Hot forging of Mg-4Al-2Ba-2Ca (ABaX422) alloy and validation of processing map

A cup-shaped component of Mg-4Al-2Ba-2Ca (ABaX422) alloy was forged in the temperature range of 300–500 °C and at speeds in the range of 0.01–10 mm/s with a view to validate the processing map and study the microstructural development. The process was simulated through finite-element method to estimate the local and average strain rate ranges in the forging envelope. The processing map exhibited two domains in the following ranges: (1) 300–390 °C and 0.0003–0.001 s^?1, and (2) 400–500 °C and 0.0003–0.3 s^?1 and both represented dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The map revealed a wide flow instability regime at higher strain rates and temperatures lower than 400 °C, in which flow localization occurred. Forgings produced under conditions of the above two domains were sound and symmetrical, and had finer grain sizes when being forged in the first domain. However, when being forged in the flow instability regimes, the alloy fractured before the final shape was reached. The experimental load–stroke curves for the conditions within the domains correlated well with the simulated ones, whereas the curves obtained in the instability regime were uneven.     

17Cr2Ni2MoVNb和20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢的动态再结晶行为及热加工图

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机得到17Cr2Ni2MoVNb和20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢在1000~1150 ℃、0.01~10 s^-1的流变应力曲线,构建了两种钢的动态再结晶Avrami动力学模型和热加工图。结果表明,两种钢在高变形温度、低应变速率下易发生动态再结晶。17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢中较高的Nb和Mo含量对动态再结晶的抑制作用大于20Cr2Ni4A钢中的高Ni含量的影响,导致在相同的热变形条件下17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢的动态再结晶体积分数小于20Cr2Ni4A钢。17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢的最佳热加工工艺参数为:温度为1050~1150 ℃、应变速率为0.1~0.6 s^-1;20Cr2Ni4A钢的最佳加工参数为:温度为1100~1150 ℃、应变速率为3.3~5.5 s^-1。     

铸造Mg-4Al-2Sn-Y-Nd镁合金的热压缩行为与加工图

利用热压缩实验研究一种新型的具有优异室温塑性的Mg-4Al-2Sn-Y-Nd镁合金的高温流变行为,变形温度为200～400℃,应变速率为1.5×10-3～7.5 s^-1。结果表明：合金的应变速率敏感因子（m）在不同变形温度下均明显小于AZ31镁合金的m值,因此该合金适合在高应变速率下进行热加工。在真应力-应变曲线基础上,建立Mg-4Al-2Sn-Y-Nd 镁合金高温变形的本构方程,并计算得到合金的应力指数为10.33,表明合金在高温下主要的变形机制为位错攀移机制。同时,利用加工图技术确定合金的最佳高温变形加工窗口,即变形温度在350～400℃之间,应变速率在0.01～0.03 s^-1。     

激光冲击改善W6M05Cr4V2(M2)高速钢刀具材料耐磨性的研究

目的 研究激光冲击强化(LSP)技术对M2高速钢材料表面抗磨损性能的影响.方法 采用高功率短脉冲的强激光束对M2试样进行激光冲击处理,然后用显微硬度计测量试样冲击区横截面上的纵向显微硬度,用磨损试验机对冲击处理前后的试样进行磨损实验.结果 在铝箔涂层、流水约束层作用下对M2高速钢试样进行激光冲击强化处理,试样强化层中的奥氏体晶粒显著细化.试样冲击区横截面上形成了由表及里的纵向显微硬度梯度,获得了深约0.6 mm的硬化层,表层材料显微硬度峰值高达70HRC左右,比基体硬度提高10％左右.激光冲击处理后的M2试样表面较光洁,磨痕较少,磨痕底部相对平滑,犁沟深度较浅,磨损量较小,稳定磨损阶段较长,表面呈现较好的抗咬合性和较高的耐磨性.结论 经激光冲击处理后,M2高速钢材料强化层所获得的较细晶粒和较高硬度有效改善了表面抗磨损性能,进一步提高了M2高速钢刀具的切削性能与使用寿命.     

Phase diagrams of Li2MoO4-Na2MoO4 and Na2MoO4-K2MoO4 systems

The phase diagrams of the Li2MoO4-Na2MoO4 and Na2MoO4-K2MoO4 systems have been reassessed using differential thermal analysis together with high-temperature and room-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the compound Li2MoO4.6Na2MoO4 did not exist; however, it confirmed the existence of the compound Li2MoO4.3Na2MoO4 in the Li2MoO4-Na2MoO4 systen＇ls. With regard to the system of Na2MoO4-K2MoO4, we could not confirm the results reported by Bukhanova who claimed that the system was eutectic type with 1：1 and 1：2 intermediate compounds, refuting the statement of Amadori who thought there was an apparent phase boundary at high temperature in α-solid solution region of the Na2MoO4-K2MoO4 binary system. The revised phase diagrams of these systems are illustrated in this article. These experimental results are in agreement with the computerized prediction using the support vector machine-atomic parameter method for the assessment of phase diagrams.     

SiO2薄膜改善Ti6Al4V合金恒温氧化行为的研究

介绍了用溶胶-凝胶/表面活性剂模板/添加剂的方法制备的SiO2薄膜对Ti6Al4V合金恒温氧化性能的影响.恒温氧化实验结果表明,制备的SiO2薄膜具有良好的抗恒温氧化性能.涂覆薄膜的试样表面形成了较薄的混合氧化膜.机理分析认为,该混合氧化物膜的生长机制由向内扩散的氧元素和向外扩散的金属元素控制.      

Modulated Phases in the Ba2SiO4-Ca2SiO4 System of A2BX4, K2SO4-related Structures

Abstract

The A₂BX₄ family of K₂SO₄-related structures have long been of interest to crystal chemists, largely due to the numerous different polymorphs and complicated sequences of phase transitions they sometimes exhibit as a function of temperature. For most such A₂BX₄ compounds, there are essentially only two distinct structure types or parent structures — a high-temperature, ?hexagonal‘ form isomorphous to α-K₂SO₄ and a lower-temperature, orthorhombic form isomorphous to β-K₂SO₄. In addition to these two prototype structures, however, there often exist weakly distorted, or modulated, variants. In the case of the Ba_2-xCa_xSiO₄ system, five such modulated variants have been found via an electron diffraction study and characterized. The characteristic satellite extinction conditions associated with the weak satellite reflections have been used to determine displacement eigenvectors and atomic displacement patterns associated with each of the observed modulation wave-vectors. The widespread occurrence of modulated phases within the A₂BX₄ family of K₂SO₄-related structures suggests an almost chronic instability to displacive modulation.     

锻造工艺对Ti-6Al-4V-4Zr-Mo合金绝热剪切敏感性的影响

对铸造态Ti-6Al-4V-4Zr-Mo合金采用两种不同的锻造工艺(α+β锻造,β锻造)进行热加工,使用Hopkinson Bar技术对这两种不同状态的合金进行动态剪切试验,研究了不同锻造工艺对该合金绝热剪切敏感性的影响。结果表明,α+β锻后试样的微观组织为细小的等轴状组织,β锻后的组织为晶粒粗大的网篮状组织。当加载条件高于其临界应变率时,两种试样的承载时间均随着应变率的提高而降低,β锻造后的试样较α+β锻后的试样具有更高的绝热剪切敏感性。     

TC4合金管材挤压成型工艺研究

研究了不同的挤压温度、挤压比和挤压速度等挤压参数对TC4合金管材挤压成型工艺的影响,以及润滑方式对TC4合金挤压管材表面的影响。研究结果表明,采用热挤压方式生产φ47mm×3mmTC4合金管材,挤压比应选在3￣10之间,挤压速度选在50￣120m/s,润滑剂用玻璃粉,可得到显微组织为两相加工组织,变形充分均匀,力学性能匹配良好,表面质量合格的TC4合金管材。本研究得到的TC4合金管材挤压成型工艺研究可用于工业化生产。     

SrMoO4薄膜的化学溶液制备技术和发光性质研究

利用化学溶液技术制备了具有单一白钨矿结构的SrMoO4多晶薄膜.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了薄膜的晶相结构,用红外光谱(IR)对薄膜的均一性进行了表征,用原子力显微镜(AFM)对薄膜的表面形貌进行了观察.采用荧光光谱仪测试了所制SrMoO4薄膜在不同温度下的光致发光特性.研究结果表明,在276 nm的紫外光激发下,钼酸锶薄膜室温条件下显示出良好的光致发光特性,呈现宽带(～300 nm)的发光特征.另外,光致发光光谱的峰值呈现出明显的温度漂移特性,从511 nm(11 K)变化到484 nm(293 K).此外,本文还讨论了SrMoO4薄膜在闪烁材料和紫外成像薄膜材料方面的可能应用.     

激光冲击强化对W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢材料表面性能的影响

目的研究激光冲击强化处理对W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)高速钢材料表面性能的影响机理,探讨激光冲击强化处理可否作为提高M2高速钢刀具使用寿命的一种手段。方法以铝箔作为表面吸收层、流水作为约束层,采用高功率钕玻璃激光冲击系统对M2高速钢试样进行激光冲击强化处理,然后用砂纸对试样表面打磨,用研磨膏抛光表面,用硝酸酒精溶液浸蚀金相试样。分别用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对被冲击试样强化层的微观组织进行观察及分析,用显微硬度计测量激光冲击前后试样表层材料的显微硬度,用X射线应力测定仪测量激光冲击后试样表面的残余应力。结果当采用的激光波长为1064 nm、激光能量为9 J、光斑直径为3 mm、脉宽12 ns、激光功率密度为12.7 GW/cm~2时,M2高速钢材料强化层中的奥氏体晶粒显著细化,形成位错马氏体与孪晶马氏体的混合组织,M2试样表面硬度较激光冲击处理前提高约6.67%左右。试样表面获得了约1.0 mm深的残余压应力层,最大残余压应力在表层,约为-155 MPa。结论激光冲击强化处理在一定程度上改善了M2高速钢材料的表面性能,有利于提高M2高速钢刀具的切削性能与使用寿命。     

Zr-4合金的热变形和加工图

在Gleeble-1500热／力模拟机上对Zr-4合金进行了热压缩试验，研究了其在温度750℃-950℃和应变速率0．005s^-1～50s^-1条件下的热变形行为。结果表明：热变形过程的流变应力可用双曲正弦本构关系来描述，平均激活能为377．79kJ／mol。根据材料动态模型，计算并分析了Zr-4合金的加工图。利用加工图确定了热变形的流变失稳区，并且获得了试验参数范围内的热变形过程的最佳工艺参数，其热加工温度930℃～950℃，应变速率为0．05s^-1～0．8s^-1和10s^-1-30s^-1的2个区域。     

Influence of the mechanochemical conditions on the processing of Bi4SrTi4O15 ceramics from submicronic powdered precursors

Ferroelectric Bi₄SrTi₄O₁₅ ceramic samples have been processed and characterized. The ceramic precursors were obtained by the mechanochemical method with different activation conditions. Initial reagents have been activated in different types of mills, vibrating and planetary, for different milling times. SrCO₃ or SrO were used as initial reagents. Bi₄SrTi₄O₁₅ ceramics have been processed at several sintering temperatures, 1050 °C being the optimum temperature, for obtaining dense Aurivillius single phase ceramics. Also, dielectric properties as a function of temperature and frequency are reported for the Bi₄SrTi₄O₁₅ ceramics. Poling experiments were carried out, and piezoelectric coefficients are given.     

TiB2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V合金梯度纳米结构复合材料组织演化与防弹性能

基于陶瓷/钛合金液态熔合与扩散原理,采用离心反应熔铸工艺成功制备出TiB2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V梯度纳米结构复合材料。经14.5 mm军用制式穿甲弹DOP靶试,TiB2基陶瓷与TiB2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V梯度纳米结构复合材料的平均质量效益分别为3.05和7.30,因此可认为由于陶瓷/钛合金层间生成TiB2、TiB呈空间尺度连续梯度演化的复合结构,该复合材料不仅具有高的层间解离抗力与优异的整体力学性能,而且通过层间载荷传递与多尺度（微米/微纳米/纳米）界面剪切耦合的双重效应,又在靶试中表现出高的抗弹性能。     

Synthesis of TiB2 by electric discharge assisted mechanical milling

In this study, synthesis of titanium diboride from elemental powders of Ti and B by electric discharge assisted mechanical milling technique was investigated. This recently developed technique has the following advantages: rapid reaction rate, controlled reaction, direct reaction between Ti and B without adding another element into the system and cost effectiveness. TiB₂ samples were prepared using an in-house built reactor with an ac high voltage transformer, generating impulses within kV/mA range. The structures of reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, and powder morphologies by SEM. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the milling product was TiB₂ with small fraction of TiB.     

Thermoelectric properties of the new tellurides SrSc2Te4 and BaSc2Te4 in comparison to BaY2Te4

The two new ternary scandium tellurides SrSc₂Te₄ and BaSc₂Te₄ were prepared by heating the elements at temperatures between 800 °C and 900 °C under vacuum. Both compounds crystallize in the CaFe₂O₄ type, space group Pnma, Z = 4, with lattice dimensions of a = 13.1795(17) Å, b = 4.2323(7) Å, c = 15.367(2) Å, V = 857.2(2) Å³ for SrSc₂Te₄, and a = 13.292(2) Å, b = 4.2694(7) Å, c = 15.523(3) Å, V = 880.9(2) Å³ for BaSc₂Te₄. The structures comprise a three-dimensional network of edge- and corner-sharing ScTe₆ octahedra. The Sr and Ba cations are located in linear channels, surrounded by eight Te atoms forming bicapped trigonal prisms. SrSc₂Te₄ and BaSc₂Te₄ are electron-precise materials exhibiting common oxidation states, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Sc³⁺, and Te²⁻. We calculated the band gaps to be 0.1 eV for SrSc₂Te₄ and 0.2 eV for BaSc₂Te₄. At room temperature, both materials exhibit a high Seebeck coefficient and low electrical conductivity.     

Initial atmospheric corrosion of zinc in presence of Na_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2SO_4

1 Introduction In view of the widespread use of zinc, as metallic sheet or zinc coatings, it was desirable to study its corrosion behaviour in the wide variety of atmospheres. The atmospheric corrosion of zinc has been studied in field exposures as well …     

Initial atmospheric corrosion of zinc in presence of Na2SO4 and （NH4）2S04

Initial atmospheric corrosion of zinc in the presence of Na₂SO₄ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ was investigated via quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) in laboratory at relative humidity(RH) of 80% and 25 °C. The results show that both Na₂SO₄ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ can accelerate the initial atmospheric corrosion of zinc. The combined effect of Na₂SO₄ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ on the corrosion of zinc is greater than that caused by (NH₄)₂SO₄ and less than that caused by Na₂SO₄. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to characterize the corrosion products of zinc. (NH₄)₂Zn(SO₄)₂, Zn₄SO₄(OH)₆·5H₂O and ZnO present on zinc surface in the presence of (NH₄)₂SO₄ while Zn₄SO₄(OH)₆·5H₂O and ZnO are the dominant corrosion products on Na₂SO₄-treated zinc surface. Probable mechanisms are presented to explain the experimental results.     

Electrical resistivity of NiFe_2O_4 ceramic and NiFe_2O_4 based cermets

NiFe2O4 ceramic and NiFe2O4 based cermets, expected to be used as the inert anodes in aluminum electrolysis, were prepared and their electrical resistivities were measured at different temperatures. The effects of temperature and composition on their electrical resistivities were investigated. The results indicate that the electrical resistivities of NiFe2O4 based cermets mainly depend on temperature, resistivity of ceramic matrix, composition and dispersion of the metal phase among ceramic matrix. The electrical resistivity of NiFe2O4 ceramic decreases from 10. 094 Ω · cm to 0. 475 Ω · em with increasing temperature from 573 K to 1 233 K. The electrical resistivities of NiFe2O4 based cermets are greatly lowered, but decrease with increasing the temperature with similar trend compared to that of NiFe2O4 ceramic. The resistivities of NiFe2O4 based cermets containing 5 % Ni, 5 % Cu and 5 % CuNi alloy are 0. 046 8, 0.066 8 and 0. 0532 Ω · cm at 1 233 K, respectively, which are all acceptable as inert anode materials compared to that of the current carbon anode used for aluminum electrolysis.