蒙古高原岩黄芪属植物的分支分类学研究

以蒙古高原岩黄芪属植物为对象,应用徐克学的最大同步法,探讨了蒙古高原岩黄芪属（豆科）植物的系统演化,并根据分支类结构对蒙古高原岩黄芪属进行了系统学处理。作首次将蒙古高原岩黄芪属分为岩黄芪亚属、半灌木岩黄芪亚属（新拟）和无刺岩黄芪组、丛枝岩黄芪、组、无茎岩黄芪组、半灌木岩黄芪组等４个组。本对蒙古高原岩黄芪组的划分符合苏联植物志（１９４５）中的观点。     

青海黄芪属新分类群

青海黄芪属新分类群吴玉虎（中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，西宁８１０００１）ＮｅｗＴａｘａｏｆｔｈｅＧｅｎｕｓＡｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓｆｒｏｍＱｉｎｇｈａｉＷＵＹｕ－Ｈｕ（ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＰｌａｔｅａｕＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＴｈｅＣｈｉｎ...     

蒙古高原岩黄芪属植物的分支分类学研究

以蒙古高原岩黄芪属植物为对象, 应用徐克学的最大同步法, 探讨了蒙古高原岩黄芪属(豆科)植物的系统演化, 并根据分支分类结果对蒙古高原岩黄芪属进行了系统学处理。作者首次将蒙古高原岩黄芪属分为岩黄芪亚属、半灌木岩黄芪亚属(新拟)和无刺岩黄芪组、丛枝岩黄芪组、无茎岩黄芪组、半灌木岩黄芪组等4 个组。本文对蒙古高原岩黄芪组的划分符合苏联植物志(1945)中的观点。     

甘肃黄芪属药用植物资源

目的:调查甘肃省黄芪属药用植物资源,为该属植物资源的开发利用提供科学依据.方法:深入甘肃各地进行实地调查、采集标本和分类鉴定,并查阅和核对主要标本馆的腊叶标本.结果:初步研究,甘肃省有13种1亚种药用黄芪属植物,记述了它们在省内的分布、生境和药用价值,并编制了检索表.结论:甘肃黄芪属植物资源丰富,有待进一步研究,开发利用.     

黄芪属六种植物的核型多样性

采用常规压片法,对豆科黄芪属6种植物制备染色体标本进行核型分析。结果表明:体细胞中期染色体数目分别为:沙打旺、斜茎黄芪、达乌里黄芪2n=16,均为二倍体;草木樨状黄芪2n=32,为四倍体;紫云英、鹰嘴紫云英则呈现多数目性,紫云英染色体数变动范围为55～65,64条稍多,鹰嘴紫云英染色体数变动范围51～65,62条稍多,均为混倍体。核型公式分别为:沙打旺2n=2x=16=12m+4sm;斜茎黄芪2n=2x=16=10m+6sm;达乌里黄芪2n=2x=16=16m;草木樨状黄芪2n=4x=32=32m;紫云英2n=64=62m+2sm;鹰嘴紫云英2n=62=12M+50m(2SAT)。染色体核型呈现多样性。     

云南黄芪属二新种

云南黄芪属二新种＊钱子刚１陈介２（１云南中医学院，昆明６５００１１）（２中国科学院昆明植物研究所，昆明６５０２０４）ＴＷＯＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＡＳＴＲＡＧＡＬＵＳＦＲＯＭＹＵＮＮＡＮＱｉａｎＺｉｇａｎｇ１，ＣｈｅｎＪｉｅ（ＣｈｅｎＣｈｅｉｈ）２（...     

柽柳属和水柏枝属植物化学分类的研究

运用植物化学分类学的实验方法,即薄层层析和紫外吸收光谱对柽柳属（Ｔａｍａｒｉａｘ Ｌｉｎｎ）和水柏枝属（Ｍｙｉｃａｒｉａ Ｄｅｓｖ）的４种植物进行了分析测定,提出了柽柳属和水柏枝属的植物化学分类检索表,并对存有疑问的白花柽柳（Ｔ．ａｌｂｉｆｌｏｎｕｍ）进行了植物化学方面的分析鉴定。     

中国商陆属植物的校订

校订了我国商陆属植物,计有４种,Ｐｈｙｔｏｌａｃｃａ ｃｌａｖｉｇｅｒａ Ｗ．Ｗ．Ｓｍｉｔｈ是多雄蕊商陆的异名,Ｐｈ．ｈｕｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈａｎｄ．－Ｍａｚｚ和Ｐｈ．ｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｗ．Ｔ．Ｆａｎ是日本商陆的异名。Ｐｈ．ｅｓｑｕｉｒｏｌｉｉ Ｌｅｖｌ．不是本属植物,而是崖豆藤野桐（大戟科）。     

黄芪属与雀儿豆属(豆科)的定界问题——以米林黄芪为例谈谈对二属的认识

本文讨论了黄芪属与雀儿豆属的定界问题。作者以米林黄芪为例,分析了不同作者将其处理为不同属成员的原因。在研究了大量标本的基础上,进一步确认米林黄芪绝非雀儿豆属植物。同时,提出区别二属的关键特征。     

青藏高原几种黄芪和棘豆植物核型的初步研究

对分布于西藏地区的棘豆属和黄芪属７个种植物的核型进行了研究,其中除小叶棘豆外其余６个种的核型均为道 次报道。结果如下：１．叶棘豆Ｏｘｙｔｒｏｐｉｓ ｍｉｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ（Ｐａｌｌ）ＤＣ。普兰材料的体细胞染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６,核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝８ｍ＋８ｓｍ,属于１Ａ型。２．冰川棘豆Ｏｘｙｔｒｏｐｉｓ ｇｌａｃｉａｌｉｓ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．ｅｘ Ｂｇｅ。体细胞染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６,核型公式为２ｎ     

NOTES ON SOME GRASSES. XVI. EMBRYO STRUCTURE OF THE GENUS ORYZA IN RELATION TO THE SYSTEMATICS

Three distinct types of embryo have been found in 18 species of the genus Oryza. Type 1 is characterized by lateral fusion of the epiblast and the scutellum and also by the development of auricles. Type 2 has no auricle, and the epiblast is not laterally fused with the scutellum. Type 3 has a cleft between the lower part of the scutellum and the coleorhiza, a long epiblast which is free from the scutellum, and lacks auricles. Type 1 has been found in 13 species of section Sativae, Type 2 in 4 species of sections Granulatae and Coarctatae, and Type 3 in O. coarctata only. The results indicate that species of section Sativae are more or less closely related, while section Coarctatae is a heterogeneous group. A new section, Ridleyianae, has been described for Oryza ridleyi and some other species. Oryza coarctata has unique features in embryo structure, morphology and leaf anatomy, and this species has been moved from the genus Oryza to a separate genus, Sclerophyllum, which is here revived.     

SPORE MORPHOLOGY IN THE CYATHEACEAE. III. THE GENUS TRICHIPTERIS

Scanning electron microscopy supported by light microscopic L-O analysis is used in a palynological study of the genus Trichipteris of the tree fern family Cyatheaceae. The spores of all but two of the 55 species are investigated and the results are related to previous findings for Trichipteris species in the literature. A perine layer consisting of a network of slender, smooth- or rough-textured interlocking strands with free ends uniformly characterizes the genus and is the same as the perine type previously reported in neotropical species of Sphaeropteris excluding the S. horrida group. The exine is analyzed both in spores which have not yet developed the perine layer and in spores whose perine has been removed by chemical treatment. Exine sculpturing shows great variation in the genus, ranging from essentially psilate to variously pitted (foveolate, foraminate), with topography ranging from plane to verrucate-tuberculate, and with the verrucae-tubercles themselves often variously pitted. In many instances, exine sculpturing types correlate with the infrageneric species groupings or affinities hypothesized by the recent monographers. In other cases, palynological characters offer new insight into species relationships that were previously unclear to monographers or that were interpreted differently on the basis of other characters. The exine sculpturing types reinforce the relationship evident between Trichipteris and neotropical Sphaeropteris on the basis of perine morphology.     

华山的硅藻

华山是我国名山之一。这里的植物以前很少有人研究,藻类方面,至今未见有人报道。1976年至1982年作者对该地区进行了多次调查采集,现将研究结果报道如下。     

AMPHIDINIUM REVISITED. II. RESOLVING SPECIES BOUNDARIES IN THE AMPHIDINIUM OPERCULATUM SPECIES COMPLEX (DINOPHYCEAE), INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTIONS OF AMPHIDINIUM TRULLA SP. NOV. AND AMPHIDINIUM GIBBOSUM. COMB. NOV.1

Amphidinium operculatum Claparède et Lachmann, the type species of the dinoflagellate genus Amphidinium, has long had an uncertain identity. It has been considered to be either difficult to distinguish from other similar species or a morphologically variable species itself. This has led to the hypothesis that A. operculatum represents a “species complex.” Recently, the problem of distinguishing A. operculatum from similar species has become particularly acute, because several morphologically similar species have been found to produce bioactive compounds of potential interest to the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we cultured and examined existing cultures of several species of Amphidinium, most of which have been previously identified as A. operculatum or as species considered by some to be synonyms or varieties of A. operculatum. Thirty strains were examined using comparative LM, SEM, and partial large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequence data. Through morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, six distinct species were identified, including Amphidinium trulla sp. nov. and Amphidinium gibbosum comb. nov. Amphidinium operculatum was redescribed based on four cultures. Genetic variability within the examined Amphidinium species varied greatly. There was little difference among strains in partial LSU rDNA for most species, but strains of A. carterae and A. massartii Biencheler differed by as much as 4%. In both A. carterae and A. massartii, three distinct genotypes based on partial LSU rDNA were found, but no morphological differences among strains could be observed using LM or SEM. In the case of A. carterae, no biogeographically related molecular differences were found.     

THE BIRDS OF THE SANTA ELENA PENINSULA, S.W. ECUADOR

A systematic account is given of the birds of the Santa Elena peninsula in S.W. Ecuador, based on three years observations (1954-7) and a collection of 425 skins. The status of individual species is decribed and the different elements of the avifauna discussed, viz. the Equatorial arid fauna, Nearctic migrants, sea-birds, and other wide-ranging forms and waterfowl. Seasonal movements of species of the Equatorial arid fauna are indicated in greater detail than has been previously known. The effect of a recently constructed reservoir on the bird life is mentioned. More detailed knowledge of the occurrence of species from the cold Humboldt current is provided. Several additions to the Ecuadorian list are given, and some birds recorded which were hitherto unknown or very rarely recorded from the west coast of S. America. Various matters of taxonomy affecting races of birds along the whole west coast of S. America are discussed.     

无量山种子植物区系的特有现象

地处滇中南的无量山地区迄今计有种子植物２０７科,１０２６属,２５４０种,其中东亚特有科１０个,中国特有属２７个,无量山特有种子６７个,这一地区不仅植物种类丰富,而且特有现象较为显著,在对科级持有现象进行较细致的研究后,本文认国无量山具有较多的分类系统上隔离的东亚特有科反映了该地作为东亚古老植物区系的一部分,其地质历史与整个东亚是一致的,且与东亚植物区系的发端密切相关,属的特有现象表明,地处中国特有     

中国复叶耳蕨属的分类研究

1828年荷兰植物学家Blume在他的《瓜哇植物简志》(Enum.P1.Jav.)中,根据Arachniodes aspidiodes Blume这个种,建立了复叶耳蕨属Arachnicdes,但一直未被各国植物学家所承认。我国蕨类植物专家秦仁昌教授1934年对本群蕨类植物的生活习性、外部形态和分枝图式等,进行了深入细致的研究,证明了它是一个自然类群,并指出了在系统分类上介于耳蕨属Polystichum Roth和鳞毛旅属Dryopteris Adans之间,当时他把本群植物(包括毛枝旅属Leptorumchra H. Ito和假复叶耳蔗属Acrorumo-hra H.Ito的一些种)归入了分布在大洋洲和非洲的Rumchra Raddi属中。     

华山的硅藻

华山是我国名山之一。这里的植物以前很少有人研究,藻类方面,至今未见有人报道。1976年至1982年作者对该地区进行了多次调查采集,现将研究结果报道如下。     

甘肃悬钩子属系统分类及区系地理研究

甘肃省产悬钩子属植物３４种、８变种、隶属于３组１１亚组,其中５个种为甘肃分布新记录、个新种及１个新变种。本文根据实地调查和标本鉴定,编制了系统检索表,并对甘肃悬钩子属植物区系成分及区系成进行了初步探讨。     

田麻属的分类学研究

本文对田麻属植物的分类进行了研究,确认1种2变种,归并了1种3变种1变型,降级1种。