粉煤灰-氟石膏-水泥复合胶凝材料性能的深入研究

研究得出了使粉煤灰-氟石膏-水泥复合胶凝材料(FFC胶凝材料)强度达到较大值的氟石膏、粉煤灰和水泥之间的较佳用量比例关系.结果表明:随氟石膏用量的增加,FFC胶凝材料的干缩变小;FFC胶凝材料具有良好的体积安定性;当水泥和粉煤灰用量相等时,FFC胶凝材料的强度大于粉煤灰-磷石膏-水泥复合胶凝材料(FPC胶凝材料)的强度.     

粉煤灰-氟石膏-水泥砌筑砂浆的研制

用粉煤灰、氟石膏、水泥和砂配制出了一种新型砂浆—粉煤灰—氟石膏—水泥砌筑砂浆(简称FFC砂浆)。FFC砂浆在不加外加剂情况下,其和易性能满足施工要求。同时FFC砂浆具有水泥用量少,废渣用量大,干缩小,成本低廉,体积安定性好和水硬性等特点。当粉煤灰-氟石膏-水泥胶凝材料(简称FFC胶凝材料)中水泥用量为5%、10%、15%和20%时,砂浆强度等级分别达到了M10、M15、M20和M25。在FFC胶凝材料中,粉煤灰、氟石膏和水泥之间存在使胶凝材料强度达到最大的最佳的比例关系。     

水泥-膨胀剂-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料膨胀与强度发展的协调性研究

研究了水泥-膨胀剂二元复合胶凝材料和水泥-膨胀剂-粉煤灰三元复合胶凝材料,这两种胶凝材料可以用于制备具有良好体积稳定性的高性能膨胀混凝土。研究表明:存在一个最优辅助胶凝材料掺量组合,在此条件下胶凝材料具有良好的膨胀与强度的协调性,在水泥-膨胀剂体系中,膨胀剂掺量范围在6%~12%,其中掺6%~8%适用于配制补偿收缩混凝土,掺8%~12%适用于填充性混凝土。在水泥-膨胀剂-低钙粉煤灰体系中,CSA合理掺量范围为8%~12%;在水泥-膨胀剂-高钙粉煤灰体系中,合理掺量范围是6%~8%。粉煤灰的掺入可以削减由于膨胀剂过量而导致过高的限制膨胀率,从而避免由此造成的膨胀破坏现象,低钙粉煤灰的作用优于高钙粉煤灰。     

粉煤灰对水泥-石灰石粉胶凝材料开裂性能的改善研究

研究了水泥-石灰石粉胶凝材料干缩和开裂性能以及粉煤灰对其干缩和开裂性能的改善作用。研究得到水泥-石灰石粉胶凝材料的干缩随石灰石粉掺量增加出现先增大后减小的规律,石灰石粉掺量为10%时,硬化浆体的干缩达到最大值。随粉煤灰掺量增加,水泥-石灰石粉硬化浆体的干缩随之减少。随石灰石粉掺量增加,水泥-石灰石粉胶凝材料的开裂呈现先增大后减小的规律,掺量为10%时的开裂最大;随粉煤灰掺量增加,粉煤灰对水泥-石灰石粉胶凝材料开裂性能的改善逐渐增强。水泥-石灰石粉胶凝材料的开裂性能与其干缩性能有着较大的相关性,干缩减少,其开裂指数逐渐降低,抗开裂性能提高。     

粉煤灰-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料强度和水化性能

研究了不同细度和不同掺量的矿渣和粉煤灰对粉煤灰-矿渣-水泥(FSC)复合胶凝材料强度的影响.借助激光衍射粒度仪测定了矿渣和粉煤灰的粒径.测定了FSC复合胶凝材料的水化热,分析了其水化进程.结果表明:矿渣细度对FSC复合胶凝材料强度影响较大,矿渣越细,FSC复合胶凝材料强度越高;通过优化矿渣、粉煤灰的颗粒级配,可发挥出它们的"叠加效应";当粉煤灰和矿渣总掺量(质量分数)为50%,而矿渣掺量在33%以上时,可配置出52.5R复合水泥.     

不同矿物掺合料对建筑石膏物理性能的影响

粉煤灰、矿粉-粉煤灰、水泥-粉煤灰分别掺加到建筑石膏中,研究这3种体系中矿物掺合料对石膏的强度、凝结时间、流动度、软化系数等性能的影响,结果表明,粉煤灰具有一定的缓凝作用,水泥-粉煤灰的复掺可以提高石膏胶凝材料的抗压软化系数和强度,而水泥具有促凝作用,水泥、矿粉的加入可以提高石膏胶凝材料的流动度。     

磷石膏激发磷渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料体系的性能研究

实现高固废利用率及探明磷石膏激发的效果,主要研究了不同掺量磷石膏对磷渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料体系抗压强度的影响规律,并采用XRD、TG和SEM分析了体系的水化产物。结果表明:适量的磷石膏对磷渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料体系3 d的水化具有促进作用,当磷石膏掺量达到5%时,其含有的磷、氟等杂质会延缓胶凝材料的水化进程,导致3 d强度降低;磷石膏的掺入对体系7、28、90 d的强度都有一定激发效果,并且随着磷石膏的掺量增加,其主要水化产物C-S-H和钙矾石生成量逐渐增多,当磷石膏的掺量为5%时,水化至28 d后,体系中仍含有石膏,但当磷石膏掺量超过8%时,硬化浆体中残余大量石膏,反而会降低体系的机械强度。     

矿渣-海水湿排粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的制备研究

通过优化配合比组分、粒级设计和使用外加剂,制备出一种高掺量矿渣、粉煤灰且使用水泥熟料较少的矿渣-海水湿排粉煤灰基复合胶凝材料。研究了独特的粉磨方式所制备的复合胶凝材料、石膏掺量、矿渣与粉煤灰的掺量及比例对复合高性能胶凝材料体系强度的影响,初步阐明了复合胶凝材料的活性与级配协同优化效应。复合胶凝材料胶砂水胶比为0.33时具有较好的流动度,胶砂试块养护28d抗压强度可以达到53.53MPa,抗折强度达到13.92MPa,并具有良好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,其氯离子含量符合国家使用标准。     

柠檬酸对硫氧镁水泥-烟气脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料性能影响的试验研究

以硫氧镁水泥-烟气脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料为基本体系,研究了柠檬酸掺量对硫氧镁水泥-烟气脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料凝结时间、力学强度、耐水性能及体积稳定性能的影响,并通过微观分析手段分析了柠檬酸对硫氧镁水泥-烟气脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料硬化结晶结构的影响。结果表明,柠檬酸可以延长硫氧镁水泥-烟气脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料的凝结时间,大幅度提高其抗折、抗压强度和抗折、抗压软化系数,并能提高硫氧镁水泥-烟气脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料的体积稳定性,其最佳掺量为氧化镁质量的0.5%～0.7%。     

脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料及其激发效果研究

采用脱硫石膏为主要原料,制备了脱硫石膏-水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料,考察了激发剂对其改性效果及显微结构特征。结果显示掺52%脱硫石膏,31%水泥,12%粉煤灰,5%激发剂时,复合胶凝材料后期强度较高,其28d强度可达到64.6MPa。14～28d试样抗压强度呈急剧增加趋势,其原因可能是后期水泥水化和粉煤灰二次水化所致。在脱硫石膏-水泥体系中,存在较多物理键和少量化学键,而掺加Al2O24-离子激发水泥和粉煤灰可形成致密凝聚-结晶复合结构。     

Durability of cementing binders based on fly ash and other wastes

The paper deals with the cementitious binders produced by blending 60–70% fly ash with fluorogypsum, hydrated lime sludge, with and without Portland cement and chemical activator in different proportions. Data show that strength development of cementitious binders takes place through formation of ettringite, C–S–H and wollastonite compounds. The durability of these binder has been studied by its performance in water and by accelerated aging i.e. alternate wetting and drying as well as by heating and cooling cycles at temperatures in the range 27–50 °C. The results indicate Lawrence of strength of binder with the increasing cyclic studies at different temperatures. The maximum fall in compressive strength was noticed at 50 °C.     

Utilization of bagasse ash as a pozzolanic material in concrete

The physical properties of concrete containing ground bagasse ash (BA) including compressive strength, water permeability, and heat evolution, were investigated. Bagasse ash from a sugar factory was ground using a ball mill until the particles retained on a No. 325 sieve were less than 5wt%. They were then used as a replacement for Type I Portland cement at 10, 20, and 30wt% of binder. The water to binder (W/B) ratio and binder content of the concrete were held constant at 0.50 and 350 kg/m³, respectively.The results showed that, at the age of 28 days, the concrete samples containing 10–30% ground bagasse ash by weight of binder had greater compressive strengths than the control concrete (concrete without ground bagasse ash), while the water permeability was lower than the control concrete. Concrete containing 20% ground bagasse ash had the highest compressive strength at 113% of the control concrete. The water permeability of concrete decreased as the fractional replacement of ground bagasse ash was increased. For the heat evolution, the maximum temperature rise of concrete containing ground bagasse ash was lower than the control concrete. It was also found that the maximum temperature rise of the concrete was reduced 13, 23, and 33% as compared with the control concrete when the cement was replaced by ground bagasse ash at 10, 20, and 30wt% of binder, respectively. The results indicate that ground bagasse ash can be used as a pozzolanic material in concrete with an acceptable strength, lower heat evolution, and reduced water permeability with respect to the control concrete.     

Study on lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder

In this study a new type of lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder was prepared to improve the performances of lime–fly ash binder which was a typical semi-rigid road base material binder in China. The modified lime powder had much higher activity than ordinary quick lime or slaked lime powder, it was the best alkali activator to prepare lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder. The optimum formulation of this binder was consisted of 8–12% modified lime, 18–23% phosphogypsum and 65–74% fly ash. The parallel experiments shown that lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder had higher strength than ordinary lime, cement, and lime–fly ash stabilized soils road base materials, granular soils stabilized with this binder had higher later strength than that of lime–fly ash or cement stabilizing granular soil, it had higher early strength and steady strength development. The phosphogypsum hastened the pozzuolana reactions between the lime and fly ash, it reacted with lime and fly ash also, this reaction formed some AFt and the formation of AFt brought on a slight expansivity which could compensate the shrinkage of the binder. The pore structure of this binder was finer than that of the lime–fly ash, so the strength and performances of the road base material stabilized with lime–phosphogypsum–fly ash binder was much higher than those of the lime–fly ash road base material.     

Mixed cement containing fly ash for masonry and plastering work

A class-F fly ash was used in making masonry mortars suitable for brick joints and for plastering. The mortars were made of a locally produced mixed cement and fly ash at 20% and 40% cement replacement with and without the addition of an air entraining agent/plasticiser. The testing programme includes the determination of water demand, relations between water-to-binder ratio and flow, setting time, air content, water retention, compressive strength and flexural strength.The obtained results suggest that fairly coarse grade class-F fly ash can be incorporated into mortars as replacement of the mixed cement for joint and plastering. The main concern is the low water retention which would be minimized by using a better grade/finer fly ash or by incorporation of plasticiser. Mixed cement containing 20–40% fly ash can be used to make Type N or Type S mortars. Furthermore, relations between flow values and water to binder ratio (W/B) of the mixed cement containing fly ash are developed as a practical aid for selection and formulation of mortar for brick construction and rendering/plastering.     

不同碱含量速凝剂的应用性能影响因素研究

通过测试水泥凝结时间、1d和28d砂浆抗压强度,对比SJ-1（无碱）和SJ-2（有碱）速凝剂在不同的水泥类型、粉煤灰掺量、速凝剂掺量、水胶比影响因素下的应用效果。结果表明,从凝结时间来看,SJ-2型速凝剂对不同类型水泥的适应性更好;随粉煤灰掺量增大,水泥初终凝时间先减后增,各龄期抗压强度降低,且使用SJ-1、SJ-2速凝剂时粉煤灰掺量分别不得大于15%、10%;随速凝剂掺量增大,水泥初终凝时间不断降低,且掺入SJ-2速凝剂的各项性能均满足标准要求;随水胶比增大,水泥凝结时间逐渐增大,各龄期抗压强度先增后减,SJ-1、SJ-2速凝剂的最佳水胶比分别为0.4、0.35。     

粉煤灰脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料的配合比与水化

在活性激发剂作用下,将粉煤灰、脱硫石膏和水泥混合,制备成一种新型的复合胶凝材料,然后在优选试验基础上确定了复合胶凝材料的基本配合比.研究了典型配合比粉煤灰-脱硫石膏-水泥净浆在复合激发剂作用下的水化过程,结果表明:粉煤灰早期火山灰活性显著提高;脱硫石膏除自身析晶、具有一定的增强效应外,还是粉煤灰火山灰活性理想的硫酸盐激发剂.粉煤灰3d即开始明显水化,脱硫石膏对粉煤灰水化活性激发效果明显.     

高钙粉煤灰中f-CaO对砂浆收缩的补偿作用

通过对高钙粉煤灰水泥砂浆和低钙粉煤灰水泥砂浆干燥收缩和自生收缩的系统试验和比较分析 ,发现高钙粉煤灰中的f CaO水化产生的膨胀可补偿砂浆的干燥收缩和自生收缩 ,对低水胶比水泥基材料自生收缩的补偿作用更加明显。高钙粉煤灰可能是解决低水胶比高性能混凝土过大自生收缩难题的一种廉价有效的活性掺合料     

Effect of palm oil fuel ash fineness on the microstructure of blended cement paste

This paper presents the effect of palm oil fuel ash fineness on the microstructure of blended cement paste. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was ground to two different finenesses. Coarse and high fineness palm oil fuel ash, with median particle sizes of 15.6 and 2.1 μm, respectively, were used to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 0%, 20% and 40% by binder weight. A water to binder (W/B) ratio of 0.35 was used for all blended cement pastes. The amorphous ground palm oil fuel ash was characterized by the Rietveld method. The compressive strength, thermogravimetric analysis and pore size distribution of the blended cement pastes were investigated. The test results indicate that the ground palm oil fuel ash was an amorphous silica material. The compressive strengths of the blended cement pastes containing coarse POFA were as high as that of OPC cement paste. Blended cement paste with high fineness POFA had a higher compressive strength than that with coarse POFA. The blended cement pastes containing 20% of POFA with high fineness had the lowest total porosity. The Ca(OH)₂ contents of blended cement paste containing POFA decreased with increasing replacement of POFA and were lower than those of the OPC cement paste. In addition, the POFA fineness had an effect on the reduction rate of Ca(OH)₂. Furthermore, the critical pore size and average pore size of blended cement paste containing POFA were lower than those of the OPC cement paste. The incorporation of high fineness POFA decreased the critical pore size and the average pore size of blended cement paste as compared to that with coarse POFA.     

Strength and water permeability of concrete containing palm oil fuel ash and rice husk–bark ash

In this paper, palm oil fuel ash and rice husk–bark ash, which are by-products from electricity generating power plants and disposed as wastes in landfills, were used as a partial cement replacement. They were ground and incorporated into concrete at the levels of 20%, 40% and 55% by weight of binder. Compressive strength and water permeability of concretes containing ground palm oil fuel ash (GPOA) and ground rice husk–bark ash (GRBA) were investigated. From the tests, the replacement of Portland cement by both materials resulted in the higher water demand in concrete mixtures as compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete with compatible workability. The compressive strengths of concretes containing 20% of GPOA and GRBA were as high as that of OPC concrete and were reduced as the increase in the replacement ratios. Although the compressive strengths of concrete with the replacement of GPOA or GRBA up to 40% were lower than OPC concrete, their water permeabilities were still lower than that of OPC concrete. These results indicate that both of GPOA and GRBA can be applied as new pozzolanic materials to concrete with an acceptable strength as well as permeability.