火炉岭脚-棚坞多金属矿区地球物理特征

火炉岭脚-棚坞多金属矿区开展的电法综合勘探工作和矿区内视极化率、视电阻率异常特征综合分析表明,该异常体为高极化高阻体,并推断出其产状变化和分布范围;同时结合矿区的区域地质情况以及已实施的槽探和钻孔资料,判定出该矿化赋存于岩体接触带内,且呈浸染状矿化。由于推断区内矿化体的产状和岩体接触面产状不一致,且矿化体的产状自东向西变化较大,因此认为该区多金属成矿不仅受到区内接触带蚀变的影响,更主要受到断裂构造的控制。     

内蒙古阿吉勒矿区综合物化探异常一致性及地质意义探讨

在内蒙古阿吉勒矿区,通过面积性剖面测量,X荧光仪测量的Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn多元素峰值异常反映出矿（化）体的出露位置,高密度电法异常反映出矿化分布在构造裂隙及岩体接触带部位,EH4电法异常反映I号矿化蚀变破碎带深部为一近东西向的低阻构造带,北倾,延深上千米。结合钻探结果综合分析后认为,铅锌矿体宏观上受低阻构造带控制,主要赋存在构造带与围岩接触带、构造带中不同深度岩石裂隙以及不同岩性岩石接触面附近,在不同深度分层分段产出。     

辽宁省抚顺棋盘山矿区物化探地质特征及找矿方向浅析

本文论述了辽宁省抚顺棋盘山矿区的地质、物化探及、矿化体特征,指出花岗斑岩体具有良好的分带性,是低阻高极化体且与土壤地球化学异常吻合。分析了Au、Mo矿化体的空间分布规律、原生晕的分带规律以及矿化体与蚀变之间的关系,指出Au矿化体多产于岩体内部的断裂带内,且与硅化、褐铁矿化、黄体矿化关系密切;而Mo矿化体呈矿化带产于岩体的外接触带中,与硅化关系密切;原生晕在轴向上具有Pb-Ag-Zn-Au-Mo-Cu的分带特征。根据矿区的地质、物化探异常以及蚀变,概括了可能的找矿标志,认为物化探异常地段以及岩体接触带应是今后找矿的重点方向。     

新疆坡北基性-超基性岩带1号岩体地质特征及其含矿性研究

坡北1号岩体是幔源基性岩浆以深部分异多次侵入和结晶分异两种方式形成的基性-超基性复式岩体。该岩体属于橄榄辉长岩—橄榄单辉岩—单辉橄榄岩型,规模较大,分异良好,地表发现铜镍硫化物矿化带。与国内已知含矿岩体对比,1号岩体的类型、岩石化学特征、有用组分含量和地表矿化特征都在含铜镍硫化物矿体的变化范围之内。物探测量结果显示深部存在低阻高激化体。因此,1号岩体是坡北岩带中寻找铜镍硫化物矿床远景很好的岩体。     

西藏泽当岩体含铬超镁铁岩体的深部构造特征与找矿前景探讨

在中国最大的铬铁矿罗布莎周边地区有着数目众多的含铬超镁铁岩体;分布广阔,具有很好的找矿前景,选择泽当岩体进行了重、磁、大地电磁法的剖面探测,结果表明:泽当岩体被近南北向断裂切割成多块,其西端岩体向北推移的距离远于东段的岩体,总体上呈北西西向展布;岩体磁异常由蛇纹石化产生的磁铁矿和岩体生成时剩余磁化引起,磁异常指出了岩体浅部的范围;航磁较大范围的异常表明存在较深部的磁性体;重力异常说明岩体局部存在高密度体,且与磁异常相吻合,地表出露的矿点多分布在此范围内;岩体表层为高阻薄层,在剖面中段高阻体厚度最大处达1.5 km,范围不大.在薄高阻体下为薄层低阻层.电阻率剖面两侧以高阻体为主,中段有多个低阻体,且与深部5～25km深度上的低阻体相连,中地壳范围的低阻体与幔源物质上涌在地壳范围留下的熔融体有关,与地壳上部的超镁铁岩体有关.综合各种地球物理场的特征认为在磁异常分布区内具有局部重力异常、低阻体异常较多的地段是泽当岩体最有利于进一步详细探测找矿的部位.     

诸广花岗岩体放射性水异常的某些特征

本文以寻找铀矿为目的,在该岩体140Km~2面积上进行水化学普查,发现水异常370个,其特征为:若异常多且成片出现,则预示着有单个矿体规模不大的矿体群存在;条带状展布的水异常预示着存在方向相同的矿化带;阻水阻气构造带近旁之异常预示水源上方存在矿化;水温偏高之水异常与矿化关系密切;与矿化有关的多为铀—氡混合异常;大构造处之水异常并不表示此构造存在矿化,面往往是在其附近次一级构造中成矿.     

河北省丰宁县二道沟银多金属矿区地球物理特征及找矿方向

笔者利用激电测量和EH4电磁测深两种方法,对河北省丰宁县二道沟银多金属矿区进行了测量,并对该矿区岩石-矿石物性特征、激电异常特征和EH4连续电导率剖面特征等与矿化蚀变带之间的联系进行了探索。结果显示:1)黄铁矿方铅矿化蚀变岩总体表现为相对低阻高极化特性,采用EH4电磁测深和激电法寻找本区隐伏矿体条件良好;2)矿区的激电异常特征与矿(化)体特征吻合较好,激电异常带与矿化带相互对应,与岩石地球化学组合异常相对应,通过激电测深反演,分析极化率、电阻率异常特征,可推测深部隐伏蚀变矿化带;3)本区断裂构造控矿特征明显,利用EH4连续电导率剖面测量较好的反映了本区深部构造特征,特别是断裂构造特征,指示出找矿的有利部位。这表明利用激电测量和EH4电磁测量对该类型矿床的找矿具有良好指导作用。     

新疆哈密图拉尔根全岩矿化岩浆铜-镍-钴矿床地质特征及找矿方向

东天山图拉尔根铜镍矿区受控于康古儿—黄山韧性剪切带北东段的区域性韧性剪切带之次级断裂构造,断裂构造对该矿床的控制作用极为明显。矿区范围内现已发现3个镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体,目前只对一号岩体进行了勘探评价,已探明控制储量达大型规模。文章基于对一号杂岩体的矿床地质特点及其化探和物探特征的总结,试图建立该大型铜镍矿床的找矿评价模式。一号岩体以全岩矿化为特征,可分为4个岩相:角闪橄榄岩相、辉石橄榄岩相、角闪辉石岩相和辉长岩相,赋矿岩石主要为角闪橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩,矿床属于与镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆有关的岩浆熔离贯入型Cu-Ni-Co矿床,具有单期岩浆多次脉动上涌成矿的特征。岩体m/f介于3.1～4.8之间,属于铁质超镁铁岩类,且具有低钛、低碱、低Al2O3特征,含矿岩相具有高硫特征(S>1%)。化探显示图拉尔根地区位于Cu、Ni、Co组合异常区内,Ni异常峰值133×10-6,Cu异常峰值83×10-6。成矿元素Ni、Co、Cu在角闪橄榄岩、辉石岩中呈现富集趋势。物探显示岩体具有三高一低的地球物理异常特征。矿区位于区域性的重力高值异常区内,在高重力背景下,含矿岩体表现出明显的低阻、高极化及高磁异常特征。作者指出沿强变形带中间的中部弱韧性变形带追索含矿岩体,将对扩大找矿范围具有实际意义;岩体南西部可能为含矿岩浆上升就位的主要中心,这里角闪橄榄岩相也十分发育,应为矿化富集的有利地段。     

内蒙古呼扎盖吐钼矿床物化探异常特征及找矿效果

呼扎盖吐钼矿床是验证物化探异常而发现的一座斑岩型矿床,矿体主要赋存在燕山早期细粒花岗岩与中奥陶统汉乌拉组流纹岩内接触带附近。矿区内物化探异常围绕花岗岩岩体分布,套合良好,层次结构清晰,中心部位为正值高磁区,向外依次为负值低磁区及土壤异常、正值低磁区及激电异常、负值正常磁场。物化探异常对岩体及矿体有良好的指示作用,磁异常反映了含矿花岗岩岩体及矿化蚀变分布范围,土壤异常反映了钼矿体赋存部位,激电异常反映了岩体接触带附近钼矿体及强黄铁矿化流纹岩的分布地段。槽探和钻探验证物化探异常已圈出3处钼矿化带,发现5条钼矿体及3条钼矿化体。获得的钼资源量已达中型,矿床具有大型成矿远景。     

大兴安岭北段南木地区斑岩型铜矿地质特征与成矿预测

南木火山盆地位于大兴安岭中北段的林西-扎兰屯多金属成矿带中,是华北板块北部大陆边缘与西伯利亚板块东南陆缘增生带的交汇部位. 侵入岩以岩株、岩脉出露为特征,岩性以花岗斑岩、石英斑岩为主. 蚀变类型主要有绢云母化、褐铁矿化、硅化和绿泥石化,构成多条蚀变带. 在1:5万矿产调查评价工作基础上,采用激电中梯与激电测深两种方法进行金属矿产勘查. 研究发现低阻、高极化异常带与地表岩脉矿化部位及土壤地球化学异常吻合良好. 研究区圈定激电异常4处,测深穿过JD2高极化、中低阻层,推测地下存在含铜石英斑岩体. 综合地质、化探及物探特征,南木地区斑岩体、孔雀石化和激电异常均有存在,具有一定的深部找矿前景.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

On the Validity of the Boussinesq Approximation for the Elder Problem

The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

Mine-water chemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly

 Contaminative mine drainage waters have become one of the major hydrogeological and geochemical problems arising from mankind's intrusion into the geosphere. Mine drainage waters in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom are of three main types: (1) saline formation waters; (2) acidic, heavy-metal-containing, sulphate waters derived from pyrite oxidation, and (3) alkaline, hydrogen-sulphide-containing, heavy-metal-poor waters resulting from buffering reactions and/or sulphate reduction. Mine waters are not merely to be perceived as problems, they can be regarded as industrial or drinking water sources and have been used for sewage treatment, tanning and industrial metals extraction. Mine-water problems may be addressed by isolating the contaminant source, by suppressing the reactions releasing contaminants, or by active or passive water treatment. Innovative treatment techniques such as galvanic suppression, application of bactericides, neutralising or reducing agents (pulverised fly ash-based grouts, cattle manure, whey, brewers' yeast) require further research. Received: 13 August 1996 · Accepted: 3 January 1997