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研究了黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)对四环素废水的生物降解作用,通过正交实验得到黄孢原毛平革菌降解四环素废水的最佳条件:pH=4、温度为35℃、黄孢原毛平革菌生物量为1.0×107个/mL、四环素质量浓度为9mg/L。基于此构建小型的生物膜反应器,选择醛化纤纶作为反应器的填料对黄孢原毛平革菌进行挂膜。该生物膜反应器对四环素废水的降解效果良好,在72h内对10mg/L的四环素去除率高达80%,废水中COD、TN、氨氮也有一定下降趋势,但TP变化不明显。采用黄孢原毛平革菌生物降解四环素废水具有一定的实际应用前景。 相似文献
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采用摇瓶实验考察固定化培养黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)对磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)的降解效果并对抗生素降解条件进行优化。结果表明,黄孢原毛平革菌在固定化培养后对SMX的降解能力有所提高,10 d后培养液中抗生素去除率达到了100%,而游离培养液中去除率为74%。固定化黄孢原毛平革菌降解磺胺甲噁唑的较优碳源和氮源分别是葡萄糖和酒石酸铵,初始p H范围在3.0~5.0之间、培养温度为30~40℃时较适宜。黄孢原毛平革菌对磺胺甲噁唑的降解受碳源种类影响较大,而在限氮条件下氮源的差异对其影响较小。 相似文献
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利用透射电子显微镜观察分析白腐真菌(黄孢原毛平革菌)在处理染料废水活性艳红X-3B过程中,染料和盐度对黄孢原毛平革菌的细胞结构产生的毒性作用.结果表明:活性艳红X-3B染料对黄孢原毛平革菌产生生物毒性作用,且随着染料浓度的增加,细胞受损伤程度不断加深.加入100 mg/L的染料活性艳红X-3B后,黄孢原毛平革菌菌丝细胞形态发生变化,出现质壁分离现象;染料浓度进一步加大,菌丝细胞超微结构受到损伤逐渐严重.染料废水中的盐度对黄孢原毛平革菌细胞也会造成损伤,且损伤程度随盐度增大而增大.NaCl浓度为3 g/L时,菌丝细胞发生质壁分离;而当NaCl加入量高于8 g/L时,细胞膜受损,线粒体、细胞核呈现空泡化,表现为受到不可逆的损伤.染料和盐双因子对黄孢原毛平革菌细胞的损伤效应表现为其损伤程度与单因子作用一致,且染料的影响作用占主导. 相似文献
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比较研究了不同载体吸附培养的黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)和云芝(Trametes versicolor)对染料连续脱色的效果。结果表明:(1)白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌和云芝分别在含有球形的木屑、玉米芯和花生壳载体的液体环境中振荡培养,菌体以膜状或团状形式大量附着生长在载体表面。(2)连续4轮脱色过程中,不论黄孢原毛平革菌还是云芝,都是木屑为载体的培养液的持续脱色和产酶能力最好,宜选择木屑为载体。其中,木屑为载体的黄孢原毛平革菌培养液经过2轮连续12d脱色后对活性黑RB5的最高脱色率仍能达到97%,在第3轮脱色中对活性红M-3BE的最终脱色率接近96%,并且能产生最高611U/L的锰依赖过氧化物酶(MnP)和1 477U/L的木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)。(3)在实际应用中应该将木屑为载体的黄孢原毛平革菌和云芝培养液都投加到含染料废水处理系统中,强化生物处理效果。 相似文献
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钙型天然斜发沸石去除猪场废水中营养物的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以钙型天然斜发沸石为实验材料,研究反应时间、沸石投加量、pH值、有机物浓度等因素对去除实际猪场废水中氨氮、磷和COD效果的影响。研究表明,钙型天然斜发沸石对实际猪场废水的处理效果良好,在沸石投加量为250 g/L、pH值为8.0~9.0、反应时间为24 h的条件下,钙型天然斜发沸石对氨氮、磷和COD的去除率分别达到96%、97%和84%。pH值对钙型天然斜发沸石氨氮去除效果影响不大,但对磷和COD的去除效果影响较显著;当pH值由6.0升高至7.0时,磷的去除率由63%迅速升高至93%,pH值为8.0以上时,去除率接近95%;随pH值的升高,COD的去除率先升高后降低,在pH值为8.0时,去除率达到最大,为84%。废水COD浓度对氨氮去除率的影响基本可忽略,但对磷的去除有轻微的抑制作用。采用固定滤柱过滤时,水力负荷控制在375 mL/h以下,氨氮、磷和COD的去除效果较好。 相似文献
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BM菌是一种能够高效去除电镀废水中重金属离子的新型功能菌群,实验研究了BM二代菌对Cr6+、Ni2+的最佳去除条件,结果表明:当水温为10~30℃,pH=2,Cr6+浓度为100 mg/L,反应10 min,菌废比为1∶200时废水中Cr6+的去除率达到98%以上;当水温为10~30℃,pH=8.5,Ni2+浓度为100 mg/L,反应10 min,菌废比为1∶200时废水中Ni2+的去除率达到96%以上;在相同条件下实际电镀废水中Cr6+和Ni2+的去除率均高于99%。 相似文献
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Wilkins K Nielsen KF Din SU 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(3):162-166
We reported previously that trichodiene, a volatile trichothecene derivative, was produced by a Stachybotrys isolate, also known to produce highly cytotoxic, non-volatile, macrocyclic trichothecenes (satrotoxins). We investigated the relationship between the production of trichodiene and various non-volatile trichothecenes for several molds. Volatile metabolites were concentrated by adsorption on Tenax TA and analyzed by GC/MS, while non-volatile metabolites were separated by HPLC, derivatized and analyzed by GC/MS. Stachybotrys chartarum isolates producing macrocyclic trichothecenes secreted significantly larger amounts of trichodiene and other sesquiterpenes than isolates which only produced simple trichothecenes. The amounts of secreted trichodiene were relatively small in all cases. With the exception of Memnoniella, which excreted small amounts of sesquiterpenes, the other isolates produced varying amounts of sesquiterpenes, including trichodiene, as well as simple tricothecenes, no detectable trichodiene, but large amounts of griseofulvin derivatives. In Stachybotrys there is apparently a correlation between trichodiene and macrocyclic trichothecene production. In the remaining isolates, there was no simple relationship between trichodiene and non-volatile trichothecene synthesis. Trichodiene is produced in larger amounts by Stachybotrys isolates, which also produce satratoxins, but it will be difficult to utilize this metabolite to detect toxic isolates in buildings due to the relatively small amounts excreted. 相似文献
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Shrestha RA Lama B Joshi J Sillanpää M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(4):303-307
Goal, scope, and background Arsenic contamination in groundwater creates severe health problems in the world. There are many physiochemical and biological
methods available for remediation of arsenic from groundwater. Among them, microbial remediation could be taken as one of
the least expensive methods, though it takes longer treatment time. The main objective of this research was to study the improvement
on remediation by addition of some essential ion salts such as Mn and Fe.
Materials and methods
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli were taken as model microbes from Dhulikhel, 30 km east from Kathmandu, Nepal.
Results and discussion Microbes used in this study showed different abilities in their removal of As(III) with and without addition of Mn and Fe
salts. The trend of remediation increased with time. S. aureus was found to be the best among the microbes used. It showed almost 100% removal after 48-h culture, both with and without
Fe and Mn salts. Rate of removal of As increased with addition of Fe and Mn for all microbes. Removal efficiency was found
to increase by about 32% on average after addition of salts in 24-h cultures of S. aureus. 相似文献
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The discharge of effluents and toxic compounds into aquatic systems represents a growing environmental problem involving an impact on water ecology and potential effect on human health. Most municipal wastewaters are complex mixtures; their complexity led as to carry out a hazard assessment using chemical analyses and biological tests.This study investigates biochemical alteratiobns in two sentinel organisms, the Anodonta cygnea mussel and the Xenopus laevis frog exposed for different lengths of time to various concentrartion of wastewater of the S. Antonino Ticino treatment plant. The results point out the long-life of toxic compounds. 相似文献
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氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸铜作用研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
为研究氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称A.f)对铜浸出的作用,从某煤堆积水中分离得到A.f菌,利用该菌对铜进行浸出实验,设置3个处理,3个处理的浸出液分别为9 K培养基(简称S),成熟菌液(简称MS)和过滤除菌液(简称FS)。结果表明,3个处理中铜都得到了浸出,浸出铜浓度按S、FS和MS依次递增分别为4 433、5 377和6 296 mg/L;浸出初期,MS中的铜,浸出速度最快,过滤除菌液中次之,而培养基中的速度比较稳定,比前两者均慢,24 h后三者浸铜速度趋近一致;三者中pH、Eh变化相似,pH均先升高至3.4左右保持相对稳定,Eh均先迅速下降至280 mV后保持稳定。由实验可知,氧化亚铁硫杆菌主要在浸出初期促进了铜的浸出,且菌液中溶解氧氧化Fe2+以及酸性条件下氧化Cu0对铜的浸出作用不容忽视。 相似文献
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为了探索污泥堆肥中重金属在土壤-植物系统中的积累与转移特性,通过温室盆栽实验,分析了污泥堆肥对草坪草高羊茅、黑麦草和白三叶生物量积累的情况,研究了污泥堆肥中Zn和Cu在植物和土壤中的分布特征。结果表明,污泥堆肥施用可以有效促进3种草坪草的积累生物量,在0~6 kg/m2的污泥堆肥施用量范围内,草坪草的生物量积累随着施用量的增加而提高。土壤中Zn和Cu的含量随污泥堆肥施加量的增加而增大,85%以上的Zn和Cu残留在土壤中。污泥堆肥中的Zn和Cu均可以被植物吸收,随着污泥堆肥施用量的增加,草坪草对Zn和Cu的吸收量增大,但当污泥堆肥施用量超过一定阈值时,草坪草吸收Zn和Cu不再增加,甚至减少;对于不同的草坪草,这一阈值有所不同。植物对Zn和Cu的吸收量只占土壤中Zn和Cu减少量的5%左右。根据生物富集系数(BCF)的计算结果推测,污泥堆肥的施用对土壤环境的影响大于对植物体内累积Zn和Cu的影响。 相似文献
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Marine macroalgal communities were examined near the outflow of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Britannia Mine, British Columbia, Canada. No marine algae were present within 100 m of the mouth of Britannia Creek, which carries the AMD into the marine environment. At greater distances (300-700 m) from this Creek, mean summer cover of filamentous green algae, mostly Enteromorpha intestinalis, was >60%, which was significantly higher than at nearby reference stations. At still greater distances (600-1000 m) from Britannia Creek, Fucus gardneri dominated algal communities that were similar to those at reference stations. No consistent differences were detected in mean plant length, mean per cent cover or mean oocyte production between F. gardneri near Britannia Creek and those at reference stations. Cu body burden in F. gardneri near Britannia Creek was five to 17 times higher than in reference plants. 相似文献
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不同质量浓度黄菖蒲和狭叶香蒲对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用简 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别采用黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)、狭叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia L.)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共生培养的实验方法研究了不同质量浓度黄菖蒲、狭叶香蒲对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用。结果表明,黄菖蒲在质量浓度大于10 g/L时对初始密度为1.0×107 ind/mL的铜绿微囊藻具有较好的抑制作用,表现为黄菖蒲质量浓度为10、20和40 g/L时,第15天对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率分别为30.1%、51.8%和84.0%;狭叶香蒲在质量浓度大于20 g/L时对铜绿微囊藻有明显的抑制作用,表现为狭叶香蒲质量浓度为20 g/L和40 g/L时,第15天对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率分别为34.2%和77.7%,实验过程中,铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a含量逐渐减少,而藻密度、SOD活性及MDA含量先增加后逐渐降低,表明经过一段时间持续地化感胁迫,黄菖蒲和狭叶香蒲可以诱导铜绿微囊藻产生氧化胁迫,导致细胞结构严重损伤和叶绿素大量分解,从而强烈抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长。 相似文献
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Physical-chemical and ecotoxicological evaluation of water based drilling fluids used in Italian off-shore 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In order to evaluate the effects on the marine ecosystem caused by an eventual discharge into sea of water based drilling fluids, as current legislation allows, chemical and ecotoxicological analyses were performed on the most common drilling muds and products used in Italian off-shore activities. The chemical analysis on drilling fluids involved the leaching test and the measurement of total content of heavy metals, whereas biodegradation tests were performed on the products used in mud's formulations. As for ecotoxicological evaluation, two marine organisms, the crustacean Artemia salina and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were selected to determine the LC50 and the EC50 respectively. 相似文献