云南景东县乙型脑炎流行状况调查

目的调查云南省景东县流行性乙型脑炎的流行现状。方法媒介蚊虫调查采用诱蚊灯通宵捕蚊方法,蚊虫乙脑病毒检测采取RT-PCR方法,健康人群血清乙脑病毒抗体检测采用ELISA。结果共采集到蚊虫4属15种6653只,其中三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊属于当地的优势种群,分别占总捕获蚊数的82.07%和10.46%。RT-PCR检测三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊共16批1310只,各有1株感染乙脑病毒;ELISA检测当地健康人群血清乙脑病毒抗体阳性率为72.96%,不同年龄组人群乙脑病毒抗体水平差异有统计学意义(χ2=51.589,P0.01)。结论云南景东县蚊虫种类较多,三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊有传播乙型脑炎的作用。     

云南省通海县蚊虫2株乙型脑炎病毒的分离鉴定

目的了解云南省通海县蚊虫携带的乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)情况、分子特征及基因分型。方法 2015年7月在云南省玉溪市通海县采用诱蚊灯在调查点通宵捕捉蚊虫,蚊虫研磨后分别接种BHK-21和C6/36细胞进行病毒分离,使用黄病毒属特异引物进行初步鉴定,使用乙型脑炎病毒E基因特异引物进行RT-PCR扩增及测序,使用Megalign、Genedoc、Mega7等软件进行序列分析。结果共捕获三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、致倦库蚊和骚扰阿蚊2 300只,其中三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种(78%)。分46批进行病毒分离,获得2株阳性分离物,接种BHK-21细胞96 h,引起细胞病变。使用黄病毒属特异引物和乙型脑炎病毒E基因特异引物扩增均为阳性。序列分析结果显示,2株新分离乙型脑炎病毒与疫苗株SA14-14-2在E基因存在12个氨基酸差异位点,在8个与乙脑病毒毒力相关的位点上存在6个差异位点。E基因遗传进化分析显示,2株新分离病毒与基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒位于同一进化分支,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为91.8%～99.1%和98.0%～100%。遗传进化分析显示,其与云南2016年蚊虫中分离的乙脑病毒株JEV/mosq/YN/2016亲缘关系较近,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99.1%和99.8%。结论云南省通海县分离的2株病毒鉴定为基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒,其与云南省近年来流行的毒株遗传进化关系较近。2毒株的E基因上与毒力相关的关键位点中有2个位点发生突变,结构域Ⅲ的关键抗原未发生改变,因此SA14-14-2减毒疫苗株仍可用于该地区人群的免疫接种,以预防乙型脑炎的发生和流行。     

云南省通海县蚊虫2株乙型脑炎病毒的分离鉴定北大核心CSCD

目的了解云南省通海县蚊虫携带的乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)情况、分子特征及基因分型。方法2015年7月在云南省玉溪市通海县采用诱蚊灯在调查点通宵捕捉蚊虫,蚊虫研磨后分别接种BHK-21和C6/36细胞进行病毒分离,使用黄病毒属特异引物进行初步鉴定,使用乙型脑炎病毒E基因特异引物进行RT-PCR扩增及测序,使用Megalign、Genedoc、Mega7等软件进行序列分析。结果共捕获三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、致倦库蚊和骚扰阿蚊2300只,其中三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种(78%)。分46批进行病毒分离,获得2株阳性分离物,接种BHK-21细胞96h,引起细胞病变。使用黄病毒属特异引物和乙型脑炎病毒E基因特异引物扩增均为阳性。序列分析结果显示,2株新分离乙型脑炎病毒与疫苗株SA14-14-2在E基因存在12个氨基酸差异位点,在8个与乙脑病毒毒力相关的位点上存在6个差异位点。E基因遗传进化分析显示,2株新分离病毒与基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒位于同一进化分支,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为91.8%~99.1%和98.0%~100%。遗传进化分析显示,其与云南2016年蚊虫中分离的乙脑病毒株JEV/mosq/YN/2016亲缘关系较近,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99.1%和99.8%。结论云南省通海县分离的2株病毒鉴定为基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒,其与云南省近年来流行的毒株遗传进化关系较近。2毒株的E基因上与毒力相关的关键位点中有2个位点发生突变,结构域Ⅲ的关键抗原未发生改变,因此SA14-14-2减毒疫苗株仍可用于该地区人群的免疫接种,以预防乙型脑炎的发生和流行。     

老挝波乔会晒县和敦蓬县居民区蚊虫种类调查

目的调查老挝波乔省会晒县和敦蓬县居民区成蚊种类组成,为制定当地媒介控制措施提供依据。方法采用诱蚊灯通宵捕蚊法和电动捕蚊器法采集成蚊,采用形态学方法鉴定蚊虫种类。结果共捕获蚊虫3亚科7属38种13 537只,乙型脑炎媒介三带喙库蚊和棕头库蚊属于当地优势蚊种,分别占捕获总数的75.57%(10 230/13 537)和13.61%(1 843/13 537);疟疾媒介中华按蚊和登革热媒介白纹伊蚊分别占捕获总数的0.57%(77/13 537)和0.94%(127/13 537)。结论老挝波乔省会晒县和敦蓬县蚊虫种类丰富,乙型脑炎媒介三带喙库蚊、疟疾媒介中华按蚊和登革热媒介白纹伊蚊广泛存在,提示当地存在乙型脑炎、登革热、疟疾等重要虫媒传染病流行的风险,当地应加强对上述媒介蚊虫的监测。     

甘肃省庆阳市媒介蚊虫类携带病毒调查

目的了解甘肃省庆阳市区域媒介蚊虫类分布特点及携带病毒情况,为防控虫媒病毒相关疾病提供科学依据。方法采用电子诱蚊灯、捕虫网诱捕,并进行分类;用细胞培养法分离病毒,用血清学分子生物学方法进行病毒鉴定。结果2012年捕获蚊虫5种,4238只,其中淡色库蚊2459只,占58．0％;中华按蚊794只,占18．73％;三带喙库蚊652只,占15．38％;刺扰伊蚊215只,占5．08％;济南按蚊118只,占2．8％;捕获的三带喙库蚊中分离出1株盖塔病毒,淡色库蚊检出6株库蚊黄病毒。结论淡色库蚊是庆阳市区域的优势蚊种,蚊虫携带黄病毒和盖塔病毒等虫媒病毒,应加大对该地区蚊虫及虫媒病毒的监测、调查、研究及防治工作。     

盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区蚊虫密度调查与分析

目的 调查江苏省射阳县新洋港滩涂湿地盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区内外蚊虫密度及蚊种组成。 方法 2004年5～10月每两周用紫外诱蚊灯采集蚊虫1次, 鉴定蚊种、 统计数量， 记录气温、 湿度和降雨量等。 结果 自然保护区捕获蚊虫37 618只, 其中中华按蚊22 814只(占60.6%), 淡色库蚊13 970 只(占37.1%), 三带喙库蚊834 只 (占2.2%)。居民区捕获蚊虫3 294只, 其中淡色库蚊2 508只(占76.1%), 中华按蚊668只 (占20.3%), 三带喙库蚊114只 (占3.5%), 骚扰阿蚊4 只 (占0.12%)。自然保护区蚊虫总量占总采集量的92% (37 618/40 912), 居民区采集蚊虫总量占8.0% (3 294/40 912)。保护区优势蚊种为中华按蚊, 居民区为淡色库蚊。 保护区7月中、 下旬和9月中旬为蚊虫密度高峰, 蚊虫密度与气温变化呈正相关 (r=0.765, P=0.005)。 结论 滩涂湿地是中华按蚊和淡色库蚊的适宜孳生地, 7月中下旬和9月中旬为蚊虫密度高峰期。应当重视蚊媒对有关重要病原传播潜能的监测研究。     

云南省洱源县乙型脑炎流行病学监测

本文作者于１９８６年５月－１９８８年２月对云南省乙脑高发行区洱源县右所镇的蚊类种群组成，季节消长，成蚊自然毒率；媒蚊密度与乙脑流行关系，猪群感染乙脑动态与人群发病的关系；乙脑流行前后人群免疫水平；乙脑病毒的分离与鉴定等项目进行了系统监测研究。结果表明：中华按蚊，纹库蚊是该地区优势蚊种，１－１１月可见蚊虫活动。从人房及畜厩捕获的中华按蚊，三带喙库蚊及麻翅库蚊中分离到乙脑病毒８株。证明中华按蚊及三带喙     

基于核糖体 DNA 第二内转录间隔区基因的 9 种蚊虫分子鉴定

目的 分析常见 9 种蚊虫核糖体 DNA 第二内转录间隔区( rDNA-ITS2 )基因序列特征,为蚊虫种类分 子鉴定方法探讨提供依据。 方法 在山东省济宁市采集淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、二带喙库蚊、白纹伊蚊、刺扰伊蚊、中 华按蚊、骚扰阿蚊、常型曼蚊和黄色柯蚊成蚊,形态学种类鉴定后,提取上述 9 种蚊虫 DNA,PCR 扩增 rDNA-ITS2 基 因并测序;在 GenBank 中进行同源性比对,采用 Bioedit 7. 0 软件及 DNAMAN 软件对测序结果进行比对分析,通过 DNASTAR、ClustalX 1. 81 和 Mega6 软件分析列特征并构建系统进化树探讨系统发生关系。 结果 9 种蚊虫的 rDNA- ITS2 长度在 343 bp 与 577 bp 之间,共有 59 个保守位点、449 个变异位点、235 个简约信息位点和 191 个单态位点,9 种蚊虫种间序列同源性为 28. 21% ~ 53. 76%;所有蚊虫的 rDNA-ITS2 基因分子鉴定与形态学鉴定吻合率 100%,库 蚊属的淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊和二带喙库蚊聚成一类,伊纹属的白纹伊蚊和刺扰伊蚊聚成一类,不同种蚊虫为独立 分支。 结论 核糖体 DNA 第二内转录间隔( rDNA-ITS2 )基因可用于蚊虫属和种的鉴定。     

云南首次分离到辛德毕斯(Sindbis)、巴泰(Batai)和Colti病毒

目的了解云南省虫媒病毒分布情况,为防治提供依据。方法在云南省思茅地区和西双版纳州采集蚊虫以及发热病人血清,液氮冻存。标本常规处理,接种C6/36细胞和乳鼠以分离病毒,并用血清学和分子生物学方法对分离到的病毒进行鉴定。同时采集发热病人和健康人血清,用ELISA和血凝抑制试验检测病毒抗体。结果从西双版纳发热病人血清中分离到1株辛德毕斯(Sindbis)病毒,从澜沧县菲律宾按蚊中分离到1株巴泰(Batai)病毒,从思茅市翠云区和澜沧县三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、菲律宾按蚊、迷走按蚊等蚊虫中分离到10株Colti病毒。血清抗体检查,西双版纳发热病人血清中辛德毕斯病毒抗体阳性率为2.50%(3/120),巴泰病毒抗体阳性率为4.17%(5/120);思茅和西双版纳地区健康人血清中辛德毕斯病毒抗体阳性率为1.93%(11/571),其中澜沧、思茅、景洪、勐腊和勐海的阳性率依次为4.55%(6/132)、0.89%(1/112)、1.25%(2/160)、1.96%(2/102)和0.00%(0/65);西双版纳发热病人和脑炎病人血清中还检测出Colti病毒抗体。结论云南省分布有经蚊虫传播的辛德毕斯、巴泰和Colti病毒,当地人群中也存在该病毒自然感染。今后应加强这3种虫媒病毒病的调查研究和防治工作。     

基于mtDNA?COⅠ基因的山东省蚊种群遗传多样性分析

目的　探讨山东省不同地理株及实验室不同抗性品系淡色库蚊及5种常见蚊种的线粒体DNA细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（mtDNA?COⅠ）基因序列特征,分析其遗传多样性。方法　采用山东省济南、济宁、青岛等地现场采集及实验室选育的淡色库蚊成蚊,以济宁市现场采集的5种蚊（淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、白纹伊蚊、骚扰阿蚊）作为样本,PCR扩增mtDNA?COⅠ基因并测序,分析序列特征并构建系统进化树。结果　PCR特异扩增8个不同地理株及4个实验室抗性品系的淡色库蚊mtDNA?COⅠ区域,获得长度均为528 bp的扩增片段,A+T含量为67.4%,存在两个变异位点。不同地理株淡色库蚊mtDNA?COⅠ基因同源性为99.95%,不同抗性品系淡色库蚊基因序列相同,所有蚊虫COⅠ基因具有高度保守性。5种常见蚊虫的mtDNA?COⅠ基因片段长度均为528 bp,有408个保守位点,120个变异位点,42个简约信息位点,78个单态位点,A+T含量为65.7%～68.0%,同源性分析发现蚊种间基因同源性为86.17%～92.05%,所有蚊虫的COⅠ基因分子鉴定与其形态学相吻合。系统进化关系显示,同种和同属之间呈明显的聚集,但阿蚊属成单独的分支,与其他蚊种亲缘关系较远。结论　线粒体COⅠ作为不同地理株及实验室不同品系淡色库蚊的遗传进化分子标记不够理想,但该基因具有种间和属间特异性,可用于蚊虫属和种的区分。     

Distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses along the China-Myanmar border in Yunnan Province

A total of 54,673 mosquitoes were collected at 11 sites located near the China-Myanmar border in the western part of Yunnan Province during July and August 2007. There were 29 species in 4 genera identified from the collections, including 12 species of Culex, 12 species of Anopheles, 3 species of Aedes, and 2 species of Armigeres. Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (67.9%, 37,119/54,673) and Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann (25.9%, 14,170/54,673) were the most abundant species in this investigation. Virus was isolated using BHK-21 and C6/36 cells from 22 of 510 mosquito pools. Isolates included Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Getah virus (GETV), which were identified by serological and molecular methods. Twenty JEV strains were isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (15 isolates), An. sinensis (3 isolates), and Armigeres subalbatus Coquillett (2 isolates), and 2 GETV strains were isolated from Culex pseudovishnui Colless and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. This study suggests that Ar. subalbatus is a potentially important local vector because of the high JEV infection ratio found in this species. Enzootic JEV transmission persists in this area and therefore, surveillance for human disease caused by JEV and GETV should be conducted in the region.     

2019—2020年哈密市蚊虫种类分布及携带病毒调查

目的　了解新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市蚊虫种类及病毒携带情况,并鉴定该市尖音库蚊所属亚种。方法　分别于2019、2020年7月中旬,在新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市伊州区、伊吾县、巴里坤县采用诱蚊灯法捕捉蚊虫,鉴定所捕获蚊虫种属及尖音库蚊种属。采用逆转录PCR技术检测捕获蚊虫携带黄病毒属、甲病毒属、布尼亚病毒属、流行性乙型脑炎病毒、辽宁病毒、Tahyna病毒、蜱传脑炎病毒及西尼罗病毒情况。结果　在哈密市伊州区、伊吾县、巴里坤县共捕获蚊虫1 496只,分属于3属3种。尖音库蚊为优势蚊种,占所捕获蚊虫总数的65.91%（986只）;其次为里海伊蚊,占30.55%（457只）;阿拉斯加脉毛蚊最少,仅占3.54%（53只）。所捕获尖音库蚊经雄蚊尾器鉴定为尖音库蚊指名亚种。经逆转录PCR法检测,所捕获蚊虫黄病毒属、甲病毒属、布尼亚病毒属、流行性乙型脑炎病毒、辽宁病毒、Tahyna病毒、蜱传脑炎及西尼罗病毒均为阴性。结论　2019—2020年哈密市存在尖音库蚊、里海伊蚊、阿拉斯加脉毛蚊3种蚊虫,以尖音库蚊为优势蚊种;所捕获尖音库蚊均为指名亚种,未发现蚊类携带相关虫媒病毒。     

凶小库蚊应氏亚种在山东省荣成市发现

本文报告作者等于1991年8月在山东省荣成市进行的蚊类初步调查结果。共采集到蚊虫4属8种，其中凶小库蚊应氏亚种（Culex modestus inatomii Kamimura et Wada,1974)和八代按蚊（Anopheles,yatsushiroensis Miyazaki,1951)分别为我国和山东省的新记录。文内对上述两种蚊虫的形态和分类作了简要的讨论。     

Mosquito surveys carried out on Green Island, Orchid Island, and Penghu Island, Taiwan, in 2003

Field surveys of mosquitoes were carried out on Green, Orchid, and Penghu Islands in 2003 to ascertain the status of mosquito vectors. Eighteen species of mosquitoes were collected, including three species of Anopheles, four species of Aedes, eight species of Culex, two species of Armigeres, and one species of Malaya. Seventeen previously recorded species were not collected in this study but 11 species collected had not previously been recorded. Ten newly recorded species, An. maculatus, An. takasagoensis, Ae. alcasidi, Ae. lineatopennis, Ae. vexans vexans, Ar. omissus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. halifaxii, Cx. hayashii, and Cx. neomimulus, were collected on Green Island and one previously unrecorded species, Ar. subalbatus, was collected on Orchid Island. Potential vectors An. maculatus and An. sinensis, malaria vectors in Korea and Mainland China, Ae. albopictus, a vector of dengue in Taiwan and West Nile virus in the USA, Cx. vishnui and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Japanese encephalitis vectors in Taiwan, Ae. vexans vexans, an eastern equine encephalitis vector in the USA, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, a vector of filariasis in Taiwan and West Nile virus in the USA, were among the mosquito species collected.     

Vectors of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV): species complexes of the vectors

The vectors of JEV are Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. gelidus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. pipiens pallens, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. annulirostris, Aedes togoi, Ae. japonicus, Ae. vexans nipponii, Anopheles annularis and An. vagus. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus is in the tritaeniorhynchus complex, breeds in rice fields, ground pools in vast areas. Two types of mating behavior, eurygamy and moderate stenogamy were detected. In the case of the eurygamy type, the mosquitoes were from Southern Thailand and hilly areas near Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Female mosquitoes are usually dark in color, the cibarial armature has rod teeth and the posterior end of the cibarial armature is bowl shaped with a typical rim. The rim of the bowl is everted. The moderate stenogamy type were mosquitoes from the plain areas such as Bangkok, Ayutthaya, Suphan Buri and Saraburi. The posterior end of the cibarial armature is bowl shaped with a stout rim. The larvae were characteristic in their siphon index, antennal index, hair O of prothoracic segment, and comb scale number and arrangement. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus summorosus from Japan, Los Banos and Luzon, Philippines, differed from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in that on the lateral plate of the phallosome tritaeniorhynchus teeth are somewhat weakly developed and only gently curved whereas in tritaeniorhynchus summorosus they are strongly developed, considerably longer, and sharply recurved. The siphons of larvae are short, the sides parallel and the apex truncate in tritaeniorhynchus whereas in tritaeniorhynchus summorosus they are long and slender. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus var. siamensis is possibly present. Colonies have been maintained in the Department of Medical Entomology for 31 generations. The characteristics are in hair O (short, less than 20 branches, and without secondary branching and the larval siphon (short and broad where the others are long). Cx. vishnui and Cx. pseudovishnui are in the vishnui complex. Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens pallens are in the Cx. pipiens complex comprising: (1) Cx. pipiens; (2) Cx. quinquefasciatus Say; (3) Cx. molestus Forskal; (4) Cx. pipiens pallens; (5) Cx. australicus; (6) Cx. globocoxitus. Anopheles annularis is a species complex evidenced by two types of polytene chromosomes.     

Vector competence of five common mosquito species in the People's Republic of China for Western equine encephalitis virus

Two strains of the Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) were first detected and isolated in China in 2001. The maintenance and transmission cycles of WEEV in China are currently not well understood, and the mosquito vectors involved in these cycles are unknown. To understand the ability of the local mosquitoes in China to transmit WEEV, the vector competence of five mosquito species, namely, Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus Say, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse, Ae. (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus, and C. tritaeniorhynchus Giles, for WEEV were evaluated. Infection rates for Cx. p. pallens, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Ae. Albopictus, and Ae. aegypti were 46%, 60%, 80%, 37%, and 25%, respectively. Dissemination rates for the same species were 60%, 61%, 75%, 55%, and 50%, respectively. Transmission rates were 41%, 53%, 57%, and 45% for Cx. p. pallens, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, Ae. Albopictus, and Ae. Aegypti, respectively. Infection rates were significantly different between species, but the difference between dissemination and transmission rates were nonsignificant. These results suggest that several local mosquito species in China are competent laboratory vectors for WEEV.     

南京市2013年蚊虫密度、种群及季节消长情况分析

目的了解南京市2013年蚊虫密度、种群及季节消长情况。方法按照《全国病媒生物监测方案（试行）》要求,采用诱蚊灯法在南京市开展蚊虫监测。结果 2013年南京市共捕蚊3 268只,蚊密度为0.57只/（h·灯）,捕获的蚊虫隶属2亚科4属5种,优势蚊种为淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊,分别约占58.05%和17.59%,季节消长呈7月和10月双高峰曲线。结论南京市蚊虫具有种群多样性,淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种,每年7月和10月为密度高峰季节,可供当地蚊虫防制措施的指定提供参考。同时要关注蚊虫孳生地情况及气象因素对蚊虫密度的影响。