枯草芽孢杆菌产β-甘露聚糖酶固体发酵条件的优化*

芽孢杆菌是产甘露聚糖酶的优良菌株,首次研究芽孢杆菌固体发酵条件的优化。以天然麸皮作为基本原料,研究利用枯草芽孢杆菌WY34固体发酵生产β-甘露聚糖酶的发酵条件。最佳固体发酵培养条件为:麸皮5 g,初始水分含量71%,初始pH 7.0,接种量为2 mL,1%Tween-80,0.4 g魔芋粉,培养温度50℃。在最适条件下培养5 d,甘露聚糖酶酶活高达7,650 U/g干基,是未优化前酶活的2.78倍。     

枯草芽孢杆菌β-甘露聚糖酶补料发酵及其特性研究

采用正交实验设计对枯草芽孢杆菌产β－甘露聚糖酶的培养基组成和培养条件进行优化,在此基础上进行摇瓶补料发酵,酶活达223．47U／mL,较未补料的酶活提高了32．09％。酶反应最适pH为6．5,最适温度为70℃,该酶在pH5.0-10.0和70摄氏度以下稳定,水解魔芋胶产物主要为二糖以上低聚糖。     

毛壳霉CQ31的鉴定及固体发酵产木聚糖酶条件的优化

从土壤中筛选出一株产木聚糖酶的真菌CQ31, 经鉴定后命名为毛壳霉CQ31。该菌能够利用几种农业废弃物固体发酵高产木聚糖酶, 玉米杆为最佳碳源。单因素优化试验表明: 以玉米杆为碳源, 胰蛋白胨为氮源, 初始水分含量80%, 初始pH值9.0为最佳产酶条件。在优化后的条件下培养7 d产木聚糖酶水平高达4897 U/g干基碳源, 此时甘露聚糖酶酶活达803 U/g干基碳源。因此, 毛壳霉CQ31固体发酵产木聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶具有一定的工业化应用前景。     

枯草芽胞杆菌甘露聚糖酶发酵条件优化

旨在以枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis J为生产菌株,发酵生产β-甘露聚糖酶,通过优化产酶条件,以达到提高β-甘露聚糖酶产量的目的。利用DNS比色法检测β-甘露聚糖酶活力,采用单因素试验,研究碳氮源种类及碳氮源浓度、温度、pH、接种量和装液量对菌株Bacillus subtilis J发酵产β-甘露聚糖酶的影响,结合响应面试验设计确定菌株Bacillus subtilis J发酵产甘露聚糖酶的最优发酵培养条件。单因素试验和响应面试验得到最优的发酵条件为魔芋粉28 g/L,胰蛋白胨21 g/L,K₂HPO₄ 6 g/L,MgSO₄·7H₂O 1 g/L,温度31 ℃,pH值 8.5,接种量1%（体积分数）,装液量50 mL/250 mL,发酵周期24 h。利用优化后的培养基生产β-甘露聚糖酶,其酶活力达到84.38 U/mL,是初始发酵培养基产酶活力的3.36倍。通过对发酵条件的优化,大幅度提高了β-甘露聚糖酶的产量,为其工业生产提供数据参考。     

酸性β-甘露聚糖酶的固体发酵和一般特性

研究了培养基组分和培养条件对黑曲霉WM20-11菌株合成β-甘露聚糖酶的影响。最适培养基和发酵条件为：水12mL,麸皮8g,豆饼粉2g,魔芋粉0.4g,玉米浆0.5mL,(NH4)2SO4 1.0%,CaCl2 0.1%、MgSO4 0.1%,KH2PO4 0.2%(相对于固体料的百分数）,自然pH:31-32℃固体静置培养84h,WM20-11产β-甘露聚糖酶活力达1295U/g干曲。该酶最适作用温度和pH分别为70℃和3.5;在pH2.5-7.0之间稳定,保温30min的半失活温度t1/2为58℃;Ca^2 对酶有激活作用,而Pb^2 、Co^2 、Fe^3 对酶有抑制作用。     

枯草芽孢杆菌β-甘露聚糖酶补料发酵及其特性研究

采用正交实验设计对枯草芽孢杆菌产 β-甘露聚糖酶的培养基组成和培养条件进行优化 ,在此基础上进行摇瓶补料发酵 ,酶活达223.47U/mL ,较未补料的酶活提高了 32 90 %。酶反应的最适pH为 6 5 ,最适温度为 70℃ ;该酶在pH 5.0～10.0和 70℃以下稳定。水解魔芋胶产物主要为二糖以上低聚糖。     

生防用枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵工艺的研究

目的:提高一株生防用枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵生产过程中的芽孢产量。方法:研究通过优化固体发酵培养基及发酵生产工艺条件等方法提高了固体发酵枯草芽孢杆菌的芽孢产量。结果:固体发酵过程中,豆饼粉作用显著,能显著提高固体发酵枯草芽孢杆菌的芽孢数,可达到7.1×1010CFU/g。结论:该枯草芽孢杆菌的最优培养基为:麸皮84.4%、稻壳粉10%、豆饼粉5%、硫酸铵0.5%、硫酸镁0.1%、硫酸锰0.05%。生产工艺为料水比为1:1.2,发酵温度为37℃,发酵培养时间为52 h。     

产β-甘露聚糖酶菌株的筛选鉴定及产酶条件的优化

利用刚果红染色法从土壤中筛选到一株产β-甘露聚糖酶的菌株MY271,该菌株经形态学、生理生化及系统发育学方法鉴定为路德维希肠杆菌(Enterobacter ludwigii)。该菌株在初始条件下培养48 h,发酵上清液中β-甘露聚糖酶酶活可达2.87 U/m L。利用单因素试验对该菌产酶发酵条件进行优化以提高酶活,优化所得最佳发酵条件为:接种量9%,装液量50 m L/250 m L,初始p H7.0,发酵温度31℃,发酵周期48 h。最佳碳源为魔芋精粉(添加量0.8%),最佳氮源为蛋白胨(添加量1.9%)。在最佳条件下发酵48 h,发酵上清液中β-甘露聚糖酶活提升到38.42 U/m L,是优化前的13.4倍。     

β-甘露聚糖酶产生菌R10的产酶特性研究

分离出一株能利用魔芋飞粉和魔芋精粉生产β-甘露聚糖酶的解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)R10。其摇瓶最适发酵条件为：魔芋飞粉1％(m／m),魔芋精粉2％(m／m),160r/min,37℃培养10h。实验结果表明β-甘露聚糖酶的最适作用温度为60℃,最适作用pH为6．0。魔芋葡甘露聚糖经酶降解后为一系列低聚糖。     

产β－甘露聚糖酶地衣芽孢杆菌的分离筛选及发酵条件

从上样中分离筛选出产β－甘露聚糖酶的地衣芽孢杆菌,经紫外线诱变处理后（１５Ｗ,３０ｃｍ照射４０ｓ）获得高酶活力ＮＫ－２７菌株,在以魔芋粉、豆饼粉为碳、氮源添加无机盐的发酵培养基中,β－甘露聚糖酶活力达１１０．４９ｕ／ｍｌ。初始ＰＨ值、装液量、培养温度和培养时间对产酶有一定影响。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.