口服乳果糖溶液对蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘的预防

目的探讨口服乳果糖口服溶液对蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘的预防。方法将200例首发蛛网膜下腔出血患者随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组口服乳果糖口服液患者75例。对照组未服乳果糖口服液患者125例,给予常规护理。实验组在常规护理的基础上,于入院后即口服乳果糖口服液10ml,2次/d,连续口服10d。记录患者每天的排便情况。结果对照组蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘的发生率为40.8%,实验组蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘的发生率为25.3%,2组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论口服乳果糖口服液对蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘有较好的预防作用,且口服方便,易于被患者和家属接受。     

口服乳果糖溶液对蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘的预防

目的探讨口服乳果糖口服溶液对蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘的预防。方法将200例首发蛛网膜下腔出血患者随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组口服乳果糖口服液患者75例。对照组未服乳果糖口服液患者125例,给予常规护理。实验组在常规护理的基础上,于入院后即口服乳果糖口服液10ml,2次/d,连续口服10d。记录患者每天的排便情况。结果对照组蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘的发生率为40.8%,实验组蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘的发生率为25.3%,2组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论口服乳果糖口服液对蛛网膜下腔出血后便秘有较好的预防作用,且口服方便,易于被患者和家属接受。     

蛛网膜下腔出血45例的护理

目的 探讨护理干预对蛛网膜下腔再出血的意义,总结蛛网膜下腔出血的护理经验.方法 对45例蛛网膜下腔出血患者入院后给予严密的病情观察,身心护理,饮食护理及恢复期活动休息等.结果 45例患者再出血3例,死亡1例,未出现一例肺部感染,褥疮等并发症.结论 对蛛网膜下腔出血患者实施护理干预可有效降低再出血的发生率及病死率.     

音乐疗法配合优质服务在蛛网膜下腔再出血患者中的应用

目的:探讨音乐疗法配合优质服务在蛛网膜下腔再出血患者中的应用效果。方法:将186例蛛网膜下腔出血患者随机分为观察组和对照组各93例,观察组采用音乐疗法配合优质护理服务,对照组采用常规护理方法进行护理。结果:两组再出血发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:音乐疗法配合优质服务在预防蛛网膜下腔再出血中作用显著,可降低再出血发生率,减轻患者的痛苦。     

综合护理干预对蛛网膜下腔出血患者并发症的影响

目的:探讨综合护理干预对蛛网膜下腔出血患者并发症的影响。方法:将120例蛛网膜下腔出血患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在此基础上给予综合护理干预,比较两组并发症发生率及再出血诱因发生率。结果:观察组并发症发生率及再出血诱因发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在蛛网膜下腔出血患者中实施综合护理干预,可有效降低患者住院期间并发症发生率及再出血诱因发生率。     

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血再出血的预防及护理

在因蛛网膜下腔出血死亡的患者中 ,6 5 6 %的患者死于复发[1] ,预防复发 ,加强护理是治疗本病 ,降低死亡率的关键。 1996年 6月至 1998年 8月 ,我们收治蛛网膜下腔出血 84例 ,15例发生再出血。现将护理体会报告如下。1　临床资料84例中男 31例 ,女 5 3例 ,33～ 84岁 ,平均 48 9岁。再出血 15例 ,占17 9% ,女 11例 ,男 4例 ,平均 45岁 ,其中 2例发生 3次出血。再出血15例中 ,因情绪波动 5例 ,下地走动、到厕所大小便等 8例 ,做恶梦 2例。死亡 11例 ,死亡率为 73 3%。2　预防及护理2 1　病初 4～ 6周 ,应绝对卧床休息　由于出血后第 3天至第…     

蛛网膜下腔出血患者排便的护理干预

阐述了对蛛网膜下腔出血患者的排便问题在常规护理的基础上 ,以护理程序为指导 ,通过评估影响患者排便的因素 ,制定护理目标、护理计划 ,采取一系列护理措施 ,如做好患者的心理护理、饮食护理、行按摩通便法、温水泡足疗法、指导正确的排便方法等 ,并及时进行效果评价 ,有效地防止了便秘的发生 ,且蛛网膜下腔再出血的发生率明显下降     

护理干预对蛛网膜下腔出血患者便秘的影响

目的 探讨护理干预对蛛网膜下腔出血患者便秘的影响.方法 采用随机分组,实验组采取护理干预措施,对照组采取神经内科护理常规.结果 2组患者排便情况、便秘相关反应比较差异显著.结论 护理干预减少蛛网膜下腔出血患者便秘的发生,提高抢救成功率.     

蛛网膜下腔再出血的原因分析及护理对策

蛛网膜下腔出血是一种突发的急症 ,起病急骤 ,多无前驱症状 ,多以剧烈难以忍受的头痛开始 ,常伴有恶心、呕吐。本病的预后与病因、病情 ,是否合并血管痉挛 ,是否复发及得到适当的治疗有关。其中再出血率为 15 .8% ,再出血是引起患者死亡最危险的因素[1-2 ] 。因此 ,再出血的预防是蛛网膜下腔出血护理的重要环节。 1997年 1月～ 1999年 12月 ,我科共收治蛛网膜下腔出血患者 5 8例 ,其中再出血 5例 ,再出血率为 8.6 %。现将复发原因分析及护理对策介绍如下。1　临床资料5 8例患者均为住院患者 ,男 32例 ,女 2 6例 ,年龄 19～73岁。再出血 5例…     

护理干预对蛛网膜下腔出血患者便秘的影响

目的探讨护理干预对蛛网膜下腔出血患者便秘的影响。方法采用随机分组，实验组采取护理干预措施，对照组采取神经内科护理常规。结果2组患者排便情况、便秘相关反应比较差异显著。结论护理干预减少蛛网膜下腔出血患者便秘的发生，提高抢救成功率。     

门脉高压性胃病的护理

目的：总结门脉高压性胃病的临床护理经验。方法：为76例门脉高压性胃病患实施整体护理，采取健康教育，制定饮食护理措施，重视心理护理及用药护理。结果：76例患中74例未再发生出血，有效率97％，46例复查胃镜表现胃黏膜病损得到明显改善。结论：加强对门脉高压性胃病患的护理，不仅避免了相关致病因素的损害，而且减少了并发症的发生，亦缩短了病程，促进了患康复。     

Sentinel headaches in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: what is the true incidence? A systematic review

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the incidence of sentinel headache reported by patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, and whether they are likely to be due to recall bias or to misdiagnosis of a previous haemorrhage. Nine studies of good quality, which reported the number of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage with a history of sentinel headache, gave rates of 10% to 43%. Two case-control studies, in which the frequency of a history of sentinel headache in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage was compared with that in controls with non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage or with stroke, gave an incidence of 5% (95% confidence interval 0.5, 16) in controls, suggesting that only a small number of apparent sentinel headaches are due to recall bias. Sentinel headaches appear to be a real entity. Their true incidence may vary from near zero to about 40% according to the rate of misdiagnosis in the community under consideration.     

Subarachnoid haemorrhage and vasospasm: using physiological theory to generate nursing interventions.

Caring for critically ill patients with a subarachnoid haemorrhage and preventing its most prevalent and devastating complication, vasospasm, requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms which underpin the physiology of SAH. This is essential to provide appropriate nursing practice derived from theory. All too often practitioners are asked to follow unsubstantiated regimes without question of the origins of practices. This paper approaches the physiological theory underpinning the mechanisms surrounding subarachnoid haemorrhage and the altered cerebral and extracerebral dysfunction which can occur. Physiological theory is analysed to generate nursing interventions which may be individually tailored to provide comprehensive nursing care with a sound underpinning to its practice. The foundations of effective management of SAH lies within prevention, early diagnosis, and correction of complications [Neurosurg. Clin. North Am. 9 (3) (1998) 595]. In order for such identification to take place, it is essential to have an understanding of the physiological theory that underpins the basis of care interventions. These interventions should compliment all other theoretical input that influences patient care and nursing practice, contributing to a holistic, dynamically formulated plan of care.     

Management of fluid and hydration in patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage - an action research project

Background. The contemporary role of the nurse in managing fluid and hydration in patients is currently ill‐defined. Considering the pivotal function nurses have in the delivery of fluid therapies, and the high priority such therapies have in the successful treatment and prevention of secondary brain injury in subarachnoid haemorrhage, the clarification of this role is essential. Aims and objectives. This research aims to clarify the nurse's role in fluid therapies in relation to subarachnoid haemorrhage. The objectives were to determine how nurses presently see their role in relation to fluid management in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage, to determine the cues to guide their practice, and how this role corresponds to current patient care. A final objective was to identify how the nurse's role can be maximized to provide optimal patient care. Methodological design. This project takes an action research approach to examining the nurse's role in the care of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. A combination of focus groups, physiological data, nursing and medical documentation and a review of recent literature were used to meet the aims and objectives of the project. Results. The results illustrate that, while nurses involved in the study are knowledgeable about fluid and hydration in subarachnoid haemorrhage, they have an ambiguity surrounding their role. Improvements can be made in the quality of patient care through educational sessions for staff and clarification of medical and nursing interdisciplinary roles. Conclusion. This action research project has gone a considerable distance towards begin clarifying this role, and has illustrated clearly that the nurse's role is pivotal to the successful implementation of such treatments. With further education and collaboration with the interdisciplinary team the nurses’ role can be expanded to provide optimal, and dynamic patient‐centred care. Relevance to clinical practice. The results of this study highlight gaps within contemporary nursing and medical approaches to patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage, highlighting areas for improvement. It also begins to clarify the role of the nurse, with evidence of the cues they use to guide their practice.     

产科系统化整体护理模式的应用研究

目的 :探讨既体现妇幼保健专业特色 ,适合国情 ,又提高围产期保健质量的系统化整体护理模式。方法 :对 1999年至 2 0 0 0年 12月在我院分娩的产妇 12 15例实施围产期一体化整体护理 (研究组 ) ,采取产前健康教育渗透、分娩过程的良性护理介入 (呼吸训练、音乐疗法、暗示疗法、美学渗透、Doula式分娩 )、病房开展协同式护理、产后访视、护理人员心态调查等形式 ,并与 1997年 10月至 1998年 12月在我院分娩的 110 6例 (对照组 )进行比较。结果 :研究组与对照组相比 ,产妇增强了产前认知 ,缩短了产程 ,减少了新生儿窒息及产后出血的发生率 ,角色的适应性增强 ,产妇的自护能力提高 ,子宫复旧、恶露时间缩短 ,母婴产褥期患病下降 ,新生儿生理性体重丢失减少 ,母乳喂养提高 ,护士心理素质提高 ,社会满意度、围产期保健质量也明显提高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :围产期一体化整体护理模式适合国情 ,提高了围产期保健质量 ,同时也促进了护理事业的发展     

整体护理在口腔正畸患者治疗中的应用与分析

目的了解并分析正畸患者的心理问题及实施系统化整体护理对口腔正畸患者的临床效果。方法将128例错拾畸形患者随机分成2组，对照组（62例）采用传统的功能制护理模式，实验组（66例）实施系统化的整体护理模式，用自行设计量表以问卷、面谈和观察相结合的形式对患者进行评价，并对结果进行分析。结果实验组对临床护理服务的满意率为98.48％，对照组则为82．26％，实验组临床效果优于对照组（P〈0．01）。实验组并发症发生率低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论运用系统化整体护理使口腔正畸患者在治疗过程中得到了系统的知识教育，减少了并发症，同时融洽了护患关系，值得推广。     

综合性护理干预对中晚期恶性肿瘤患者便秘的效果观察

目的观察综合性护理干预对中晚期恶性肿瘤患者便秘发生率及程度的影响。方法将入选的220例中晚期恶性肿瘤患者随机分成常规护理组和护理干预组各110例,常规护理组按肿瘤科护理常规进行护理,护理干预组除接受肿瘤科常规护理外,还针对肿瘤患者便秘相关因素采取综合性护理干预。结果与常规护理组比较,护理干预组患者的便秘发生率及程度较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论综合性护理干预可有效降低肿瘤患者便秘的发生率并减轻便秘的程度。     

初产妇分娩过程的整体护理效果观察

目的 :探讨初产妇分娩过程的心理因素与整体护理效果观察。方法 :以 2 0 0 1年 1月至 8月分娩的 1781例初产妇为实验组 ,以 2 0 0 0年 1月至 8月分娩的 14 4 4例初产妇为对照组 ,对比产程 ,产后出血 ,Apgar评分和产妇满意度。结果 :实验组平均产程 135min ,比对照组缩短了 6 3min (P <0 0 1) ;产后出血量实验组平均 15 0ml,比对照组减少了 30ml (P <0 0 5 ) ;新生儿重度窒息 ,实验组 0例 ,对照组 2例 (P >0 0 5 ) ;产妇及家属满意度明显高于对照组。结论 :实施整体护理使初产妇在分娩过程中处于最佳状态 ,顺利完成了分娩机转 ,确保了母婴安全     

产科护士疼痛知识培训效果分析

目的探讨通过疼痛知识培训提高产科护士对缓解分娩疼痛的影响和作用。方法在护理部、科委会的指导下,构建规范化产科分娩疼痛管理培训方案(包括8学时疼痛管理知识理论培训和1周产房临床实践),对产科96名护理人员进行系统培训。采用自身培训前后结果对照的研究设计,评价护理人员对疼痛管理知识的掌握程度和疼痛知识培训的整体效果。以产科护士规范化培训前后参与调查的产妇分别作为对照组和观察组,比较产妇疼痛VAS评分有无差异。结果通过规范化疼痛知识培训和实践,护理人员疼痛知识和态度问卷的平均得分从培训前的(15.37±3.15)分增加至(24.18±3.97)分,总分和每个维度的得分与培训前比较差异均有统计学意义意义(P0.01),两组产妇疼痛VAS评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论疼痛知识培训可显著提高护理人员的疼痛知识管理水平,增强护理人员的主动管理意识,经过干预实践和采用有效的护理措施,极大程度缓解了产妇的分娩疼痛,增强了产妇信心,促进自然分娩。