电磁约束成形定向凝固过程的非线性温度场分析

综合考虑试样的抽拉运动,试样内部固液两相共存且物性有差异,以及表面的幅射换热等因素,针对圆棒试样,建立了电磁约束成形定向凝固过程中试样内部非线性温度场的有限元分析模型,并计算出给定实验工艺条件下试样内固液界面的位置、液柱高度以及试样内部温度分布。计算结果和实验结果吻合,证明了本所建模型和算法正确可靠,可用于电磁约束成形定向凝固工艺的参数设计,指导实验和生产。     

预热温度对泡沫铝成形影响的研究与分析

系统研究了粒子预热温度对渗流铸造泡沫铝成形的影响，并对结果进行了理论分析。认为，泡渗流有效长度随预热温度的提高而提高，对每一粒子－金属液系统存在一相应的临界预热温度Ｔ。当Ｔ０〈Ｔ预〈ＴＥ（金属熔点时、金属可以获得良好的渗流充型。并从凝固的角度，分析探讨了渗流机理。     

熔体过热处理作用机制的新认识

从液-液结构转变的角度探讨了熔体过热处理对CuSn18.7(at.%)和BiPb20.1(at.%)合金凝固组织和凝固行为的作用机制.实验表明:在升温过程中,合金熔体的某些物理性能(例如内耗,电阻率,热电势和热)在特定的温度区间都发生了异常的变化,而在降温过程中没有异常变化,揭示了熔体中在这些温度区间内发生了不连续的液-液结构转变.随后的凝固实验表明结构转变对合金的凝固有着很大的影响,例如形核过冷度显著增大,CuSn18.7合金的凝固组织明显细化,而BiPb20.1合金的初生相形态由鱼骨状树枝晶变成无序的等轴晶.分析认为熔体结构转变使得熔体结构趋于均匀和无序,在凝固中抑制了初生相的形核,进而细化凝固组织.而BiPb20.1合金组织形态的变化则是由熔体结构转变改变了界面溶质分配系数导致的.     

Te 在铸铁中的作用机理的研究

对Ｔｅ在铸铁中的分布、Ｔｅ对铸铁熔体凝固结晶过程的影响等方面进行了研究。结果表明：基于动力学方面的原因，Ｔｅ促进铸铁熔体按介稳系凝固。     

铝熔体在铸嘴型腔中的传热及凝固现象分析

在双辊铝带坯铸轧工艺中，前箱铝熔体的温度对金属熔体在铸嘴型腔中的流动性能、铸轧速度和铝带坯质量有重要影响，而确定前箱铝熔体温度的基本依据是熔体在铸嘴型腔中的能量损失。目前，双辊铸轧铝带坯生产中前箱铝液温度主要通过经验或大量试验确定。通过分析金属熔体在铸嘴型腔中的对流换热及凝固现象，建立了非稳态和稳态传热过程中金属熔体在铸嘴型腔中的温度变化近似数学模型。这对合理确定参数（铸轧速度、铸嘴的几何尺寸和环境温度等）不同时前箱熔体温度提供了理论依据。     

凝固偏析对氧化铝/铝-铜合金复合材料性能的影响

利用挤压铸造技术制备氧化铝／铝-铜合金复合材料，研究了凝固偏析对复合材料机械性能的影响．结果表明：复合材料在凝固过程中由于选择结晶，基体中的溶质元素偏聚在纤维／基体界面或晶界上；纤维加速了复合材料的时效强化过程，随着纤维体积分数的增加，复合材料的硬度、强度、弹性模量增大，而塑性下降；随着预制件预热温度的升高，冷却速度减慢，凝固偏析加剧，复合材料的机械性能下降．     

保持架挤压铸造充型和凝固过程的数值模拟

为实现对挤压铸造生产过程的精确控制,运用有限元模拟软件对镁合金轴承保持架进行挤压铸造充型和凝固过程的数值模拟,得出最佳的挤压铸造工艺参数.优化的工艺参数为：浇注温度710 ℃,模具预热温度180 ℃,冲头压射速度25 mm/s,比压200 MPa,保压时间约为20 s.建立了充型时间和凝固时间与模具预热温度和冲头压射速度的数学关系式,并对液态合金的充型及凝固过程进行了可视化观察.模拟结果表明,充型、凝固过程合理,铸件结构完整,效果良好,说明镁合金轴承保持架具有良好的成形性.将此模拟结果应用到实践中,可优化挤压铸造过程,提高工作效率.     

Mg熔体凝固过程中的分子动力学模拟

为了研究Mg熔体凝固过程中晶体团簇和扩散系数的变化规律,采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了冷却速度对Mg熔体最终构型的影响规律,通过分析Mg熔体的径向分布函数、H-A键对分析和最大晶体团簇中的原子数,确定出Mg熔体凝固后获得理想非晶的冷却速度,最后对不同初始温度和不同保温温度下Mg熔体的扩散系数进行了研究.模拟结果表明当冷速小于等于1.0×10~(11.0) K·s~(-1)时,Mg熔体凝固后形成晶态组织,具有fcc结构;当冷速大于等于1.0×10~(12.5) K·s~(-1)时,Mg熔体凝固后形成非晶态组织;当冷速在1.0×10~(11.0) K·s~(-1)到1.0×1012.5 K·s~(-1)之间时,Mg熔体凝固后形成晶态结构和非晶态结构组成的混合组织,由fcc和hcp结构层状镶嵌排列构成.在同一保温温度下,Mg熔体的扩散系数随着保温时间的延长而减小,随着保温温度的降低,熔体中原子的均方位移逐渐减小;随着初始温度的不断升高,Mg熔体开始降温时的均方位移增加较快,随着降温过程的进行,温度越低均方位移的变化幅度越小,扩散系数也随之减小,当时间足够长时,均方位移不再变化,此时,扩散系数不再随着初始温度的改变而改变.     

燃烧参数对炉内温度场、流场和浓度场的影响

对天然气在高温蓄热式加热炉中的燃烧技术,运用Fluent软件通过数值模拟进行了研究.主要分析了影响炉膛内气流流动和温度分布的因素.研究结果表明:气流的相对速度对加热炉炉膛内的温度分布有很大的影响.天然气射流和空气射流的相对速度越小,加热炉内的高温区域越大,而且炉膛内的平均温度愈高,炉内的温度均匀性愈好;当空气的预热温度不变时,仅提高天然气的预热温度,炉内的最高温度和平均温度会随之提高;当空气的温度比较低时,随着天然气的预热温度的升高,燃烧产物中NO的浓度呈指数规律升高;当空气的预热温度升高时,NO的浓度随天然气的预热温度的升高呈指数规律降低.     

大方坯连铸过程中铸坯传热及凝固行为的研究

结晶器和二冷区传热对大方坯产品质量和铸机的生产率有重要影响，本文讨论了包钢引进的全国最大的方坯连铸机在拉坯时结晶器和二冷区传热情况以及坯壳凝固生长，铸坯温度的变化规律。着重讨论了电磁搅拌，过热度和拉速对坯壳凝固和生长规律的影响，指出控制铸坯凝固的主要因素是凝固潜热，影响凝固未端的最主要因素是拉速，而电磁搅拌对其影响区内的传热和坯壳生长和铸坯温度亦有重大影响。     

电渣重熔宏微观多尺度数值研究进展

电渣重熔过程伴随着电磁、流动、传质和传热等一系列复杂的宏观传输现象,同时伴随金属熔体形核和生长等一系列微观现象,宏微观现象之间彼此相互影响、相互制约,决定着最终重熔铸锭质量。在过去几十年里,研究者已经建立了电磁场、流场、温度场和溶质场宏观传输数学模型,揭示了电渣重熔体系内电流强度、磁感强度、焦耳热、电磁力、温度和溶质元素分布,以及渣金两相流动。最近,研究者建立了电渣重熔铸锭凝固微观组织数学模型,揭示了电渣重熔过程铸锭凝固组织演变规律和金属熔池形貌,以及重熔工艺对铸锭凝固组织的影响规律。然而,要全面揭示电渣重熔过程复杂的宏微观传输现象,还需要在电渣重熔过程熔渣内带电离子迁徙行为、电化学反应、枝晶间溶质扩散与流动、铸锭凝固收缩等方面进一步深入研究。     

稀土微合金低镍奥氏体不锈钢定向凝固组织的研究

采用电磁感应定向生长炉制备稀土微合金低镍奥氏体不锈钢定向凝固组织,系统地研究凝固速度和稀土元素Ce对不锈钢凝固时界面形态以及枝晶间距的影响。研究发现,在特定温度梯度下,随着凝固速度的增加,定向凝固的固液界面由胞状晶转变为树枝晶。凝固速度和稀土元素Ce的增加使得定向凝固组织的枝晶形貌逐渐细化,枝晶间距减小。     

Temperature distribution in front of the liquid-solid interface in the undercooled pure melt influenced by a transverse far field flow

The directional solidification in the undercooled pure melt influenced by a transverse far field flow was studied by using the multiple scale method. The result shows that in the boundary layer near the liquid-solid interface, when affected by a transverse far field flow, the temperature distribution in the direction of crystal growth presents an oscillatory and decay front in the side of liq- uid phase. The crucial distinguishing feature of a temperature pattern due to the transverse convection is the additional periodic modulation of the pattern in the growth direction. The wave number and eigenvalue that satisfy the Mullins-Sekerka dispersion rela- tion are suppressed by the transverse far field flow.     

New method for the preparation of semi-solid AISi7Mg alloy slurry

The effects of pouring temperature and short electromagnetic stirring with low strength on the microstructures of AlSi7Mg alloy were investigated.The results show that if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at 630 or 650 ℃,many primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt are rosette-like,and only a small number of them are spherical.However,if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at a lower superheat and meanwhile is stirred by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time,then most primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt become spherical,and only a few are rosette-like.The theoretical analysis indicates that the strengthened melt flow motion induced by the short electromagnetic stirring makes the temperature field more homogeneous in the melt,which is poured at a lower superheat,and makes the primary α-Al grains deposit in a larger region at the same time,so this new solidification kinetic condition leads to the microstructure of spherical primary α-Al grains.The experiments also demonstrate that pouring at an appropriate superheat and stirring by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time is a good new method for preparing the semi-solid slurry or billet of AlSi7Mg alloy.     

钛合金冷坩埚定向凝固过程温度场数值模拟

基于电磁场Maxwell方程组以及带有一定运动速度的连续介质凝固模型,建立了连续熔铸与定向凝固过程温度场数值计算模型,并对线圈匝数为4匝、输入电流密度为6.6×1010A/m2、电源频率为50 000 Hz时,扁形锭的电磁感应加热升温过程进行了模拟研究,得出了Ti-6Al-4V合金的温度场变化情况.结果显示,从开始加热的几十秒时间内,扁形铸锭温度上升很快;接近100 s时,铸锭温度分布趋于稳定;接近300 s时,铸锭自身基本达到热量平衡.     

New method for the preparation of semi-solid AlSi7Mg alloy slurry

The effects of pouring temperature and short electromagnetic stirring with low strength on the microstructures of AlSi7Mg alloy were investigated. The results show that if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at 630 or 650℃, many primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt are rosette-like, and only a small number of them are spherical. However, if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at a lower superheat and meanwhile is stirred by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time, then most primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt become spherical, and only a few are rosette-like. The theoretical analysis indicates that the strengthened melt flow motion induced by the short electromagnetic stirring makes the temperature field more homogeneous in the melt, which is poured at a lower superheat, and makes the primary α-Al grains deposit in a larger region at the same time, so this new solidification kinetic condition leads to the microstructure of spherical primary α-Al grains. The experiments also demonstrate that pouring at an appropriate superheat and stirring by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time is a good new method for preparing the semi-solid slurry or billet of AlSi7Mg alloy.     

Numerical analysis of 3D spot continual induction hardening on curved surface of AISI 1045 steel

In order to investigate and predict the material properties of curved surface AISI 1045 steel component during spot continual induction hardening(SCIH),a 3D model for curved surface workpieces which coupled electromagnetic,temperature and phase transformation fields was built by finite element software ANSYS.A small size inductor and magnetizer were used in this model,which can move along the top surface of workpiece flexibly.The effect of inductor moving velocity and workpiece radius on temperature field was analyzed and the heating delay phenomenon was found through comparing the simulated results.The temperature field results indicate that the heating delay phenomenon is more obvious under high inductor moving velocity condition.This trend becomes more obvious if the workpiece radius becomes larger.The predictions of microstructure and micro-hardness distribution were also carried out via this model.The predicted results show that the inductor moving velocity is the dominated factor for the distribution of 100% martensite region and phase transformation region.The influencing factor of workpiece radius on 100% martensite region and phase transformation region distribution is obvious under relatively high inductor moving velocity but inconspicuous under relatively low inductor moving velocity.     

微波预热装置在胶带硫化工艺中的应用研究

设计一种微波预热装置,用于胶带硫化工艺中的预热,以缩短胶带的硫化时间.鉴于该装置的工作原理,通过建立微波预热装置的谐振腔电磁场数学模型,并利用ANSYS分析软件对谐振腔内的电磁场进行仿真.分析电磁场在谐振腔内的分布情况,并给出微波预热装置的优化方案.     

Effect of microstructure and defects on the magnetostriction of 〈110〉 oriented TDT-110 alloys

〈110〉 oriented rods of TbDyFe giant magnetostrictive alloys have been prepared with the help of the zone melting directional solidification technique with a high temperature gradient. To acquire optimal magnetostrictive properties at low magnetic field, the TbDyFe alloys have been heat-treated at different temperatures and cooled at different rates. The relationships between the proc- ess of the heat treatment, microstructure, defects, and magnetostrictive properties of the TbDyFe materials have been studied. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

铝合金熔体氢含量计算模型建立及其可信性评价

为了更加深入的了解铝合金凝固特性,经理论分析后,建立了铝液中氢扩散过程的数学模型,对铝合金熔体吸/释氢过程进行了动力学推导.对不同的熔体温度、保温时间以及熔体初始氢含量等工艺参数条件下铝熔体的表面吸氢情况进行了计算,并利用铝合金熔体氢分压动态测氢装置,对实际扩散过程做了测试,给出了诸多因素作用下的熔体氢含量变化曲线.计...