微合金元素Nb对低碳铸钢强度和冲击韧性的影响

采用中频炉冶炼制备不同Nb含量的微合金低碳铸钢,用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、液压万能强度试验机、半自动冲击试验机等手段研究了Nb微合金化对低碳铸钢显微组织、强度和冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,添加合适的微合金元素Nb可以使低碳铸钢的晶粒尺寸减小20.8%~34.6%,同时促进细小NbC析出相的形成,能有效提高低碳铸钢的强度和冲击韧性,晶粒细化和析出强化为其主要的强韧化机制。其中,含Nb量为0.044%的微合金铸钢屈服强度为350 MPa,抗拉强度为520 MPa,室温冲击功为119.7J。与普通低碳铸钢相比,其塑性基本保持不变,但屈服强度、抗拉强度和室温冲击功分别提高了20.7%、7.2%和25.6%。     

Ti-Mn基储氢合金研究进展

综述了 Ti-Mn基储氢材料的国内外研究现状与进展。详细介绍了已研究开发的二元、三元和多元合金及其储氢性能并讨论了影响储氢性能的主要因素。     

球磨Zr7Ni10合金提高Zr基电极合金的电化学性能

为了提高合金的放电容量和高倍率放电性能，通过球磨Zr7Ni10合金对Zr0．5Ti0．5Mn0．7V0．2Co0．1Ni1．2合金表面进行改性，并研究了不同Zr，Ni10量和球磨时间对合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响。当采用8％（质量分数）Zr，Ni10进行球磨1h后，合金仍保持晶态，在50mAh／g电流条件下经过9次循环达到最大放电容量266mAh／g，比未球磨合金提高了约20％，而且在300mA／g电流条件下仍能保持最大放电容量的85%。随着球磨时间的增加，合金逐渐转为非晶态，合金的放电容量也迅速降低。非晶化合金在800℃进行热处理后大部分重新晶化，经过22次循环达到最大放电容量200mAh／g。     

热处理对Cr17Ni2钢组织和冲击韧性的影响

本文研究了热处理理论对 Cr17Ni2钢组织和冲击韧性的影响,结果表明,将淬火温度提高至1050℃以上,可大大提高冲击韧性。晶界和相界上(Cr、Fe)_(23)C_6碳化物的溶解是冲击韧性增加的主要原因;此外,板条间残留奥氏体薄膜对冲击韧性提高也有贡献。冲击断口的结构可反映断裂特征的组织情况。考虑到室温力学性能,作者建议了合适的热处理工艺,生产中虚用效果良好。     

Nb和Ta合金化对CoCrFeNi高熵合金组织和力学性能的协同作用

采用真空电弧熔炼法制备CoCrFeNi-(Nb,Ta)系列高熵合金,详细研究Nb和Ta合金化对CoCrFeNi基高熵合金组织演变和力学性能的协同效应。Nb/Ta合金化方式影响(CoCrFeNi)₈₈Nb_x Ta₍(12-x))合金的组织组成、共晶相片层间距、Laves相的尺寸形貌、两相体积分数及成分组成。Nb,Ta含量为等原子比时,合金组织组成为FCC+Laves两相共晶组织;Nb,Ta含量为非等原子比的合金则呈现为共晶(FCC+Laves)相和初生Laves相的组织结构,初生Laves相的体积分数和晶粒尺寸随Nb/Ta原子比的增加而单调增加。研究合金的压缩屈服强度与Laves相体积分数正向相关,压缩断裂强度几乎不受组织组成的影响,压缩塑性则与Laves相的体积分数、类型与尺寸分布呈现负相关。计算分析CoCrFeNi-(Nb,Ta)高熵合金的强化机制,探讨合金组织组成对其强度的作用规律。分析表明,细晶强化和Laves相的第二相强化是提升合金屈服强度的主要因素。     

Ti/Mn基Laves相贮氢合金的研究

研究了Ti/Zr比变化对Ti Mn基Laves相贮氢合金贮氢性能的影响,发现随Ti/Zr、Mn/Cr比降低,合金放氢压降低,贮氢量略微增加,平台坡度变陡。     

高性能贮氢电极合金的研究进展

报道了高性能贮氢电极合金的研究进展,主要内容包括AB5型贮氢合金的A侧稀土元素组成、主要杂质元素(Fe,Si,Mg）以及合金制备技术（真空退火处理和快速凝固）对合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响。AB2型Zr基Laves相合金的相结构和相组成与电化学性能的关系,以及若干新型多元Zr基贮氢电极合金的性能。     

精密仪器用耐蚀合金组织与性能的研究

对一种精密仪器用可高精密加工、高尺寸稳定性、无磁、耐腐蚀铸造合金进行了研究,分析了合金元素、热处理工艺对组织及性能的影响.新型合金比不锈钢抗均匀腐蚀性提高6倍,抗点蚀性能提高1.6倍,且无磁性能优于不锈钢,可作为高精密仪器用材料.     

高性能镍基耐蚀合金的特性与研究动向

在概述镍基体的性质和镍基耐蚀材料的成分与工艺设计的基础上,介绍了镍基耐蚀材料的耐蚀特性并与其它材料作了比较,综述了现阶段此类材料的研究与发展动向。     

Ti-Mn基Laves相贮氢合金的研究

采用P-C-T曲线测试和XRD分析研究了Ti/Zr比变化对Ti-Mn基Laves相贮氢合金贮氢性能的影响.实验结果表明,随Ti/Zr比降低,合金放氢压力降低,贮氢量略微增加,平台坡度变陡.同时还研究了Mn/Cr比变化对Ti-Mn基Laves相贮氢合金晶体结构、活化性能以及贮氢性能的影响.着重探讨了Mn/Cr比变化时影响合金平衡压力的2个因素.对(Ti0.85Zr0.15)Mn1.4Cr0.2V0.32Fe0.08(x=-0.025,0,0.05,0.1)系列合金,根据其P-C-T测试和XRD分析结果,讨论了x的变化对合金贮氢量、平衡压力、α区宽度的影响.     

Research and Improvement on structure stability and corrosion resistance of nickel-base superalloy INCONEL alloy 740

INCONEL alloy 740 is a newly developed Ni–Cr–Co–Mo–Nb–Ti–Al superalloy in the application to ultra-supercritical boilers with steam temperatures up to 700 °C. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-chemical phase analyses, and corrosion-resisting test, this paper investigates the structure stability of the alloy at elevated temperature and concentrates on coal ash corrosion performance of the alloy under the simulated coal ash/flue gas condition. Experimental results show that the most important structure instabilities of the alloy during prolonged aging are γ′ coarsening, γ′ to η transformation and G phase formation at grain boundary. The performance of corrosion resistance of the alloy would meet the requirement of ultra-supercritical boiler tubes. The phase computation by means of Thermo-Calc has been adopted in chemical composition modification for structure stability improvement. Two suggested new modified alloys in adjustment of the Al and Ti contents and in control of Si level, and also in maintenance of Cr content of the alloy were designed and melted for experimental investigation. These two modified alloys exhibit more stable microstructure during 760 °C long time aging.     

New chemical treatment for bioactive titanium alloy with high corrosion resistance

It was recently claimed that titanium metal and its alloys can bond to the living bone, without being coated by apatite (VPS coatings), but by being chemically and heat-treated. The bioactivity of treated titanium is of interest because of the opportunity to obtain orthopaedic or dental implants presenting, at the same time, high toughness, strength and fatigue resistance as well as bone-bonding ability. The bioactive behaviour of the treated implants is due to the presence of a modified surface, which, during soaking in body fluid, promotes the precipitation of apatite. The apatite formed is strongly bonded to the substrate and promotes living bone bonding. In this work were characterised samples of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy with surfaces presenting a different chemical and mechanical state. The aim of the research was twofold. The first objective was to characterise chemically and heat-treated samples with different surface topography, in order to define the best conditions for osteogenic integration. The second aim was to assess the corrosion behaviour of the bioactive implants, because they expose a microporous and quite thin modified surface layer. No-treated and passivated samples, with a surface state closed to that nowadays used on implants, were used as reference. The surface structure, morphology, electrochemical behaviour and bioactivity of the different samples were assessed by means of XRD, SEM-EDS, anodic polarizations, open circuit measurements and in-vitro tests. Results evidence that it is possible to modify the surface of the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy in order to obtain the formation of a bioactive layer and that the substrate roughness influences the characteristics of the surface layer formed. It was also evidenced that the as treated surfaces present inadequate corrosion behaviour, so a new two-step chemical treatment has been developed in order to obtain a bioactive material with good corrosion resistance.     

高强度铸造钛合金的耐空蚀性能

采用不同的试验方法对高强度铸造钛合金的耐空蚀性能进行了探讨研究。结果表明，该合金具有优良的耐空蚀性能，是处于空蚀条件下工作的高速旋转件的理想材料。     

A high performance wrought nickel-base superalloy El-929

El-929, a high performance Soviet nickel-base wrought superalloy having the composition, Ni-14Co-10Cr-5W-4Mo-4Al-2Ti-0.5V-0.1C-0.02B (wt %) was prepared by vacuum induction melting and vacuum arc refining. The ingots were homogenized and hammer forged. The microstructural inhomogeneities in the forged product were examined. Tensile and stress-rupture properties, and fracture behaviour were observed to vary between the central and the outer portion of the forged stock.     

Fabrication of high hardness and corrosion resistance coatings from Fe-based alloy powders

Gas atomized Fe₅₀Cr₂₄Mo₂₁Si₂B₃ powders were used to form Fe-based alloy coatings by the air plasma spray method. The coatings exhibited high amorphous nature and extremely low porosity of 0.41% in about 200 µm thickness. The Fe-based coating exhibits an average hardness about 1255 Hv. The Fe-based coatings could be potentially applied as functional surface protective coatings.     

高频脉冲电沉积Ni-Co合金在H2SO4溶液中的耐蚀性

通过测定镀层在15％H2SO4水溶液的阳极极化曲线，研究了高频率的脉冲电流对Ni-Co合金镀层耐腐蚀性的影响。采用XRD分析了合金镀层的微观结构，利用SEM观察了Ni-Co镀层经过15％H2SO4水溶液腐蚀前后的表面形貌结构。结果表明：高频脉冲镀层致密、均匀，呈胞状生长，且在15％H2SO4水溶液中和直流镀层相比有较强的耐腐蚀性。当镀层中钴含量较低时，合金由立方最密堆积结构的固溶体组成。     

检验腐蚀对镍基单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究检验腐蚀对一种镍基单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响,将经过标准热处理的试样置于FeCl 3+HCl+H 2O腐蚀剂中分别腐蚀2次和4次,采用莱卡DCM8共聚焦显微镜和扫描电镜对未腐蚀、2次与4次腐蚀试样的表面形貌进行观察,然后分别测试未腐蚀和4次腐蚀试样760℃与980℃的旋转弯曲疲劳性能。结果表明:未腐蚀试样表面存在纵向且相互平行的由抛光带来的细小抛痕,表面粗糙度低;2次腐蚀后,表面抛痕有所减少,枝晶间区域出现腐蚀坑,表面粗糙度增加;4次腐蚀后,表面抛痕被完全腐蚀掉,腐蚀坑深度和表面粗糙度进一步增加。4次腐蚀会略微降低合金760℃的疲劳性能,但对高应力幅条件下的疲劳寿命影响较大,对低应力幅条件下的疲劳寿命影响较小。4次腐蚀对合金980℃疲劳性能影响很小。     

Toughness testing of ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete

In this paper an investigation is made of the applicability of the ASTM C 1609 procedure for testing toughness of ultra high performance fibre reinforced concretes containing a large amount of fibre (≥2% by volume) and exhibiting deflection hardening behaviour. All mixtures exhibited deflection hardening behaviour, and the parameters varied included (1) the amount of steel fibres, (2) the type of steel fibres, (3) the size of the longest fibre, (4) the addition of polypropylene fibres, and (5) the size of the maximum aggregate grain in the concrete matrix. Based on comparison of the curves obtained from flexural toughness tests with the evaluation of the test results obtained according to ASTM C 1609 and with the statistical analysis, the authors recommended additional toughness parameters (P_100,3.00, P_100,4.00, P_100,6.00, T_100,3.00, T_100,4.00, and T_100,6.00) for the evaluation of toughness results. Such additional toughness parameters are calculated using a similar procedure as that specified in ASTM C 1609.     

Elimination of μ phase and improvement of hot corrosion resistance of a nickel-base superalloy by laserglazing

Laser irradiation of a wrought nickel-base superalloy with high tungsten and molybdenum contents can eliminate acicular μ. phase, which has a tendency to precipitate out in the matrix or beneath the aluminized layer after prolonged exposure to high temperature. It is shown that laserglazing refines the microstructure and homogenizes the composition distribution, markedly improving the hot corrosion resistance.