我国农业灌溉水费管理的初步研究

指出我国灌区普遍存在工程老化、效益递减、灌区管理单位经费短缺、发展困难等现象。灌区的主要经费来源是灌溉水费，而水费计收标准低、收缴困难、中间环节多、难以到位。灌溉水费管理中存在的这些问题，使得灌区工程的维修、改造与更新不能得到保证。分要认为：灌溉水费管理改革，应围绕提高水费收缴率和使用效率、保证专款专用而展开，不仅要采用科学的、符合商品经济规律的水费计收标准，而且在水费收交的过程中应减少中间环节，杜绝截留、挪用。此外，实施国家对农业水费的补贴政策，加大政府对农田水利基本建设的投入力度，建立与完善灌溉水费管理的法规规章与制度，也是加强水费管理的必要措施。     

新疆三工河流域灌区实行节水灌溉水费标准分析

利用工程实际资料，对井渠结合灌区的供水成本及水费标准进行分析讨论，提出现阶段水费计收标准以及加强灌区灌溉管理、降低供水成本、提高灌溉效益的初步建议，并为灌区作物结构优化设计提供依据。     

大型灌区供水收费经纪人制度探讨——以高邮灌区为例

水费是大型灌区灌溉工程维修养护经费的主要来源,是灌区可持续发展的保障,然而我国大型灌区水费实收率下降、水费收入锐减,水费征收方式存在问题.以高邮灌区为例,研究分析了灌区供水收费经纪人制度.结果表明,灌区供水收费经纪人制度有利于提高水费实收率,保证灌区正常的维修和养护,为我国大型灌区水费征收提供了新的思路.     

湖北省大型灌区续建配套与节水改

针对湖北省大型灌区续建配套与节水改造项目建设管理工作存在的问题，提出建设管理信息化系统的整体架构，分析了系统的功能需求，研究了基于.NET平台下以B/S模式为基础的，运用ASP.NET、SQL等手段开发程序和数据库的技术要点，实现了数据信息的高效管理和共享，可作为水利信息化建设的参考，具有一定的实际意义。     

我国灌区用水管理信息化软件系统研发现状

介绍了我国灌区信息化建设发展进程,总结了目前我国水利信息化应用软件开发和数据库建设取得的成绩,指出了目前我国在该领域存在的问题,提出了当前在灌区用水管理信息化建设方面的应包括的主要内容.     

农村税费改革对灌区水利的影响

农村税费改革是党中央为加强农业基础地位，减轻农民负担，保护和调动农民积极性而作出的一项重大决策，对灌区农村水利有着明显的影响。结合近年来灌区的实践情况，从对农业水价及水费计收方式的影响、对灌区管理体制的影响、对灌区末级渠系建设管理维护的影响以及对灌区可持续发展的影响等多方面进行了分析。     

三联灌区自动化控制技术研究与应用

三联灌区灌溉自动化控制系统，融现代4C技术(计算机、通讯、控制、CLT)于一体，具有自动控制、数据检测和处理、水费智能管理、实时监测等多种功能，大大提高了灌区管理水平。该系统经过两年多的运行，使用情况良好，受到用户的好评。     

铜山源水库灌区农业用水补偿机制研究

根据《水利工程供水价格管理办法》等国家有关政策,以灌区实际供水成本资料为依据,剖析归集灌区供水生产过程中发生项成本和费用;按照补偿成本、公平负担的原则,科学测定灌区工程农业供水成本价格,合理测算灌溉用水终端水价;并根据灌区主要农作物成本收益资料,采用灌溉水费承受指数分析方法,客观分析农民水费经济承受力。在此基础上,提出铜山源水库灌区灌溉水费补偿机制,以期为浙江稳步实行农业终端水价改革提供参考。     

淮阴市国有灌区水价改革情况调查

淮阴市国有灌区水价改革情况调查根据水利部、省水利厅关于开展国有灌区水价改革情况调查的通知精神与要求，我们组织各县（市、区）水利局对其所属灌区农业水费价格改革、计收和管理情况进行了认真、细致的调查。１国有灌区的建设，对改善农业生产条件，扩大高产稳产的粮...     

湖北省大型灌区续建配套与节水改造建设管理信息化系统的研究

针对湖北省大型灌区续建配套与节水改造项目建设管理工作存在的问题,提出建设管理信息化系统的整体架构,分析了系统的功能需求,研究了基于NET平台下以B/S模式为基础的,运用ASP、NET、SQL等手段开发程序和数据库的技术要点,实现了数据信息的高效管理和共享,可作为水利信息化建设的参考,具有一定的实际意义。     

Computerized database for optimal management of community irrigation systems in Thailand

Appropriate information is a pre-requisite for improving the management of irrigation systems. An effort was made to establish the information system required in management of an irrigation unit at the tertiary level (Ban-Rom Water Users' Association, Thailand). A computerized database was developed for use on a microcomputer using the combination of a commercial database management system and a linear programming optimizer. This information system was simple to operate through the use of menu-driven procedures.This database system can replace the previous manual system for data recording and retrieval of information related to the management of agricultural organizations and related irrigation aspects. The optimal solution for cropping pattern and water allocation obtained from the system can be used as a guideline in pre-season planning for irrigation delivery and crop selection.     

河套灌区农业用水信息化发展及对策——以巴彦淖尔市磴口县灌溉示范区为例

提高农业用水信息化发展水平是提高水资源利用效率和效益,实现水资源优化配置的重要途径。以内蒙古巴彦淖尔市磴口县灌溉示范区为例,在分析该地区农业用水信息化发展现状的基础上,探讨了灌区农业用水信息化发展存在的问题,从基础设施建设、基础数据的获取能力、信息传输及网络结构的构建、自动化控制设备布置、信息化运行与管理等方面提出相应的对策与建议,为河套灌区农业用水信息化的发展提供决策依据。     

A database program for enhancing irrigation district management in the Ebro Valley (Spain)

In the last decade irrigation districts in the Ebro Valley of Spain have started to use database applications to enhance their management operations. Such applications often put more emphasis on administrative issues than on water management issues. A new irrigation district management software called “Ador” is presented in this paper. This database application has been designed to overcome limitations identified in an analysis of the software used in the study area. Ador can be used in irrigation districts independently of the type of irrigation system (surface, sprinkler or trickle) and the type of irrigation distribution network (open channel or pressurised). It can even be used in irrigation districts combining different types of irrigation systems and different types of irrigation distribution networks. The software can be used with minimum district information. The goals are to manage detailed information about district water management and to promote better on-farm irrigation practices. Ador is currently used to enhance management of 62 irrigation districts accounting for some 173,000 hectares in the Ebro Valley.     

基于非充分灌溉原理的灌区水资源优化配置模型及决策软件研究

根据非充分灌溉理论,按大系统分解协调原理,建立了以总效益最大为目标的灌区灌溉水资源递阶控制优化模型,对灌区多水源进行优化配水研究。在理论研究基础上,还对灌区水资源的优化利用引入决策支持系统知识,研制"大型灌区水资源决策支持系统"软件。经实际运行,该程序具有友好的图形界面,较强的计算功能和数据库的管理功能,可为水资源优化配置和水资源管理研究作参考。     

基于ODBC技术的庭院可视化远程灌溉系统设计

水是制约可持续发展最重要的因素,而家庭灌溉将很快成为城市的用水大户,如何从硬件技术上实现节约有限的水资源关系到眼前以及未来的发展。为了解决城市用户需水量不断增加和水资源相对匮乏的现状,提供了一种可视化精确灌溉系统,该系统以MySQL数据库为中间媒介,利用Internet作为信息远程传输载体,通过一些特别的对象集合如ODBC来进行数据库连接,利用高级程序语言VB.NET实现数据库的调用。该系统经过长期调试,能够较好地完成灌区的管理,实现节水灌溉。     

开发基于MapX的灌溉信息空间数据库的技术实践

利用GIS工具管理灌溉用水是实现农业高效用水的重要措施之一。精确、充足的空间数据是支撑GIS的基础。以开发陕西省冯家山灌区灌溉信息空间数据库为例介绍了基于MapX组件的空间数据库的建立与关联技术，并对在灌溉管理工作中运用GIS技术进行了有益的探讨。     

GIS user-interface based irrigation delivery performance assessment: a case study for Tanjung Karang rice irrigation scheme in Malaysia

Various indicators are used for evaluating the performance of different aspects of an irrigation system, and assessments also differ in terms of the types of performance indicators used. This paper describes a GIS-based assessment system which utilizes a new concept and evaluated the inadequacy of a widely used Relative Water Supply (RWS) concept to characterize the irrigation delivery performance for a rice irrigation system as the season advances. Development of this GIS-based assessment system resulted in the creation of new indicators, viz., the Rice Relative Water Supply (RRWS), Cumulative Rice Relative Water Supply (CRRWS) and Ponding Water Index (PWI). These indicators were determined from field tests and evaluated in a Malaysian Tanjung Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme (TAKRIS). The RWS concept was found to be inaccurate for characterizing the oversupply condition on irrigation deliveries for rice irrigation; and difficult to correctly quantify the oversupply condition for irrigation supplies. Besides, it was found that the RRWS indicator can distinctly characterize the oversupply condition for RRWS > 1.0 and undersupply condition for RRWS < 1.0 on irrigation delivery for any given period. A value of 1.0 for RRWS indicates an irrigation delivery that matches perfectly the actual field water demand. This study presents a cumulative RRWS plot that provides important information on irrigation supplies for any given time interval for management decisions. An increasing slope in the actual CRRWS curve with CRRWS = 1.0, means that irrigation supply can be slightly curtailed in the next period. On the other hand, if the slope is negative, supply has to be increased. If a computed CRRWS line follows the CRRWS = 1.0 line, it means that irrigation deliveries are perfectly matched with the field water demand. A graphical user-interface was developed for structuring the assessment tool within an ArcGIS platform. The system can instantly provide information on the uniformity of water distribution and the shortfall or excess, and provides vital information in terms of decisions that need to be made for the next period. The system helps to maintain continuous updating of input and output databases on real field conditions. Results are displayed on the computer screen together with color-coded maps, graphs and tables in a comprehensible form. The system is likely to be adopted for evaluating various water allocation scenarios and water management options. It can also be used as an analytical and operational tool for irrigation managers.     

新农村视角下农民参与式小型水利

用水户参与式灌溉管理是我国近年来在总结本国管理体制基础上结合国际管理经验提出的一项重大改革。新时期倡导“坚持以人为本，构建和谐社会”的社会主义“新农村”建设与发展过程中，国家高度重视农村基础设施的建设发展特别是农村水利设施，那么农村小型水利工程参与式管理体制目前状况如何、今后如何围绕“新农村”发展将是新时期农村水利管理体制发展所面临和需要解决的。     

内陆干旱灌区灌溉调度决策系统研究

为了实现灌区科学管水、合理配水及优化调水，根据新疆玛纳斯河流域灌区的实际特点，开发了内陆干旱灌区灌溉实时优化调度决策支持系统。介绍了该系统的主要功能、组成、结构、主要特点、系统数据源与数据库设计。该系统以Windows简体中文版为操作系统，利用Power Builder、Visual Basic 6．0软件开发工具设计标准化数据库接口及应用程序界面。