河南省西甜瓜产业现状及发展对策

通过对河南省西甜瓜产业现状的调查,分析了河南省西甜瓜生产销售存在的问题,并针对性提出了加大西甜瓜新品种的选育和推广力度,形成专业合作组织,打造西甜瓜品牌等一系列发展措施。     

牡丹江市西甜瓜压砂栽培技术探讨

本文根据西部地区压砂栽培技术和经验,结合牡丹江市西甜瓜生产现状,提出了牡丹江市西甜瓜压砂栽培技术应用探讨,这是生产上的一项新技术措施,这项技术的应用不仅可提高西甜瓜耐低温、耐弱光、抗病害的能力,而且可提高西甜瓜的品质和产量,这将是北方地区西甜瓜生产技术的一大进步。     

南京市浦口区西甜瓜产业发展现状及对策建议

江苏作为全国西甜瓜种植的优势区域之一,对全国西甜瓜产业的发展有着重要作用。江苏南京的浦口区种植西甜瓜已有几十年的历史,江苏省现代农业(西甜瓜)产业技术体系浦口示范推广基地调研了浦口区2021年度西甜瓜产业发展现状,针对目前面临的产业发展风险加大、生产水平参差不齐、基地基础设施较差和连作障碍发生明显等问题提出了一系列对策,以推动当地西甜瓜产业的发展。     

国家西甜瓜产业技术体系启动大会召开

<正>由农业部科教司和国家西甜瓜产业技术体系建设办公室主办,新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心和华中农业大学园艺林学学院承办,西甜瓜产业技术体系武汉综合试验站等单位协办的国家西甜瓜产业技术体系启动大会于2009年2月21-23日在湖北武汉华中农业大学举行。西甜瓜产业体系是我国国家现代农业产业体系内50个项目之一,它的成立对我国西甜瓜产业的发展带动、农业增效、农民增收具有极其重要的意义。国家西甜瓜产业技术研发中心的依托单位是新疆农业科学院,有育种、栽培、植保和综合等4个功能研究室,20个岗位科学院,19个综合试验站。     

中国西甜瓜生产区域化演变分析 ———基于29 个省区的实证研究

在分析我国西甜瓜生产区域化的演变历程、机制和存在问题的基础上,运用规模优势指数、效率优势指数和综合优势指数实证研究了中国29 个省区从1996～2010 年西甜瓜生产的综合比较优势,认为应在继续发展原有的西甜瓜四大产区基础上,注重东北产区的生产,并提出了我国西甜瓜产业发展的政策建议。     

第四届全国西甜瓜之乡产业联盟大会预备通知

<正>为更好发挥西甜瓜之乡作为西甜瓜产业技术的主要展示地的作用,国家西甜瓜体系产业技术研发中心于2017年在山东省莘县举办"第四届全国西甜瓜之乡产业联盟大会"。欢迎全国从事西甜瓜研究与推广、市场营销的人员,共同研讨与交流我国西甜瓜优势产区的产业发展经验,并结合现场集中展示体系新品种、新技术等成果。本次会议由国家西甜瓜体系产业技术研发中心主办,     

紧跟全国西甜瓜发展形势,加快发展我省甜蜜的事业

<正>2005年～2008年笔者有幸被邀请参加了首届中国西瓜甜瓜论坛暨全国第10～11次无籽西瓜科研与生产协作会议,在了解了全国的西甜瓜发展新形势下,面对我省西甜瓜发展现状,看到了差距,作为全国的西甜瓜生产大省,结合我省西甜瓜生产情况,浅谈一下我省西甜瓜发展的对策,与大家共商之。1全国西甜瓜现状分析     

设施西甜瓜连作障碍综合防控技术

正设施西甜瓜连作障碍综合防控技术集成高温闷棚、使用生物菌剂、合理使用土壤调理剂、嫁接栽培和轮作换茬等方法,改善了土壤的生态环境,有效降低了土传病害的发生率,减少了农药施用量,提高了肥料利用率和西甜瓜产量、品质。随着西甜瓜产业规模化、设施化和专业化发展,设施西甜瓜连作障碍问题日趋严重,已成为制约我国西甜瓜产业绿色可持续发展的重要因素。设     

山东省西甜瓜生产现状及新技术应用

<正>山东省是西甜瓜生产大省,近年来通过组装配套优良品种、早春多层覆盖、土壤消毒、嫁接育苗、植株调整、果实套袋等十多项技术,使西甜瓜产量和质量水平不断提高。山东省是西甜瓜生产大省,播种面积和总产量在全国名列前茅。西甜瓜上市早,产量高,效益好,在农村种植业结构调整和增加农民收入中发挥了重要作用。笔者根据近年来在承担国家西甜瓜试验站工作中调查研究的结果,总结分析山东省西甜瓜生产现状和新技术应用情况。     

中国西甜瓜生产区域化演变分析——基于29个省区的实证研究

在分析我国西甜瓜生产区域化的演变历程、机制和存在问题的基础上,运用规模优势指数、效率优势指数和综合优势指数实证研究了中国29个省区从1996-2010年西甜瓜生产的综合比较优势,认为应在继续发展原有的西甜瓜四大产区基础上,注重东北产区的生产,并提出了我国西甜瓜产业发展的政策建议。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量