缓释型固体二氧化氯保鲜剂的制备与应用

通过对吸附剂、钝化剂、吸水剂等助剂的选择和不同配方的筛选,制备出7 种反应型和5 种吸附型固体ClO2 杀菌剂。每种ClO2 杀菌剂均对甜瓜黑斑病菌表现出优异的杀菌和抑菌效果,并且稳定性好。改变助剂配比还可控制ClO2 气体释放速率,克服以往固体ClO2 杀菌剂释放周期短、释放量大、释放速率难以控制等缺点,这有利于加快固体ClO2 保鲜剂在水果保鲜贮藏行业中的应用。     

稳定态二氧化氯杀菌剂在MP芒果上应用研究

以象牙芒为原料,经挑选、去皮、去核、切割后分别用25、50、75×10-6的稳定态ClO2杀菌剂处理,然后分别置于10、15、20℃下贮藏,研究ClO2的杀菌效果以及使用浓度和贮藏温度对其杀菌效果的影响。研究结果表明:ClO2对MP芒果有较显著的杀菌效果;在一定的浓度范围内,随着ClO2杀菌剂浓度增加,杀菌效果随之增强:但随着贮期延长,高浓度的ClO2杀菌的抑菌效果反而下降最快;低温贮藏有助于保持和增强ClO2的杀菌效果;同时,研究发现ClO2还有较好的防褐变效果,并且其防褐变效果随着浓度的增加而增强。     

Eka Purate~ClO_2杀菌剂——造纸系统的清道夫

介绍了依卡化学品公司的一种新的二氧化氯(ClO2)杀菌剂。与传统的杀菌剂相比,ClO2杀菌剂能更好地提高纸机的运行性能,从而提高产量和纸品质量。     

Eka Purate(R) ClO2杀菌剂——造纸系统的清道夫

介绍了依卡化学品公司的一种新的二氧化氯(ClO2)杀菌剂.与传统的杀菌剂相比,ClO2杀菌剂能更好地提高纸机的运行性能,从而提高产量和纸品质量.     

ClO_2杀菌剂在菠菜保鲜中的应用

以菠菜为原料,应用ClO2杀菌剂处理后,于4℃下贮藏。研究了ClO2对微生物、亚硝酸盐、叶绿素、SOD、POD活性的影响。结果表明,ClO2可有效降低菠菜微生物病害的发生,减少亚硝酸盐累积,提高菠菜抗衰老能力,具有很好的保鲜效果。ClO2对菠菜贮藏保鲜的最佳处理浓度为75 mg/L。     

使用洗瓶添加剂清洗毛瓶试验总结

1试验目的 为了验证1#包装线三碱槽技术改造效果，用洗瓶添加剂，组织对毛瓶和新鲜霉斑瓶进行了如下试验。 2试验材料 600mL新鲜毛瓶 某品牌洗瓶添加剂     

淀粉、脂肪、蛋白质和NaCl成分对气态ClO2杀菌效果的影响

分别检测了几种食源性微生物革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌、酵母菌、霉菌孢子以及细菌芽孢,在相对湿度为90%和0.08mg/L气态ClO2氛围下的敏感性。结果表明:通过气态ClO2处理,5种微生物平均减量0.1～3.5lg(CFU/cm2),5种微生物对气态ClO2的抗性均呈逐渐增强。研究了食物中淀粉、脂肪、蛋白质和NaCl对气态ClO2杀菌效果的影响。结果表明:可溶性淀粉和NaCl均对ClO2的杀菌效率没有显著影响;但琼脂中的黄油、玉米油或乳清蛋白几乎消除了ClO2的杀菌作用。气态ClO2处理的玉米油水乳液中,过氧化值显著增加,表明形成了一级氧化产物。同样,用ClO2处理增加乳清蛋白中的羰基含量,并诱导—SH基团转变为—S—S—基团。结果表明,气态的ClO2对于富含碳水化合物的食物将是一种高效的强氧化杀菌剂,但对高蛋白和脂肪类食物的杀菌效果有限。     

浅谈洗瓶机水垢及防治办法

1洗瓶机水垢的形成 洗瓶机用水要加热，还要和洗涤剂及啤酒瓶表面赃物产生反应，易形成碳酸钙等盐类的沉淀物，由于碳酸钙溶水困难，碳酸氢钙在温度升高时也易沉淀，洗瓶过程中，水被反复加热长期使用，难免有难溶的钙盐析出和沉积，从而给设备带来危害，最终影响洗瓶效果。如烧碱（NaOH）与沉淀物和铝箔标（AL）的反应如下：     

影响洗瓶质量的因素

<正>洗瓶的目的是把瓶子内外清洗干净,并加以消毒杀菌。瓶子洗净的质量标准:瓶子看上去被一层水膜完全覆盖,瓶壁上没有水滴,微生物达到灌装要求。影响洗瓶机洗瓶质量的主要因素有碱液温度、碱液浓度(包括洗瓶剂浓度)、清洗机械力、清洗时间,其他因素有泡沫、结垢、瓶源等。1温度(碱液和温水槽的温度控制)温度强烈地影响清洗效果。较高的洗瓶温度能加速污物的溶解和脱离,温度越高,洗瓶效果越好,但超过90℃,不但容易使洗瓶破碎率升高,部分霉斑还会固化在瓶壁上,更加难     

啤酒厂灌装车间水的循环利用

本文举例介绍了啤酒厂灌装车间水的循环利用。把纯生线洗瓶机漂洗池的溢流水和易拉罐的冲罐水收集起来,回用于预洗瓶线的洗瓶机末端喷淋清洗,这样既保证预洗瓶的质量,又使水得到了循环利用,大大节约了预洗瓶线的用水量,降低了生产成本。     

Effects of aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment on nutritional components and shelf-life of mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.)

Effects of aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) treatment on nutritional components and shelf-life of mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) were investigated. Mulberry fruit were immersed into 20, 60, and 80 mg/l ClO(2) solutions for 5, 10, and 15 min, respectively. Mulberries were then rinsed with potable tap water for 1 min and stored at -1°C for 14 d. ClO(2) treatment was effective in retention of flavonoid, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, and titratable acid. ClO(2) concentration and treatment time were significant factors affecting ClO(2) treatment. The shelf-life of the samples treated by 60 mg/l ClO(2) for 15 min was extended to 14 d compared to 8 d for the control. No ClO(2), ClO(2)(-), or ClO(3)(-) residues were detected in samples treated by 60 mg/l ClO(2) for 15 min. These results indicated that ClO(2) treatment was a promising approach to preserve mulberry fruit with no significant risks of chemical residues.     

气体二氧化氯对葡萄杀菌效果及品质的影响

以‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,从其表面分离优势菌并鉴定其为大肠杆菌与考克氏菌,利用NaClO₂与干冰间接反应开发一种气体二氧化氯(ClO₂)处理方法以灭活葡萄表面优势菌,通过测定菌落总数对数值减少量评估气体ClO₂对葡萄的杀菌效果,同时通过测定4℃贮藏30 d期间葡萄样品的色泽参数、果实硬度、质量损失率以及可溶性固形物含量评估气体ClO₂对葡萄品质的影响。结果表明,气体ClO₂处理对接种于葡萄表面的大肠杆菌与考克氏菌具有良好杀灭效果。当ClO₂累积浓度从131μL/(L·h)提升至599μL/(L·h),大肠杆菌菌落总数对数值减少量从1.6(lg(CFU/g))升至3.5(lg(CFU/g)),考克氏菌菌落总数对数值减少量从1.0(lg(CFU/g))升至4.5(lg(CFU/g))。与对照组(S0)相比,经ClO₂处理后贮藏30 d期间葡萄色泽并没有明显变化,与S0和低累积浓度处理组(S1)相比,高累积浓度处理组(S2)在4℃贮藏30 d后...     

稳定态二氧化氯对鲜切马铃薯贮藏性及酶褐变的初步研究

本文对不同浓度二氧化氯（ClO2）对鲜切马铃薯褐变和贮藏性的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明ClO2处理时间越长效果越好，浓度却不一定越大越好。不同浓度二氧化氯（ClO2）处理均对PPO和POD酶产生抑制作用，其中二氧化氯240mol／L处理10min、360mol／L处理5min和360m01／L处理10min处理效果最好；马铃薯的PPO、POD活性很高且两者之间具有相关性，与褐变度数值相吻合：经过不同浓度二氧化氯（ClO2）处理的样品之间蛋白质含量有差异，但不太明显。     

Effect of a simple chlorine dioxide method for controlling five foodborne pathogens, yeasts and molds on blueberries

The effect of aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) on controlling foodborne pathogens, yeasts, and molds on blueberries was studied. Five pathogens were spot-inoculated on the skin of blueberries. A sachet containing necessary chemicals for generation of ClO(2) was used to provide 320 ppm of ClO(2) in 7.5 l of water. The efficacy of different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 ppm) of ClO(2) and various contact times (10s; 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 min; and 1h and 2h) were studied. ClO(2) was most effective in reducing Listeria monocytogenes (4.88 log cfu/g) as compared to the other pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reduced by 2.16 log cfu/g after 5 min when treated with 15 ppm of ClO(2). Relatively short treatment time was more effective in reducing Salmonella Typhimurium than longer treatment time for most concentrations. The highest reduction (4.56 log cfu/g) of Staphylococcus aureus was achieved with 15 ppm of ClO(2) for 30 min. When treated for 2h with 5 ppm of ClO(2), Yersinia enterocolitica was reduced by 3.49 log cfu/g. Fifteen ppm of ClO(2) reduced natural yeasts and molds by 2.82 log cfu/g after 1h. Concentrations of ClO(2) decreased over time. When exposed to blueberries, ClO(2) concentrations were further reduced, showing significant degradation.     

Quality of fresh chicken breasts using a combination of modified atmosphere packaging and chlorine dioxide sachets

The objective of this research was to observe the effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) combined with modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of fresh chicken breasts under refrigerated storage for 15 days. Each chicken breast was inoculated with a 4-log CFU/ml culture of Salmonella Typhimurium (nalidixic acid-resistant strain) and placed into a barrier foam tray. Fast- or slow-release ClO2 sachets were placed next to the chicken in each package. A control set of packages that did not contain a ClO2 sachet was also included in the study. Packages were flushed with either 100% N2 or 75% N2-25% CO2 and stored at 3 degrees C. Microbial analysis, CIE L.a.b. color, and sensory (appearance and aroma) were performed every 3 days for 15 days. Total plate counts for chicken increased steadily after 6 to 9 days of storage regardless of package atmosphere or ClO2 treatment. However, those treated with ClO2 sachets had 1 to 1.5 log CFU per chicken breast lower total plate counts compared with those without ClO2 sachets. After 15 days, samples treated with ClO2 (fast- and slow-release sachets) had significantly lower Salmonella Typhimurium (nalidixic acid-resistant strain) populations (approximately 1 log) compared with chicken that did not contain ClO2 sachets. The ClO2 adversely affected the color of the chicken in areas close to the sachet. No off-odor was detected by the sensory panelists.     

二氧化氯气体对葡萄链格孢菌的抑制作用

该文研究了二氧化氯气体(ClO 2)对链格孢菌的抑制作用,为降低采后葡萄贮藏过程中交链孢霉腐病带来的损失提供依据。用1.5、3.0、4.5、6.0、7.5、9.0μg/L ClO 2分别对离体链格孢菌处理10、20、30 min,以不做任何处理为对照组,通过测定菌落生长、孢子形成、芽管伸长抑制率及倒置显微镜观察菌丝形态来探究ClO 2对其抑制效果。并用3.0、6.0、9.0μg/L ClO 2对接种了链格孢菌的葡萄处理30 min,置于28℃的培养箱中贮藏,通过测定病斑直径、发病率及相关酶活性来探索ClO 2对交链孢霉腐病的抑制作用。结果表明,离体实验中,与对照组相比,ClO 2处理组均能显著抑制链格孢菌菌落生长、孢子形成及芽管伸长。且接种了链格孢菌的活体实验中,ClO 2处理组均能抑制果实的病斑直径及腐烂率,延缓果实中丙二醛含量的积累,维持较高的抗氧化活性,其中采用9.0μg/L ClO 2处理果实30 min效果最好。     

Decontamination of strawberries using batch and continuous chlorine dioxide gas treatments

Efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on strawberries was determined using batch and continuous flow ClO2 gas treatment systems. Effects of continuous ClO2 gas treatment on total aerobic plate count, color, and residual ClO2 and chlorite on strawberries were also evaluated. Strawberries were spot inoculated with 7 to 8 log CFU per strawberry of each pathogen (E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes), stored for 1 day at 4 degrees C, and treated at 22 degrees C and 90 to 95% relative humidity with 0.2 to 4.0 mg/liter ClO2 gas for 15 or 30 min using a batch treatment system or with 0.6, 1.8, and 3.0 mg/liter for 10 min using a continuous treatment system. Surviving microbial populations were determined using a membrane-transfer plating recovery method. Increased ClO2 gas concentrations resulted in increased log reductions of each pathogen for both the batch and continuous systems. A batch treatment of strawberries with 4 mg/liter ClO2 for 30 min and continuous treatment with 3 mg/liter ClO2 for 10 min achieved greater than a 5-log reduction for both E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. After continuous exposure to 3.0 mg/liter ClO2 gas for 10 min followed by 1 week of storage at 4 degrees C, no aerobic microorganisms were detected and the color of the strawberry surface did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Residues of ClO2 and chlorite on strawberries after the treatment were 0.19 +/- 0.33 mg ClO2 per kg and 1.17 +/- 2.02 mg Cl2 per kg, respectively, whereas after 1 week of storage no ClO2 residues were detected and residual chlorite levels were down to 0.07 +/- 0.12 mg Cl2 per kg. These results suggest that ClO2 gas treatment is an effective decontamination technique for improving the safety of strawberries while extending shelf life.     

Shelf-life of minimally processed lettuce and cabbage treated with gaseous chlorine dioxide and cysteine

Gaseous ClO2 was evaluated for effectiveness in prolonging the shelf-life of minimally processed (MP) lettuce and MP cabbage, previously immersed in a cysteine solution in order to inhibit browning occurring during ClO2 treatment. Each vegetable was shredded, washed, and separated in two portions, one to be treated with ClO2 gas and the other to remain untreated as reference sample. The batch to be treated with ClO2 gas was immersed for 1 min in a 0.5% solution of HCl.L-cysteine monohydrate. Then both batches were spun dried. MP vegetables were decontaminated in a cabinet at 90-91% relative humidity and 22-25 degrees C up to 10 min, including 30 s of ClO2 injection into the cabinet. The ClO2 concentration rose to 1.74 mg/L (MP lettuce) and 1.29 mg/L (MP cabbage). Then samples were stored under modified atmosphere at 7 degrees C for shelf-life studies. Changes in O2 and CO2 headspace concentrations, microbiological quality (aerobic plate count (APC), psychrotrophs, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts), sensory quality, and pH were followed during storage. The respiration rate of the minimally processed vegetables was significantly increased by the ClO2 gas treatment only in the case of MP cabbage (P<0.05). The gas treatment reduced initially APC and psychrotroph count of MP lettuce and APC, psychrotroph counts, yeast counts and pH of MP cabbage (P<0.05). ClO2 treatment did not cause initially any significant (P<0.05) sensorial alteration, except for a weak off-odour in MP lettuce. Interestingly, no browning was observed after treating, which can be accounted to the use of L-cysteine. Although an initial microbiological reduction was observed due to ClO2 gas treatment, APC and psychrotroph counts reached in the samples treated with ClO2 higher levels than in those non-treated with ClO2 before the third day of the shelf-life study. Untreated and treated samples of MP lettuce were sensorial unacceptable due to bad overall visual quality after 4 days, while treated and untreated MP cabbage remained sensorial acceptable during the 9 days of the study. L-cysteine reduced (P<0.05) the decontamination efficacy of ClO2 when applied to MP cabbage but not in the case of MP lettuce. Gaseous ClO2 failed to prolong the shelf-life of MP lettuce and MP cabbage, the reason for the enhanced growth of microorganisms in decontaminated samples should be investigated. Nonetheless, our results prove that it is possible to inhibit browning caused by ClO2.     

二氧化氯采前处理对红富士苹果的保鲜

研究采前使用二氧化氯(ClO2)处理在红富士苹果冷藏条件下的防腐保鲜效果,探讨ClO2对红富士苹果的防腐保鲜效果机理。分别用质量浓度0、20、50、80mg/L ClO2溶液采前处理“红富士”苹果,定期测定果实采后生理指标,并在贮藏末期观察统计其腐烂指数。适宜质量浓度的ClO2采前处理对果实表面的菌落清除效果较好,可有效抑制冷藏期间果实硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降,降低苹果呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率和腐烂指数,无明显抑制果实质量减少的作用,提高了过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonialyase,PAL)的活性。通过不同质量浓度处理效果的比较,确定适宜的ClO2处理质量浓度为50mg/L,此处理条件对红富士苹果具有明显的防腐保鲜效果,可有效延长贮藏期。     

二氧化氯和臭氧杀菌处理对菜心贮藏品质的影响

为提高菜心贮藏品质,研究二氧化氯(ClO2)、臭氧(O3)两种杀菌剂对菜心贮藏期间的呼吸强度、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活等品质指标变化规律的影响。研究发现,与对照组相比,在贮藏期内ClO2和O3对菜心呼吸的影响是先促进后抑制,二者均使菜心呼吸高峰提前到达,但贮藏中后期(6 d^9 d)杀菌组的呼吸强度低于对照组,ClO2对呼吸的抑制优于O3;ClO2和O3提高了菜心贮藏前期的硬度,贮藏后期ClO2组菜心硬度适中;ClO2降低了菜心a*值,有利于保持菜心的绿色;O3对菜心a*值略有提高,对菜心绿色影响不显著;ClO2和O3促使菜心中丙二醛的累积,但量小难以促衰老;ClO2能稳定维持偏低的过氧化物酶活性,抑制苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,延缓其木质化和衰老,保持品质。综合分析得出,ClO2更适合杀菌处理菜心,货架期可达12 d,具有潜在的应用前景。