acetals reached up to 63.2%. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused.     

One-step Continuous Phenol Synthesis Technology via Selective Hydroxylation of Benzene over Ultrafine TS-1 in a Submerged Ceramic Membrane Reactor☆

A new route towards phenol production by one-step selective hydroxylation of benzene with hydrogen peroxide over ultrafine titanium silicalites-1 (TS-1) in a submerged ceramic membrane reactor was deve...     

微波溶剂法合成天冬氨酸-谷氨酸共聚物研究

Polyaspartic acid（PASP）is suitable for the inhibition of scale deposition from water.To enhance its inhibition efficiency,PASP was modified by reacting aspartic acid（Asp）with glutamic acid（Glu）to provide Asp-Glu copolymer under microwave irradiation.The influence of reaction parameters on conversion,molecular weight and inhibition of CaCO3 precipitation was investigated Infra-red.（IR）, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance（ 1H NMR）and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance（ 13C NMR）spectroscopies were used to characterize the copolymer.The results show that copolymerization of aspartic acid and glutamic acid is catalyzed by a small amount of phosphorous acid （H3PO4）in solvent,the product conversion is 98.05%under the following conditions：the molar ratio of glutamic acid to reactant[Glu/（Asp＋Glu）]is 0.3 and that of catalyst（Cat）to reactant[Cat/（Glu＋Asp）]is 0.05（0.65ml H3PO4）,the volume of solvent dimethylformamide is 16ml,the microwave power used is 720W and the reaction for 3 min.The weight average molecular weight of copolymer synthesized under these conditions is 2709 and the inhibition rate for CaCO3 is 97.75%.     

The cooperation effect of Ni and Pt in the hydrogenation of acetic acid

The catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acid to alcohols is one of the important strategies for the conversion of biomass.Herein,a series of Ni-doped PtSn catalysts were prepared,characterized and studied in the hydrogenation of acetic acid.The Ni dopant has a strong interaction with Pt,which promotes the hydrogen adsorption,providing an activated hydrogen-rich environment for the hydrogenation.Meanwhile,the presence of Ni also improves the Pt dispersion,giving more accessible active sites for hydrogen activation.The cooperation of Pt and Ni significantly promotes the catalytic activity of the hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol.As a result,the catalyst with 0.1%Ni exhibits the best reaction activity,and its space time yield is twice as that of the PtSn/SiO2 catalyst.It provides a meaningful instruction on the catalyst design for the carboxylic acid hydrogenation.     

合成钼钒磷杂多酸的新方法及其催化性能

通过反应含化学计量的MoO3、V2O5和H3PO4的混合液,开发了一种环境友好制备钼钒磷杂多酸H3+nPMo12-nVnO40•xH2O (PMoVn,n=1～3) 的方法。通过ICP元素分析,TG、XRD和IR等表征,证明钒原子取代钼进入了杂多酸的Keggin骨架。在以冰乙酸和乙腈的混合物为溶剂,双氧水为氧化剂,催化苯羟基化制取苯酚的反应中,所制备的催化剂表现出良好的催化活性。其中,PMoV2具有最高的活性,对应的苯转化率为34.5％,苯酚的选择性为100％。     

甲醇-水体系中苯羟基化制苯酚的研究

多步法合成苯酚中需加入酸及有机试剂,容易造成环境污染。在TS-1分子筛与过氧化氢形成的体系中苯一步羟基化合成苯酚的方法,由于反应条件温和,绿色环保,引起了研究者的关注,但目前的文献报道都基于单一溶剂体系,研究结果各有差异。在甲醇-水两元混合体系中,通过改变两者比例来调整溶液极性,采用TS-1分子筛为催化剂,双氧水为氧化剂,研究了TS-1分子筛直接催化苯羟基化制苯酚的反应。结果表明,当n(水)∶n(甲醇)=0.78、反应时间4h、催化剂用量TS-1/苯为17.5g/mol、n(过氧化氢)∶n(苯)=4.76、反应温度为60℃,苯酚的收率在甲醇-水体系中明显优于单一溶剂,并在此条件下,加入冰醋酸量为n(冰醋酸)∶n(苯)=0.31时,苯酚收率可达12.82%。     

Cu-Ni/γ-Al_2O_3的制备及其催化苯羟基化反应性能

用程序升温还原方法合成了Cu-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂,使苯直接羟基化合成苯酚。对该反应过程中,反应温度、反应溶剂、反应原料的不同配比等因素的影响进行了探讨。采用H2-TPR、XRD等技术考察了CuO、NiO的还原状态,确定了最佳还原温度和最佳反应条件:在350℃的还原温度下,当反应温度为70℃、水为反应溶剂、n(H2O)∶n(C6H6)=40∶1、n(H2O2)∶n(C6H6)=5∶1时,苯转化率为36.2%,苯酚选择性为86.3%,苯酚收率为31.2%。     

一种高性能的苯酚羟基化用复合氧化物催化剂

用Hβ沸石对复合氧化物进行修饰和改性,制得一种高性能苯酚羟基化用复合氧化物催化剂Fe Hβ80〔w(Hβ) =7%〕。以Fe Hβ80做催化剂,对羟基化反应工艺条件进行了优化,优化的反应工艺条件为:反应温度65~70℃,反应时间0 25~0 5h,m(苯酚) /m(催化剂) =294~883,n(苯酚) /n(H2O2 ) =3 00~5 78,m(苯酚) /m(水) =0 43~0 91。以Fe Hβ80作催化剂,去离子水为溶剂,反应温度65℃,反应时间30min,苯酚5 3g,m(苯酚) /m(催化剂) =294,n(苯酚) /n(H2O2 ) =3 00,溶剂水10 0g,反应结果表明,羟基化反应诱导期不到1min,苯酚转化率22 3%,苯二酚选择性91 9%,过氧化氢有效利用率62 1%。与Fe Cu Sn Zn O/γAl2O3、Fe Mg O/γAl2O3 和TS分子筛等典型苯酚羟基化用催化剂相比较,由于Hβ沸石能为复合氧化物催化剂提供合适的酸性中心,从而缩短了苯酚羟基化反应诱导期,提高了催化活性和目标产物选择性,降低了过氧化氢在反应器中积累所带来的风险。Fe Hβ80催化剂用量仅为TS分子筛的1 /29 4(质量比), 但羟基化反应诱导期仅1min(TS分子筛为120min),证明Fe Hβ80是一种高性能的苯酚羟基化用催化剂。     

酸性中心对复合氧化物催化苯酚羟基化反应的影响

铁基复合氧化物催化苯酚羟基化反应具有明显的诱导期,适当引入酸性中心,在氧化还原活性位的共同存在下,可以迅速缩短羟基化反应的诱导期;酸性中心弱或没有采用酸改性的复合氧化物催化剂,对苯酚羟基化反应催化作用活性低,催化剂用量大,反应诱导期不稳定。乙酸、乙酸酐等有机弱酸可以直接加入羟基化反应体系。对复合氧化物催化剂进行后处理改性,引入适当的酸性中心,有助于提高催化剂的活性,缩短甚至消除羟基化反应诱导期,避免由于未反应过氧化氢的积累增加反应器运行的风险,提高过氧化氢有效利用率和目标产物选择性。将5.3g苯酚、0.051g催化剂、过氧化氢与苯酚的物质的量比为0.33,在65℃下,于10.6g溶剂水中反应,时间为30min,反应诱导期仅5min,苯酚转化率达21.2%,苯二酚选择性为92.9%,过氧化氢有效利用率为59.6%。分析了直接加入酸性中心和对复合氧化物催化剂进行酸改性所带来的问题,推测了苯酚羟基化反应的机理。     

负载型铁基复合金属氧化物对苯直接羟基化反应催化作用的研究

对负载型铁基复合金属氧化物对苯羟基化反应的催化作用进行了研究,并考察了催化剂及用量、溶剂、进料比、反应温度和反应时间对羟基化反应的影响。     

Nd-Cr/Al_2O_3催化剂上苯直接氧化制苯酚的动力学研究

研究了苯直接氧化制苯酚反应的动力学行为。推测了Nd-Cr/Al2O3催化剂上过氧化氢氧化苯为苯酚的反应过程,建立了该反应动力学数学模型,模型很好的解释了实验结果。结果表明,在实验条件下,该羟基化反应对反应物苯、氧化剂过氧化氢和催化剂用量都是一级反应,反应的活化能为24.41 kJ/mol。     

金属改性的FSM-16分子筛催化苯与过氧化氢合成苯酚

研究了金属改性的FSM-16分子筛在催化苯与过氧化氢合成苯酚反应中的应用,其中钒改性的FSM-16分子筛显示了较好的活性和高的选择性。当温度为323 K,反应时间为10 h,n(H2O2)∶n(C6H6)=1∶1,乙酸作溶剂,在催化剂V-FSM-16上得到苯的转化率为5.8%,苯酚的选择性为98.8%。催化剂的红外光谱和XRD的表征表明,钒进入了分子筛的骨架中。     

钼酸铈催化苯酚-过氧化氢羟基化研究

以硝酸铈和钼酸铵为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和微波加热技术制备了Ce2Mo3O12纳米微粒催化剂,使用XRD、TEM以及BET比表面测试等技术对催化剂进行了表征,研究了Ce2Mo3O12纳米微粒对苯酚-过氧化氢羟基化反应的催化活性,探讨了H2O2/phOH摩尔比、反应介质、反应温度以及反应体系pH等对苯酚羟基化反应活性的影响。实验结果表明:所制备的样品为白钨矿型纳米微粒,粒子的比表面积为74.8m2/g,粒径约为12nm。在所选定的反应条件下,苯酚的转化率达51.6%,苯二酚的产率为51.0%。     

TS-1/堇青石整体催化剂催化苯酚羟基化制苯二酚

以市售TS-1分子筛为活性组分,蜂窝状堇青石陶瓷为载体,硅溶胶(30%水溶液)为黏结剂,采用涂覆法制备TS-1/堇青石整体催化剂,并用于催化苯酚和过氧化氢(30%水溶液)的羟基化反应。在自制强制外循环间歇反应器中考察反应温度、反应时间、TS-1负载量和n(苯酚)∶n(过氧化氢)等对苯酚羟基化的影响。结果表明,添加硅溶胶后,牢固度有了很大提高。在以水为溶剂、n(苯酚)∶n(过氧化氢)=3∶1、m(H_2O)∶m(苯酚)=5∶1、m(苯酚)∶m(TS-1)=10∶1和60℃条件下反应6 h,苯酚转化率为28.3%,苯二酚选择性为93.2%。