膜法海水淡化系统在华能威海电厂的应用

随着我国水资源的日益匮乏,海水淡化技术不断应用于工业中。华能威海电厂三期海水淡化系统设备为笔者所在公司提供,海水作为该厂锅炉补给水水源,采用了超滤(UF)-海水反渗透(SWRO)-一级反渗透-二级反渗透-电去离子技术(EDI)全膜法制备。其中能量回收作为海水淡化系统的重要部分,本文将介绍几种常用的能量回收装置,并详细介绍膜法海水淡化系统在该厂中的应用。     

压力交换式能量回收器在反渗透海水淡化技术中的应用

在反渗透海水淡化系统中，高压系统中采用压力交换式能量回收器，大大地降低海水淡化的能耗。压力交换式能量回收器的能量回收效率达到95％以上，本文从其工作原理和反渗透海水淡化设计上阐述其应用的优点。     

反渗透海水淡化技术研究进展

反渗透海水淡化技术以其特有的优点得到了越来越广泛的应用,近几十年来我国对该技术的研究取得了较大发展。该文综述了反渗透海水淡化技术的发展过程及应用状况,重点介绍了反渗透膜、预处理技术、能量回收技术、反渗透系统优化设计等方面的技术进步及存在的问题,根据该技术研究及应用现状,提出了我国反渗透海水淡化技术未来发展的看法。     

长岛1000吨/日反渗透海水淡化示范工程

长岛1000t／d反渗透海水淡化工程是我国第一个自行设计、建造的日产千吨级反渗透海水淡化示范工程,在国内首次使用压力交换式能量回收设备,建成后运行正常,能耗达到国际先进水平,为推广我国的海水淡化起到了很好的示范作用。     

正位移式阀控能量回收装置盐水连续进料过程特性研究

能量回收装置是反渗透海水淡化系统的关键设备之一，对降低系统运行能耗和造水成本至关重要。正位移式阀控能量回收装置以反渗透淡化系统排放的高压盐水作为进料，通过在水压缸中直接增压原料海水的方式来实现压力能回收利用。但在装置运行过程中常常存在高压盐水进料不连续（即流量有较大波动）等问题，直接影响了反渗透淡化系统运行的稳定性。本丈在分析造成上述问题原因的基础上，通过改进控制方案，使得高压盐水进料过程中的流量和压力波动问题得到有效解决，保证了盐水进料的连续性。针对阀控能量回收装置运行过程中低压进料海水仍存在流量和压力波动的现象，文章提出了两个具体的措施，即通过多套装置并联运行及在进料海水管路上设置旁路的方式来解决。     

基于AMESim的海水淡化斜盘柱塞式能量回收装置运行性能分析

为满足中小型海水淡化系统节能降耗需求,设计开发了一种新型斜盘柱塞式能量回收装置,并基于AMESim仿真分析软件构建了斜盘柱塞式能量回收装置的液压仿真模型及与之配套的反渗透海水淡化系统流体计算模型,对斜盘柱塞式能量回收装置在海水淡化系统中的耦合运行性能进行了模拟研究.结果 表明:在装置高压进流压力为6.0 MPa,设计处...     

反渗透海水淡化(SWRO)能量回收技术应用分析

反渗透技术已经在国内外的海水淡化工程中得到广泛应用,能量回收装置的应用使得反渗透海水淡化产水能耗大大降低,制水成本大幅下降。本文简要介绍了反渗透海水淡化能量回收技术及其经济成本分析,反渗透海水淡化能量回收装的分类,并对主流能量回收装置进行比较分析。SWRO系统中的流体能量回收利用技术有着良好的前景。     

大型反渗透海水淡化工程能耗降低方法探讨

探讨了降低海水淡化能耗的方法,对能量回收装置性能进行了对比分析,并对大型反渗透海水淡化工程提出了"深井取水 预处理(UF/MF) 高产水量RO膜 AT TURBO/PX"工艺,提高反渗透装置进膜压力、平均膜通量、回收率,降低吨水能耗,对今后大型反渗透海水淡化工程设计有一定的借鉴意义.     

外驱旋转式能量回收装置的设计和性能测试

旋转式能量回收装置（RERD）作为反渗透海水淡化系统的节能设备,对于降低系统能耗和产水成本具有重要意义。设计和加工了一套新的外驱旋转式能量回收装置,建立了满足其性能评测要求的一套完整的反渗透海水淡化系统。当装置的性能很好地满足工业化运用需求时,对RERD与反渗透淡化系统的耦合运行性能进行了现场测试。实验结果表明：反渗透膜的操作压力为6.0 MPa、RERD的处理量为13 m³/h及转子转速为500 r/min时,装置的泄漏量为0.57 m³/h,能量回收效率达到91.2%。保持反渗透膜的操作压力和装置转速不变,当装置的处理量为16 m³/h时,进出RERD的4股流体的流量和压力波动较小,装置的能量回收效率略有提高,达到92.5%。     

海岛一体化制水装置研究与应用示范

2009年10月,在洞头县大瞿岛村建成一套50m~3·d~(-1),海岛一体化制水装置,该装置采用先进的反渗透技术、能量回收技术、微电解技术,电抑菌技术,产水水质好,能耗省,制水成本低,占地面积少.本装置的应用示范打破了国外公司对海水淡化能量回收装置的垄断,对海岛地区降低海水淡化工程建设成本、降低制水能耗、提高产品水的水质以及降低设备运行维护费用等方面起到较好的示范推广作用,对缓解我国的海岛及部分沿海地区村庄的水资源危机和保障我国海水淡化的供水安全具有极为重大的意义.     

Redox Flow Batteries: Stationary Energy Storages with Potential

On the way to a secure, economic, and environmentally compatible future of energy supply, the share of renewable energies will rise strongly as part of the energy transition. To ensure a constant and resilient energy supply, despite the fluctuations of renewable energies, efficient energy storage systems are crucial. One of the most promising technologies are redox flow batteries. They are of particular importance in the field of stationary applications, due to their flexible and independent scalability of capacity and power output as well as their high cycle stability, calendric service life, and operational safety.     

碘硫循环制氢中HI浓缩分离工艺的研究进展

综述了碘硫循环制氢中用于HI浓缩分离的3种主要技术路线,即磷酸萃取精馏、反应精馏以及电解电渗析预浓缩-精馏的研究进展,对各路线的过程原理、操作流程、能量利用效率等方面进行了讨论,在此基础上对比了其各自的优点和不足之处,并对其应用前景进行了展望。其中,磷酸萃取精馏开发最早,相对成熟,但操作流程复杂,运行效率需进一步提升;反应精馏流程有望以高集成度取得高效率,但所需条件非常苛刻,其设备开发、工艺实验等工作亟待展开;近年来发展较快的电解电渗析预浓缩-精馏工艺由于具有操作简单,条件温和,浓缩效率高等优点而具有较好的应用前景,其进一步工艺放大、模块化以及与精馏的高效协同等都是未来研究的重点和难点。     

Optimized integration of renewable energy technologies into Alberta’s oil sands industry

An energy optimization model for the integration of renewable technologies into the energy infrastructure of the oil sands industry is presented. The proposed model determines the optimal configuration of oil producers and the energy infrastructure required to meet their energy demands. The model is geared toward the minimization of cost subject to carbon dioxide emission constraints. A mixed integer non-linear optimization model is developed that simultaneously optimizes capacity expansion and new investment decisions of conventional and renewable energy technologies. To illustrate its applicability, the proposed model was applied to a case study using data reported in the literature for various years of oil sands operations. A rolling horizon approach was implemented to determine the effect of investment decisions of previous operational years on the selection of new investment options. Results were compared with and without the incorporation of renewable energy technologies. The results obtained indicate that the proposed model is a practical tool that can be employed to evaluate and plan oil sands and energy producers for future scenarios. Moreover, the results show that renewable energy technologies have significant potential in reducing reliance on fossil-fuel based technologies and their associated CO₂ emissions. The emission constraints set for the operational year 2025 can only be achieved by the incorporation of renewables in the energy production mix.     

微生物燃料电池废水生物处理技术

针对传统废水处理技术高的能耗和运行费用,加上世界范围内环境污染与能源危机的日益加剧,迫使人们在寻求更为经济、节能条件下高效运行的替代性废水处理技术的同时开发新型可持续利用的清洁能源。文章简要介绍了一种既能高效降解废水中各种有机化合物又能直接产生电能输出的新型废水生物处理技术—微生物燃料电池技术。     

聚丙烯材料粘结和涂装性能的改善方法

综述了聚丙烯表面涂装性能改善的方法，包括火焰处理法、气体热氧化法、化学试剂氧化法、电晕处理法、涂覆处理技术、力化学处理、等离子处理技术、共混改性技术、表面接枝、高能射线辐照处理等，对各种改性方法的工艺和改性效果作了评述。重点介绍了等离子体处理技术、共混改性技术及处理时间、处理温度及等离子气体种类对表面性质、粘结强度、功能性基团数量的影响。     

Linking renewables and fossil fuels with carbon capture via energy storage for a sustainable energy future

Renewable energy sources and low-carbon power generation systems with carbon capture and storage (CCS) are expected to be key contributors towards the decarbonisation of the energy sector and to ensure sustainable energy supply in the future. However, the variable nature of wind and solar power generation systems may affect the operation of the electricity system grid. Deployment of energy storage is expected to increase grid stability and renewable energy utilisation. The power sector of the future, therefore, needs to seek a synergy between renewable energy sources and low-carbon fossil fuel power generation. This can be achieved via wide deployment of CCS linked with energy storage. Interestingly, recent progress in both the CCS and energy storage fields reveals that technologies such as calcium looping are technically viable and promising options in both cases. Novel integrated systems can be achieved by integrating these applications into CCS with inherent energy storage capacity, as well as linking other CCS technologies with renewable energy sources via energy storage technologies, which will maximise the profit from electricity production, mitigate efficiency and economic penalties related to CCS, and improve renewable energy utilisation.     

Novel MBRs for the removal of organic priority pollutants from industrial wastewaters: a review

Organic pollutants which are commonly discharged by the 21 industrial groups identified by the US EPA are regulated under the toxic and priority pollutants list. Novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems developed in the last two decades, such as the high‐retention MBRs (HR‐MBRs) and extractive MBRs (EMBRs), could be applied in the retention/extraction of targeted organics from point‐source industrial wastewater to meet stringent regulatory requirements. This paper combines previous reviews and studies conducted on the individual novel MBRs to discuss the potential in applying these technologies in the removal of targeted organic pollutants from industrial wastewater by providing a summary of the technologies and discussing the research gaps that currently hamper their commercialization. Future research should focus on long‐term operation with real industrial wastewaters to identify membrane, operational and biodegradation limitations for further optimization. This includes advances in microbiology and the application of novel membranes to boost the biodegradation and removal capabilities of these novel MBR systems. Energy and economic analyses of the MBRs operated at the pilot/demo scale are required to compare their benefits with conventional treatment systems. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

热电联产机组热电解耦技术对比分析

增加热电联产机组运行的灵活性可以提高可再生能源利用率,减小“弃风”和“弃光”率,然而对于灵活性改造技术的对比分析研究相对较少。本文基于Ebsilon建立了600MW案例机组的热力学模型,采用Matlab调用模拟数据构建了该机组的能耗模型。基于此模型对比分析了热泵、电锅炉、蓄热罐及采用汽轮机本体改造等热电解耦技术对机组供热可行域及可行域内机组热力性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,采用热电解耦技术可以扩大机组的供热可行域,当机组热负荷为500MW时,采用热电解耦技术后,机组最小调峰能力由大到小排列为：电锅炉>低压缸光轴运行>低压缸零出力>压缩式热泵>蓄热罐。但电锅炉的能量利用率与?效率在所有热电解耦技术中最低。综合对比分析,在热电联产机组中采用压缩式热泵或热泵与蓄热罐耦合运行是一种节能的热电解耦方式。     

三维电极处理生物难降解有机废水

介绍了三维电极电化学水处理技术的分类及其特点,着重阐述了国内外的实验研究与应用现状,及三维电极与化学催化、光催化、生物催化、超声波、絮凝和吸附法等的优化组合技术。该领域研究的主攻目标仍然是如何提高电极材料的催化性能,提高电流效率,减少电极极化,降低能耗。因此,新型三维电催化电极和高效反应器的研制,三维电极法与其他处理方法的系统集成及处理单元的有机联合将是今后的研究发展方向。     

城镇污水处理厂碳中和技术及案例

污水是资源与能源的载体,蕴含着极大的化学能和热能,传统污水处理过程以能消能,处理过程能耗高且释放温室气体。在碳中和背景下,我国城镇污水处理厂实现碳中和运行,在能源自给、降低温室气体排放等方面具有潜力,成为城镇污水处理厂转型的热点。本文以城镇污水处理厂碳中和运行潜力分析为背景,分析了以高负荷活性污泥工艺（HRAS）、化学强化一级处理工艺（CEPT）、自养脱氮和反硝化除磷等工艺技术为主的碳源捕捉、低耗处理的新型污水处理工艺,并阐述了以厌氧消化-热电联产、热能和太阳能回收为代表的能源回收技术,以国内外碳中和技术运行的实际污水厂案例探讨了其应用优势和效果。同时,认为低耗运行和能源回收是城镇污水处理厂实现碳中和运行的关键,并对我国城镇污水处理厂实现碳中和运行提出了展望,旨在为城镇污水处理厂的低耗绿色可持续发展提供参考。