雪莲果低聚果糖提取物的树脂脱色工艺条件优化

探讨了D941、D318、DM-2、860021四种树脂对雪莲果中低聚果糖提取液的脱色情况,采用静态吸附法确定了D318树脂脱色效果最佳,优化了脱色工艺,最优脱色工艺条件为：树脂用量为3.4%,pH为5,脱色时间为3 h,脱色温度为50℃,透光率达到90%以上。     

金银花提取物的脱色工艺

研究了金银花提取液脱色的最佳工艺条件。通过考察脱色率和绿原酸保留率,从活性炭、AB-8、LSA-2、D101大孔吸附树脂中筛选出脱色效果较好的脱色剂;通过单因素试验和正交试验,获得该脱色方法的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,AB-8为最合适的脱色剂;最佳工艺条件为大孔树脂的质量6 g,加样量为5 mL,金银花提取液pH值为5,乙醇浓度为70%,洗脱剂体积为40 mL;在该条件下,脱色率为80.94%,绿原酸保留率为83.07%,芦丁保留率为77.56%。该脱色工艺简单可靠,脱色效果好,有效成分保留率高。     

磷酸-蔗糖钙法对糖汁清净作用的研究

赤砂糖回溶糖浆采用磷酸-蔗糖钙法进行澄清脱色,考察了糖浆pH值、反应温度、中和汁pH值以及反应时间对糖浆澄清脱色的影响。结果表明,用磷酸调节赤砂糖回溶糖浆pH值至3.00、反应温度35℃,以蔗糖钙溶液中和至pH值为7.20,反应5 min,脱色率可达61.8%,除浊率达到96.6%。结合X衍射图谱、扫描电镜图以及光学显微图像,对澄清脱色机理进行了探讨。     

磷酸-蔗糖钙法对糖汁清净作用的研究

赤砂糖回溶糖浆采用磷酸-蔗糖钙法进行澄清脱色,考察了糖浆pH值、反应温度、中和汁pH值以及反应时间对糖浆澄清脱色的影响。结果表明,用磷酸调节赤砂糖回溶糖浆pH值至3.00、反应温度35℃,以蔗糖钙溶液中和至pH值为7.20,反应5 min,脱色率可达61.8%,除浊率达到96.6%。结合X衍射图谱、扫描电镜图以及光学显微图像,对澄清脱色机理进行了探讨。     

依诺肝素钠树脂脱色工艺研究

采用脱色树脂,对依诺肝素钠进行了脱色工艺研究,以脱色率和脱色收率为考核指标,考察了树脂型号、脱色液pH值、脱色液浓度、脱色前依诺肝素钠与树脂质量比、脱色液流速对脱色效果的影响。得到最优的脱色工艺:使用DOWEX OPTIPORE SD-2树脂,脱色液pH值为5.5,脱色液浓度为10.0%,脱色前依诺肝素钠与树脂质量比为1∶1.5,脱色液流速为2.0BV·h-1。在此条件下,脱色率大于98.5%,脱色收率大于98.0%,脱色后依诺肝素钠溶液颜色浅于欧洲药典黄色6号,脱色后溶液颜色、效价均符合欧洲药典,脱色前后依诺肝素钠分子量无显著变化。     

磁改性D151阳离子交换树脂纯化黄柏小檗碱

采用化学共沉淀法制备磁性树脂,以对小檗碱的吸附率为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验,考察了母液浓度、pH值、吸附温度和时间对吸附率的影响,并与未磁化的D151树脂进行对比。试验结果表明,最佳的吸附条件为母液质量浓度为0.015 mg/mL,pH值为8,温度为35℃,吸附时间为2.5 h,磁性D151树脂的吸附率高达91.11%,未被磁化的D151树脂的吸附率为85.76%。磁改性D151阳离子交换树脂用于黄柏中小檗碱的分离速度快,吸附率高,工艺简单。     

纺织园区废水生物脱色菌的培育和研究

从纺织园区废水处理的活性污泥中筛选分离到一株染料脱色优势菌,探讨了该菌在不同培养时间、温度、pH值等条件下对活性艳红M2B染料脱色的影响;在30℃、染料质量浓度5 mg/L、pH值7、72 h培养时间的试验条件下进行脱色反应,脱色率最高可达到71.2%。生物菌最适宜的脱色反应条件是温度30℃,培养时间72 h,pH值8。     

地黄中水苏糖的分离与脱色

用超滤法和吸附法对地黄水苏糖提取液进行了初步分离和脱色。考察了微滤预处理、操作压力、温度及体积浓缩比对膜通量的影响,确定的最佳超滤工艺为:压力0.10 MPa,温度50℃,体积浓缩比8。应用该工艺可使w(水苏糖)由28.3%提高到40.5%,对溶液的脱色率达72.4%。将超滤透过液分别用活性炭、A l2O3和5种离子交换树脂进一步脱色,活性炭的脱色效果最佳,进而考察了活性炭用量、温度、脱色时间及pH对脱色率的影响。确定的最佳脱色条件为:温度50℃,活性炭0.3 g/L,脱色时间2.5 h,pH 4.0。在该条件下,脱色率可达99.1%。     

菊芋菊糖活性炭脱色的工艺条件

对菊芋菊糖提取液活性炭脱色工艺条件进行了研究,比较了几种不同厂家生产的不同规格的活性炭对菊芋菊糖提取液的脱色效果. 结果表明,仅粉末状活性炭TS4具有脱色作用,且脱色效果显著. 通过单因素实验和正交实验确定的菊芋菊糖提取液活性炭TS4脱色的最佳工艺条件为活性炭用量5 g/L,脱色温度80℃,pH值6.0,时间30 min. 在此条件下,脱色率达82.6%,菊糖回收率可达93.4%.     

活性炭脱色对大豆低聚糖质量的影响

采用活性炭对大豆低聚糖进行脱色,研究了活性炭用量、pH值、脱色时间及脱色温度对脱色率的影响。活性炭对大豆低聚糖脱色的优化条件为：活性炭加入量为1%,pH值3-4,脱色温度40℃,脱色时间为40min。     

菊芋的种植和开发利用

本文综述了一种优良能源作物菊芋的特点、种植和开发利用。期待对菊芋的进一步开发带来社会、环境和经济效益。     

Klebsiella pneumoniae发酵菊芋生产2,3-丁二醇的初步研究

对Klebsiella pneumoniae发酵菊芋块茎生产2,3-丁二醇进行了初步研究,通过摇瓶实验考察了不同碳源及培养基中微量元素对发酵的影响. 结果表明,菊芋是良好的发酵2,3-丁二醇的底物,以其为底物时产物浓度和生产强度比葡萄糖发酵提高了42%以上,培养基中不添加微量元素对菊芋发酵基本没有影响,因而可简化培养基成分以降低生产成本. 在发酵罐批式流加实验中,发酵56 h菊芋发酵的产物浓度和生产强度分别为81.47 g/L和1.45 g/(L×h),与葡萄糖发酵结果相当.     

菊芋对四川泡菜储藏期间品质变化影响的研究

菊芋富含氨基酸、糖分和维生素,多用来腌制咸菜或制成泡菜。以市售菊芋、白菜、萝卜为原料在食盐浓度为6%、自然发酵条件下的含菊芋的泡菜和不含菊芋的泡菜进行比较实验,实验结果表明:添加菊芋对泡菜pH值、总酸度影响不大,明显增加了亚硝酸盐和氨态氮含量。     

自絮凝颗粒酵母发酵菊芋汁生产乙醇

分别采用分批和连续发酵方式,对自絮凝颗粒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae flo发酵菊芋汁生产乙醇的条件进行了优化. 与先酶解菊芋汁后再用自絮凝酵母发酵的分步糖化发酵相比,分批发酵过程中同时加入菊粉酶和自絮凝酵母的同步糖化发酵乙醇得率高,发酵时间短. 当菊芋汁总糖浓度分别为105和179 g/L时,同步糖化发酵的最高乙醇浓度达50和82.5 g/L,比分步糖化发酵高6.4%和13.8%. 在连续发酵过程中应用同步糖化发酵法,当稀释率为0.02 h-1时,乙醇浓度约为90 g/L时达到稳定状态,乙醇得率达到理论值的90%,生产强度达2.12 g/(L×h).     

Metabolite Analysis of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Seedlings in Response to Polyethylene Glycol-Simulated Drought Stress

Jerusalem artichokes are a perennial crop with high drought tolerance and high value as a raw material to produce biofuels, functional feed, and food. However, there are few comprehensive metabolomic studies on Jerusalem artichokes under drought conditions. Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify differential metabolites in Jerusalem artichoke seedling leaves under polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000-simulated drought stress at 0, 18, 24, and 36 h. Results: A total of 661 metabolites and 236 differential metabolites were identified at 0 vs. 18, 18 vs. 24, and 24 vs. 36 h. 146 differential metabolites and 56 common were identified and at 0 vs. 18, 24, and 36 h. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment identified 236 differential metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and amino acids. Metabolites involved in glycolysis, phenolic metabolism, tricarboxylic cycle, glutamate-mediated proline biosynthesis, urea cycle, amino acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and the met salvage pathway responded to drought stress. Conclusion: A metabolic network in the leaves of Jerusalem artichokes under drought stress is proposed. These results will improve understanding of the metabolite response to drought stress in Jerusalem artichokes and develop a foundation for breeding drought-resistant varieties.     

菊芋的种植和开发利用

本文综述了一种优良能源作物菊芋的特点、种植和开发利用。期待对菊芋的进一步开发带来社会、环境和经济效益。     

Optimization of the main liming process for inulin crude extract from Jerusalem artichoke tubers

A three-stage homogenate extraction was used as a new method for inulin extraction from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Compared with the results from conventional hot water extraction, the three-stage homogenate extraction gave higher yields and caused less degradation of the inulin. The inulin crude extract was then clarified by a carbonate-precipitation method, during which three variables — the quicklime mass, the reaction temperature and the reaction time were optimized for the main liming process to give the best clarification effect. A Plackett-Burman design, the path of steepest ascent method, a Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed in the experimental design. The optimal conditions for the main liming process were determined to be 12.0 g/L, 71.4°C and 8 min. The confirmatory tests proved that the best clarification efficiency (92.74%) was achieved at these conditions and this was approximately equal to the value predicted by the model.     

Physical and chemical properties of powder produced from spray drying of inulin component extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder

In this study, inulin was extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tuber (JAT) powder and then concentrated before spray drying. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the drying condition that provided high powder yield together with superior qualities of JAT inulin powder and (2) investigate the chemical and physical properties of inulin powder. The inulin extracts at different concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 °Brix were spray-dried and then compared. The spray drying experiments were conducted at the inlet/outlet air temperatures of 150/90, 170/90, and 190/90?°C for the chosen concentration of inulin extract. It appeared that spray drying of the 30 °Brix extract at the inlet/outlet drying air temperatures of 190/90?°C resulted in the highest value of powder recovery, bulk density, water solubility and the lowest moisture content and hygroscopicity in comparison with its counterparts. SEM micrographs showed that the powder produced by this condition was more stable and less sticky than others. The sugars, total fructo-oligosaccharides (1-kestose, nystose, and 1^F-β-fructofuranosyl nystose) and inulin-type fructans contents of powder were 12.88, 11.12, and 64.36?g/100?g of powder, respectively. The moisture sorption data and models developed in this work could be used for determining the suitable condition of surrounding air for inulin powder storage.     

Pure fructose syrup and ethanol production from high fructose corn syrup supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke juice

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 36859 preferentially consumes glucose from glucose–fructose mixtures. Synthetic media and complex media containing high fructose corn syrup supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke juice were used for the production of pure fructose syrup by the conversion of glucose to ethanol. Fructose was not converted in these processes. Increasing the concentration of Jerusalem artichoke juice increased the yields of ethanol and biomass and decreased the process time. A similar effect was obtained at a low juice concentration when a larger amount of biomass was used for the inoculum. The product from this process contained only fructose and ethanol. Use of food-grade materials results in a pure fructose syrup that is suitable for human consumption.