Microstructures of metallic film and diamond growth from Fe-Ni-C system

The microstructures of metallic film surrounding diamond have been systemically studied using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the atom force microscopy (AFM). The film can be divided into three layers (inner layer near diamond, external layer near graphite and middle layer). The graphite cannot be directly transformed into diamond in the film at HTHP; there exists a parallel relationship between (−111) of γ-(Fe,Ni) and (110) of Fe₃C in the inner layer; the sawtooth-like step morphology found by AFM on the film is similar to that of corresponding diamond surface. A new model for diamond growth at HPHT is proposed from the parallel relationship and sawtooth-like step morphology. It is believed that Fe₃C may be a transitional phase in the course of diamond growth, γ-(Fe,Ni) in the inner layer can absorb carbon atom groups with lamella structure from Fe₃C, and then the carbon groups stack on growing diamond.     

Analysis of the carbon source for diamond crystal growth

The lattice constants of diamond and graphite at high pressure and high temperature （HPHT） were calculated on the basis of linear expansion coefficient and elastic constant. According to the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules （EET）, the valence electron structures （VESs） of diamond, graphite crystal and their common planes were calculated. The relationship between diamond and graphite structure was analyzed based on the boundary condition of the improved Thomas-Fermi-Dirac theory by Cheng （TFDC）. It was found that the electron densities of common planes in graphite were not continuous with those of planes in diamond at the first order of approximation. The results show that during the course of diamond single crystal growth at HPHT with metal catalyst, the carbon sources forming diamond structure do not come from the graphite structure directly. The diamond growth mechanism was discussed from the viewpoint of valence electron structure.     

炮钢表面等离子堆焊Fe基涂层及其烧蚀行为研究

在炮钢表面利用等离子堆焊分别制备了A、B两种Fe基耐烧蚀涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪分析了涂层的微观组织和元素含量,利用维氏硬度计测量了涂层的硬度,利用高速热流发生装置模拟了火炮发射时的高温高压环境,对涂层进行了烧蚀试验.结果表明,两种Fe基涂层均与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,涂层A的组织主要由Fe-Cr固溶体、Fe₃Ni₂及（Cr,Fe）₇C₃组成,涂层B的组织主要由Fe-Cr固溶体、Cr₃Ni₂、Fe_0.64Ni_0.36及Fe₇C₃组成.经过40次高速热流烧蚀后,电镜下观察涂层A发生的烧蚀行为,其烧蚀过程是由"晶间烧蚀"扩展到"沿晶烧蚀"最后到"全晶烧蚀",电镜下观察涂层B未发生明显的烧蚀行为,但是在热冷循环过程中产生了"穿晶"裂纹,与炮钢相比,两种涂层的耐烧蚀性能均有明显提高.      

One-pot synthesis of PVP-coated Ni<Subscript>0.6</Subscript>Fe<Subscript>2.4</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanocrystals

Novel poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated nickel ferrite nanocrystals were prepared by simultaneously pyrolyzing nickel(II) acetylacetonate (Ni(acac)₂) and iron(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)₃) in N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). The PVP coating was formed in situ through polymerization of NVP. The crystalline structure of the resultant nickel ferrite was analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction patterns, and powder X-ray diffraction. In addition, the valence state of Ni and the metal contents of Ni and Fe in different valence states were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic absorption and the phenanthroline method. The surface coating layer of PVP and its binding states were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with XPS. Colloidal stability experiments revealed that the nanocrystals could be dispersed well in both phosphate-buffered saline and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium.     

深过冷Ni-P共晶合金凝固动力学分析

根据经典的形核和生长理论，通过实验分析了深过冷Ni-P共晶合金的凝固行为．实验发现，深过冷Ni-P共晶合金的凝固组织由粒状的共晶团和棒状的规则共晶所组成．随过冷度的增加，共晶团的组织逐渐细化，同时深过冷熔体晶核生长速率很大，异质形核在凝固过程中起控制性的作用．深过冷熔体的单点形核和长大现象作为特例用以描述界面的生长速率对其凝固组织的影响。     

真空条件下钎焊单层金刚石砂轮的研究

单层高温钎焊超硬磨料砂轮具有电镀砂轮无法比拟的优异磨削性能。在真空条件下用Ni-Cr合金做钎料进行了钎焊单层金刚石砂轮的实验研究,实现了金刚石与钢基体间牢固的化学冶金结合。扫描电镜X射线能谱,结合X射线衍射结构分析发现,在金刚石界面上有Cr的碳化物Cr3C2和Cr7C3存在,而钢基体结合界面上则生成有(FexCry)C,这应是金刚石与钢基体之间具有较高结合强度的主要原因,通过磨削实验验证了金刚石确实有很高的把持强度。     

衬底负偏压热灯丝CVD金刚石薄膜在锥体上核化的研究

以ＣＨ４和Ｈ２为反应混合气体,用衬底负偏压热灯丝ＣＶＤ法在Ｓｉ（１００）面上制备金刚石膜,使用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）,Ｒａｍａｎ谱和Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）对在硅尖上的金刚石核化进行了研究,并着重讨论了沉积在硅尖上的金刚石颗粒的生长机理。     

动态催化聚合C3N4膜的研究

自Ｃｏｈｅｎ等人[1] 揭示β Ｃ3Ｎ4 的结构和性质以来 ,实验聚合沉积 β Ｃ3Ｎ4 膜的工作一直继续进行着 .早期的工作[2～ 10 ] 大多数采用气相沉积 ,工作气体一般是ＣＨ4 Ｎ2 或ＣＨ4 ＮＨ3,由于金刚石、石墨和Ｃ3Ｎ4 中Ｃ( 1ｓ)的结合能非常接近 ,在聚合反应时因相互竞争 ,其沉积产物常常是无定形碳、石墨、金刚石和Ｃ3Ｎ4 的混合物 .而在Ｃ3Ｎ4 聚合物中 ,常常包含有β Ｃ3Ｎ4 ,α Ｃ3Ｎ4 和石墨结构型Ｃ3Ｎ4 .Ｃｈｅｎ等人[11] 提出 ,采用适宜的有机分子预聚体 ,ＹｏｕＪｉ ｔａｎｉ等人[10 ] 提出采用不含Ｃ≡Ｎ的有机分子预聚体 ,…     

FeCP_2(NB)/Fe~(3+)(W)在水/硝基苯界面的电子传递及卟啉的促进作用

应用微机联用四电极恒电位测试系统研究FeCP_2(NB)/Fe~(3+)(W)在水(W)/硝基苯(NB)界面发生的电子传递以及四苯卟啉及其第一过渡金属配合物(MTPP)对上述电子迁移过程的影响。结果表明,对W/NB界面体系,FeCP_2(NB)被Fe~(3+)(W)的氧化表现为可逆单电子迁移,其微观反应历程预想属复相电子迁移机理,H_2TPP对上述体系不起促进作用,而各MTPP则表现出不同程度的影响,其中,MnTPP与NiTPP促进作用最显著,FeClTPP作用微弱,CuTPP、ZnTPP、CoTPP却反有抑制作用。     

磁集成器件的界面扩散及钝化影响

 为了解决铁与砷化镓界面形成过程中,存在砷原子向金属层中扩散的现象,导致界面磁性减弱影响该结构的物理性能问题,采用钝化工艺改善界面磁性的方法,利用电子能谱技术测量了界面形成过程中铁与砷化镓界面的价带谱和砷原子的3d芯能级谱,从电子能谱的角度得到了砷原子扩散的相关数据。通过对比清洁界面和钝化界面的实验结果,证明了钝化可以减弱砷原子的界面扩散,铁原子3d能级的磁性交换劈裂也得到加强,价带峰被展宽,界面的磁性得到改善。依据价带谱的展宽现象和相关的研究报导表明:将硫钝化界面技术应用于磁集成器件制造工艺是有益的。     

Study of the Adherence Mechanism Between the Metal and Inorganic Coating with Mill Addition of Li_2Ni_8O_(10) Nano Powder

The adherence strength between the metal and the inorganic coating can be greatly increased by mill addition of Li2Ni8O10. The interface structure between metal and the inorganic coating with excellent adherence has been studied by investigating the chemical composition and the microstructure as well as elements valence bond on the interface with the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM),electron microprobe,and Auger electron spectroscope (AES). The results show that there is a non-stoichiometrical tra...     

Kinetics of discontinuous precipitation in Cu–20Ni–20Mn alloy

The morphology and growth kinetics of discontinuous precipitation (DP) in a Cu–20Ni–20Mn alloy were investigated in the temperature range of 523–673 K by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A lamellar mixed structure consisting of alternating lamellae of a matrix and NiMn phase was observed in DP colonies. The volume fraction of regions formed by a DP reaction was determined by quantitative metallographic measurements. The kinetics of DP was evaluated on the basis of the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov equation, which resulted in a time exponent of approximately 1.5. We confirmed that the nucleation of the discontinuous precipitate was confined to grain edges or boundaries at an early stage of the reaction. The activation energy of DP process was determined to be approximately (72.7 ±7.2) kJ/mol based on the Arrhenius equation; this result suggests that DP is controlled by grain boundary diffusion. The hardness values exhibited good correlation with the volume fraction of DP; this correlation was attributed to the presence of the ordered NiMn phase.     

γ′-（Fe1-xNix)4N薄膜结构及其磁学性能

采用直流磁控溅射方法, 在Si(100)单晶衬底上制备不同质量分数Ni掺杂的γ′-（Fe_1-xNi_x)₄N纳米晶薄膜样品,  并利用能谱分析、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试分析样品中Fe与Ni的原子比、 结构、 形貌及磁学性能. 结果表明, 在样品中掺杂Ni可提高材料的结构稳定性, 优化材料的软铁磁性能.     

Fe(CO)5分子的立体构型研究

从群论方法、价键理论等角度对金属羰基化合物Fe（CO）5的立体构型进行了推证，结果表明Fe(CO)5的立体构型为三角双锥形。     

单晶金刚石在铁基合金中的性态与行为

将金刚石单晶孕镶在Ｆｅ基合金中，在一定条件下烧结，发现金刚石受到明显刻蚀，但晶体结构和强度未变，刻蚀在金刚石与结合剂的界面发生，它是金刚石晶格中的Ｃ原子溶入Ｆｅ，并在其中扩散的过程，适当控制这一扩散过程，将使Ｆｅ基结合剂的金刚石工具获得优良性能。     

In-situ TEM observation of microstructural evolution in 18Cr-ODS steel induced by electron beam irradiation

The microstructural evolution behaviors of 18Cr-ODS steel under electron beam irradiation were in-situ investigated in a high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Fe3O4 particle was induced by electron beam irradiation through a series of dynamic procedures including lattice relaxation of the steel matrix, Cr and Ni segregations, combination of iron and oxygen atoms, epitaxial growth as well as separation of Fe3O4 grains. The size of oxides increased with increasing electron irradiation fluence, and it reached up to about 6 nm at the fluence of 6.1 1023 e/cm2.     

正交结构的Fe_3B电子理论

应用键距差方法分析了o-Fe3B的价电子结构，指出了o-Fe3B的价电子结构的基本特点，并以此为基础分析了o-Fe3B的某些物理性质．     

Cr3 C2含量对Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用热等静压法制备Ni3 Al合金和Cr3 C2含量不同的Ni3 Al基复合耐磨材料,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及摩擦磨损试验机,系统地研究Cr3 C2含量对材料组织特征、硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料中,Cr3 C2颗粒与Ni3 Al颗粒之间发生互扩散作用,使部分Cr3 C2颗粒转变为M7 C3( M=Cr, Fe, Ni)结构;在特定的摩擦磨损条件下,随着Ni3 Al基体中Cr3 C2比例增大,Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料的耐磨性能显著提高,达到了Ni3 Al合金耐磨性能的4~10倍。此外,随着Ni3 Al基体中Cr3 C2比例的增大,Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料对对磨盘的切削、刮擦作用减弱,对磨盘的磨损量减少。     

Fabrication of SrFe12-xNixO19 nanoparticles and investigation on their structural,magnetic and dielectric properties

SrFe12?xNixO19 nanoparticles (x = 0–1) were synthesized by a combustion sol–gel method. Their structure, dielectric and magnetic properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an LCR metry, and vibrating sample mag-netometry (VSM).The results reveal that all samples of Ni doped compounds (SrFe12?xNixO19) withx < 0.2 are single phase. It appears that the Fe3+ions are substituted by Ni2+ ions on the crystallographic sites of the SrFe12O19 structure; however, forx≥ 0.2, the secondary Ni phase ferrite (NiFe2O3) appears, which reduces the saturation magnetization and coercivity. In addition, Ni doping reduces the dielectric con-stant, dielectric loss, and alternating current (ac) electrical conductivity of the samples. The variation in ac conductivity (σac) with frequency shows that the electrical conductivity in these ferrites is mainly attributed to the electron hopping mechanism.Therefore; all the single-phase Ni doped samples are suitable for use in magnetic recording media and microwave devices.     

La_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)Ni_(1-x)M_xO_3钙钛矿氧化物的制备及催化性能研究

采用柠檬酸络合法制备了一系列La0.8Cu0.2Ni1-xMxO3(M分别为Mn、Fe和Co)钙钛矿复合氧化物.催化性能的测定结果表明:750℃焙烧制得的催化剂La0.8Cu0.2Ni0.8Mn0.2O3显示出良好的三效催化性能,能使贫燃条件下CO、NO和C3H6的起燃温度较低,分别为165℃、295℃和302℃,当温度高于400℃时完全转化.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)的测试分析结果表明:La0.8Cu0.2Ni0.8Mn0.2O3因具有良好的钙钛矿晶型结构,且为纳米级晶体,所以三效催化性能良好.