主动脉内球囊反搏术联合血栓抽吸治疗大面积ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者的疗效

目的评价主动脉内气囊反搏术(IABP)联合血栓抽吸对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性大面积ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者临床预后的影响。方法发病12 h内的急性大面积STEMI患者120例随机分为试验组和对照组各60例,均给予规范的药物治疗并急诊冠脉造影,试验组应用IABP联合冠脉内血栓抽吸,对照组单纯血栓抽吸后行PCI术。评价梗死相关血管PCI术后冠脉血流(TIMI)分级,心肌组织灌注(TMP)分级、无复流或慢血流发生率、IABP并发症及术后4 w心功能、主要不良心脏事件的发生情况。结果试验组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率、TMP明显高于对照组;慢血流、无复流发生率明显低于对照组;术后4 w左心室射血分数(LVEF)明显高于对照组,左心室舒张末期内径、主要不良心脏事件的发生率小于对照组(均<0.05)。结论急性大面积STEMI患者急诊PCI前应用IABP联合血栓抽吸能改善梗死相关血管的急性心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)血流,增加冠脉灌注,改善心功能,减少主要不良心脏事件的发生率,临床应用安全有效。     

血栓抽吸导管在急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用Diver CE血栓抽吸导管的可靠性、实用性与安全性。方法选择我院2006年7月至2007年7月接受直接PCI的AMI患者64例,分成血栓抽吸后经皮冠状动脉介入治疗组(PT+PCI)与单纯PCI组,比较两组间TIMI血流、心肌灌注分级(TMP)(2.65±0.54)级、2 h ST段回落率56.07%±9.20%、左室射血分数(LVEF)及血管重建率。结果PT+PCI组的TIMI血流(2.54±0.18)级、TMP(2.65±0.54)级、2 h ST段回落率89.73%±9.43%、LVEF值56.07%±9.20%及血管重建率0%,明显优于单纯PCI组的TIMI血流(2.01±0.28)级、TMP(1.52±0.47)级、2 hST段回落率56.41%±12.59%、LVEF值51.11%±8.97%及血管重建率3.33%(P<0.05)。结论PCI中应用Diver CE血栓抽吸装置能明显减少冠状动脉血栓及远端栓塞,有效地改善心肌灌注,减少无复流发生,使用安全,效果明显。     

Comparison of myocardial reperfusion in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction with versus without diabetes mellitus (from the EMERALD Trial)

Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. It is unknown whether myocardial perfusion is decreased in diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which may contribute to their worse prognosis. We compared myocardial perfusion and infarct sizes between diabetic and nondiabetic patients undergoing PCI for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the EMERALD trial. EMERALD was a prospective, randomized, multicenter study evaluating distal embolic protection during primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. End points included final myocardial blush grade, complete ST-segment resolution (STR) 30 minutes after PCI, and final infarct size as determined by technetium-99m single proton emission computed tomography measured between days 5 and 14. Of 501 patients, 62 (12%) had diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients had impaired myocardial perfusion after PCI as measured by myocardial blush grade 0/1 (34% vs 16%, p = 0.002) and lower rates of complete 30-minute STR (45% vs 65%, p = 0.005). Infarct size (median 20% vs 11%, p = 0.005), development of new onset severe congestive heart failure (12% vs 4%, p = 0.016), and 30-day mortality (10% vs 1%, p <0.0001) were also greater in diabetic patients. After multivariate adjustment, diabetes remained associated with lack of complete STR and mortality at 6 months. Use of distal protection devices did not improve outcomes in diabetic or nondiabetic patients. In conclusion, in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI, diabetes is independently associated with decreased myocardial reperfusion, larger infarct, development of congestive heart failure, and decreased survival.     

早期应用替罗非班对急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术后的影响

目的:观察早期应用替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊PCI术后心肌灌注情况及短期疗效的影响。方法:选择接受急诊PCI的AMI患者113例,随机分为:早期替罗非班组(60例),诊断明确后立即经静脉给予替罗非班负荷剂量10μg/kg继以0.15μg.kg-1.min-1维持泵入48h;常规治疗组(53例),于冠脉造影开始时给予替罗非班,用药方法及剂量同早期替罗非班组。比较PCI术前、术后梗死相关动脉TIMI血流情况,PCI术后TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG),ST段回落情况,术后心功能情况,住院期间主要心脏不良事件发生率。结果:早期替罗非班组术前TIMI血流2级比例明显高于常规治疗组(13.3%比1.9%,P=0.037),术后即刻两组TIMI血流分级无显著性差异(P=0.188);术后早期替罗非班组TMPG 3级比例明显高于常规治疗组(88.3%比73.6%,P=0.034),术后2h心电图ST段回落>50%比例早期替罗非班组亦明显高于常规治疗组(78.3%比60.4%,P=0.038),术后7d两组LVEF水平及住院期间主要心脏不良事件发生率的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:早期应用替罗非班可以改善TIMI血流和术后心肌灌注,并不增加住院期间主要心脏不良事件。     

机械与手动血栓抽吸在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用的随机对照研究

目的:比较机械与手动血栓抽吸在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PPCI)中应用的临床疗效。方法:124例STEMI患者在接受PPCI治疗支架置入前,随机分为机械血栓抽吸组(AngioJet组,66例)和手动血栓抽吸组(Export组,58例)。主要终点是术后30 min时ST段回落(STR)≥50%比例及术后3个月内主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率,其他替代终点包括血栓抽吸术后TIMI血流分级、校正TIMI帧数(cTFC)、TIMI心肌灌注染色分级(MBG)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)质量峰值时间、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)峰值等,比较组间基线资料以及主要终点、替代终点的差别。结果:术后30 min时STR≥50%比例在AngioJet组显著高于Export组(81.8%vs 65.6%,P=0.038),AngioJet组MACE事件发生率与Export组比较无统计学差异(7.6%vs12.1%,P=0.398)。AngioJet组术后TIMI血流3级比例显著高于Export组(86.4%vs 70.7%,P=0.032),cTFC、MBG、CK-MB质量峰值时间2组间无统计学差异。结论:对于急性心肌梗死血栓负荷重的完全闭塞病变的患者,直接支架置入术前采用AngioJet机械血栓清除相比手动抽吸导管清除血栓能取得更好的心肌灌注效果,但并不能改善术后3个月的临床结果。     

替罗非班和急诊介入治疗富含血栓病变的心肌梗死

目的 观察国产血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗药替罗非班对富含血栓病变的急性心肌梗死患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,pPCI)的疗效.方法 2004年1月～2006年10月,我院确诊急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死并接受pPCI 92例,急诊冠状动脉造影特征为梗死相关血管富含血栓病变,比较使用替罗非班组和对照组患者pPCI后靶血管心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验血流(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)3级例数,校正TIMI帧数(corrected TIMI Frame Count,CTFC),术后2 h抬高的ST段回落程度,心肌型肌酸激酶同工酶(MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase,CK-MB)峰值及峰值时间,无复流或慢血流现象发生率、住院期间及术后6个月主要心血管事件发生率.结果 两组患者一般临床基线特征差异无统计学意义.pPCI后梗死相关血管的TIMI 3级血流率差异未见统计学意义,但替罗非班组在反映心肌灌注水平的指标包括CTFC、术后2 h ST段回落率、CK-MB峰值及酶峰值时间均优于对照组,无复流及慢血流发生率及住院期间主要心血管事件发生率低于对照组,但住院期间出血并发症发生率则高于对照组.结论 对于富含血栓病变的急性心肌梗死患者pPCI再灌注治疗中联合应用替罗非班能减少无复流及慢血流现象的发生,并明显改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的心肌灌注,降低住院期间主要心血管事件发生率.     

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者心肌再灌注的影响

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中联合应用ZEEK血栓抽吸导管和替罗非班对心肌组织灌注及临床预后的影响.方法 84例经冠脉造影证实为血栓负荷病变的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者随机分为血栓抽吸＋替罗非班42例（A组）和标准PCI 42例（B组）,比较两组患者手术后即刻梗死相关动脉（IRA）的心肌梗死溶栓（TIMI）血流、心肌灌注分级（MBG）、心电图ST段回落百分比、左心室射血分数（LVEF）及住院期间主要心脏不良事件（MACE）和出血性并发症发生率.结果 A组术后即刻TIMI血流、MBG、ST段抬高回落百分比及LVEF均明显优于B组（P〈0.05）,两组住院期间的MACE发生率及出血并发症比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 在急性心肌梗死急诊PCI中联合使用ZEEK导管血栓抽吸和替罗非班安全可行,可有效清除冠状动脉内血栓,改善心肌组织灌注和术后心脏功能,并且不增加主要心脏不良事件的发生率.     

X-sizer for thrombectomy in acute myocardial infarction improves ST-segment resolution: results of the X-sizer in AMI for negligible embolization and optimal ST resolution (X AMINE ST) trial

OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare, in a prospective randomized multicenter study, the effect of adjunctive thrombectomy using X-Sizer (eV3, White Bear Lake, Minnesota) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus conventional PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for <12 h and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 0 to 1. The primary end point was the magnitude of ST-segment resolution after PCI. BACKGROUND: Despite a high rate of TIMI flow grade 3 achieved by PCI in patients with AMI, myocardial reperfusion remains relatively low. Distal embolization of thrombotic materials may play a major role in this setting. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, multicenter study in patients with AMI <12 h and initial TIMI flow grade 0 to 1 who were treated with primary PCI. The magnitude of ST-segment resolution 1 h after PCI was the primary end point. RESULTS: A total of 201 patients were included. Treatment groups were comparable by age (61 +/- 13 years), diabetes (22%), previous MI (8%), anterior MI (52%), onset-to-angiogram (258 +/- 173 min), and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use (59%). The magnitude of ST-segment resolution was greater in the X-Sizer group compared with the conventional group (7.5 vs. 4.9 mm, respectively; p = 0.033) as ST-segment resolution >50% (68% vs. 53%; p = 0.037). The occurrence of distal embolization was reduced (2% vs. 10%; p = 0.033) and TIMI flow grade 3 was obtained in 96% vs. 89%, respectively (p = 0.105). Myocardial blush grade 3 was similar (30% vs. 31%; p = NS). Six-month clinical outcome was comparable (death, 6% vs. 4% and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events, 13% vs. 13%, respectively). By multivariate analysis, independent predictors of ST-segment resolution >50% were: younger age, non-anterior MI, use of the X-Sizer, and a short time interval from symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing thrombus burden with X-Sizer before stenting leads to better myocardial reperfusion, as illustrated by a reduced risk of distal embolization and better ST-segment resolution.     

血栓抽吸联合GPⅡb／Ⅲa治疗血栓负荷过重心肌梗死患者的疗效

目的：探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中血栓抽吸导管（ZEEK导管）联合血小板Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂（GPⅡb／Ⅲa）治疗血栓负荷过重的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）的效果。方法：人选STEMI患者136例,随机分为常规PCI组（44例）、GPⅡb／Ⅲa组（45例）和GP1Ib／Ⅲa±TA（血栓抽吸）组（47例）,分析三组PCI术后即刻梗死相关血管（IRA）的TIMI血流分级、梗死部位心肌灌注水平（TMP）分级、术后72h内出血、输血比例及术后30d、1年内主要心脏不良事件（MACE）等。结果：与常规PCI组比较,GPⅡb／Ⅲa组和GPⅡb／Ⅲa±TA组术后即刻IRA的TIMI血流分级[（2．31±0．50）比（2．52±0．48）比（2．69±0．47）]、TMP分级[（2．03±0．65）比（2．31±0．48）比（2．51±0．54）]明显提高,且GPⅡb／Ⅲa±TA组明显高于GPⅡb／Ⅲa组,P均d0．05;GPⅡb／Ⅲa组和GPⅡb／Ⅲa±TA组术后30d、1年MACE发生率均明显低于常规PCI组E30d：（9．6±28．4）％、（7．1±21．7）％比（16．2±37．4）％,1年：（16．3±35．5）％、（12．4±39．3）％比（29．7士46．3）％],P均d0．01。术后72h内出血、输血比例三组间差异无显著性。结论：冠状动脉血栓负荷过重的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI中联合使用血栓抽吸导管和血小板Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂安全、有效,即刻获得的TIMI血流和心肌灌注优于常规PCI组及单用血小板Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂组。     

老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者替罗非班冠状动脉和静脉用药的疗效比较

目的 分析老年急性冠状动脉(冠脉)综合征(ACS)患者替罗非班不同负荷和不同用药途径对心肌灌注和30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的影响,探讨替罗非班的负荷用药最佳途径.方法 2009年7月至2010年7月,连续入选120例老年ACS患者,均行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI),术前开始用替罗非班.根据负荷给药途径不同分为两组:冠脉内用药组和静脉用药组,各60例.观察两组患者PCI后冠脉血流、心肌灌注及PCI术后30 d的MACE.结果 冠脉内用药组病变冠脉的急性心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级3级、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)3级率明显高于静脉用药组[分别为53例(88.3%)、38例(63.3%)和40例(66.7%)],两两比较,均P＜0.05,但两组患者院内和PCI后30 d的MACE[分别为1(1.7%)和0,3(5.0%)和5(8.3%)]及不同程度出血和血小板减少症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 老年ACS患者PCI前冠脉内使用负荷剂量替罗非班与静脉内用药途径比较,能更有效地增加冠状动脉血流及心肌水平的灌注.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect of intracoronary versus intravenous bolus tirofiban on myocardial perfusion and major cardiovascular events (MACE) in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and explore the optimal route of tirofiban application. Methods From July 2009 to July 2010, 120 NSTE-ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI ) were consecutively enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: intracoronary (60 cases) versus intravenous (60 cases) bolus tirofiban. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow, TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) and MACE 30 days after PCI were observed. Results The incidence of TIMI flow and TMPG 3 grade in intracoronary group were higher than in intravenous group [53(88.3%) vs. 38(63.3%); 53(88.3%) vs. 40(66.7%), respectively, both P＜0.05]. However, MACE incidence and bleeding complications during hospital 30 days after PCI had no significant difference between the two groups [1 (1.7%) vs. 0; 3(5.0%) vs. 5(8.3%)], which were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Conclusions Intracoronary bolus tirofiban before PCI more effectively increases coronary blood flow and myocardium blush than intravenous route in elderly NSTE-ACS patients.     

The distal protection during primary percutaneous coronary intervention alleviates the adverse effects of large thrombus burden on myocardial reperfusion.

BACKGROUND: The presence of intracoronary large thrombus burden (LTB) in the infarct-related artery increases the risk of distal embolization and no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Evaluation of whether the distal protection (DP) during primary PCI reduces adverse effects of LTB on myocardial reperfusion and infarct size was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A consecutive series of 88 patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI using DP were compared with 81 consecutive patients treated by primary PCI alone. The DP use showed similar post-procedural myocardial blush grade (MBG)-3 and infarct size, but improved corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (cTFC) (29+/-11 vs 35+/-20, p=0.011) and the incidence of ST-segment resolution (80.7% vs 66.7%, p=0.038). In patients with LTB present, however, the DP use reduced occurrences of no-reflow (0% vs 11.8%, p=0.036) and distal embolization (4.8% vs 17.6%, p=0.129), resulting in higher occurrences of MBG-3 (61.9% vs 35.3%, p=0.021) and ST-segment resolution (78.6% vs 50.0%, p=0.009), lower cTFC values (30+/-8 vs 40+/-22, p=0.012) and smaller infarct size (12.2+/-11.2 vs 18.7+/-11.1, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: With an improved myocardial reperfusion and smaller infarct size in patients with LTB, the DP during primary PCI might be a better strategy in this particular setting compared with conventional strategy.     

血栓抽吸术改善急性心肌梗死心肌再灌注的临床研究

目的探讨冠状动脉内血栓抽吸并联合球囊成型及支架置入术治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）对梗死心肌再灌注的影响。方法进行急诊PCI的AMI患者共156例,对其中78例进行冠状动脉内血栓抽吸,然后进行球囊扩张及支架置入治疗。术后造影观察冠状动脉扩张效果及梗死相关血管血流及心肌灌注、心电图STR情况。结果抽吸血栓组与同期入选未抽吸组相比,TIMI血流3级分别为89％和78％;TMP灌注3级分别为88％和45％,STR〉50％者分别为68％和50％。结论经导管进行冠状动脉内血栓抽吸是治疗急性心肌梗死简单有效的方法,并可提高经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的成功率,减少无再流等并发症的发生。     

Relation between leucocyte count, myonecrosis, myocardial perfusion, and outcomes following primary angioplasty

We examined whether leukocytosis is a negative prognostic factor in patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and, if so, determined whether it is associated with impaired myocardial perfusion. Previous studies have identified leukocytosis as a predictor of mortality in AMI. Whether this association holds in patients how have undergone primary PCI using contemporary pharmacotherapy and correlates with impaired myocardial perfusion is unknown. Clinical outcomes and reperfusion success, using Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow and myocardial blush grades, were examined according to tertiles of baseline leukocyte count in 1,268 patients who underwent primary PCI for AMI in the CADILLAC trial. Patients with higher leukocyte count were younger and more likely to be current smokers. Preprocedure TIMI grade 0 flow was more frequent in patients with higher leukocyte counts, but postprocedural TIMI grade 3 flow rates were equally high (>94%) in all 3 groups. Myocardial blush grade 2/3 was achieved at similar rates after PCI in patients with low, intermediate, and high baseline leukocyte counts (52.0% vs 51.5% vs 50.1%, p = 0.8). Higher baseline leukocyte counts were associated with greater myonecrosis (p <0.0001) and increased mortality at 1 year (2.7% vs 4.6% vs 5.4%, respectively, p = 0.047). By multivariate analysis, baseline leukocyte count (in increments of 1,000, hazard ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.10, p = 0.005) and peak creatine phosphokinase (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.29, p <0.001) were independent predictors of 1-year mortality. In conclusion, baseline leukocytosis is an independent correlate of larger infarct and increased mortality after primary PCI in AMI, an effect not explained by decreased myocardial perfusion.     

Thrombus aspiration in primary percutaneous coronary intervention in high‐risk patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: A real‐world registry

Objectives : To evaluate the effect of thrombus aspiration in a real‐world all‐comer patient population with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Background : Catheter thrombus aspiration in primary PCI was beneficial in randomized clinical trials. Methods : We enrolled 313 STEMI patients presenting with TIMI Flow Grade 0 or 1 in the infarct related artery at baseline angiogram undergoing primary PCI. Patients were divided in two groups based on whether thrombus aspiration was attempted. This decision was left at operator's discretion. Procedural and long‐term clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results : Baseline characteristics were similar between groups: 194 (62%) received thrombus aspiration and 119 underwent conventional PCI. Thrombus aspiration was associated with significantly lower post‐PCI TIMI Frame Count values (19 ± 15 vs. 25 ± 17; P = 0.002) and higher TIMI Flow Grade 3 (92% vs. 73%; P < 0.001). Postprocedural myocardial perfusion assessed by myocardial blush grade (MBG) was significantly increased in the thrombus aspiration group (MBG 3: 44% vs. 21%; P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the two groups in clinical outcome at 30 days. At one year, patients treated with thrombus aspiration showed significantly higher overall survival (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20–0.81; log‐rank P = 0.010) and MACE‐free survival (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.85; log‐rank P = 0.011). Conclusions : In real‐world all‐comer STEMI patients with occluded infarct‐related artery, thrombus aspiration prior to PCI improves coronary flow, myocardial perfusion, and long‐term clinical outcome as compared with PCI in the absence of thrombus aspiration. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

血栓抽吸治疗在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死直接介入治疗中应用的安全性和有效性研究

目的:评价血栓抽吸治疗在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)中应用的安全性和有效性.方法:59例STEMI患者被随机分为血栓抽吸组和传统PCI组(对照组),对2组之间的冠状动脉造影结果(TIMI 3级血流率、校正TIMI帧数、TMP分级)、心电图ST段回落百分比(sumSTR)和临床结果[肌酸激酶(CK)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、术后1周左室射血分数(LVEF)、6个月主要不良心血管事件]进行分析比较.结果:血栓抽吸组PCI后梗死相关动脉TIMI 3级血流率、TMP3级及sumSTR>70%发生率均显著高于对照组,校正TIMI帧数、TMP0～1级及sumSTR<30%均显著低于对照组.血栓抽吸组CK、CK-MB峰值显著低于对照组 ,术后1周LVEF显著高于对照组.随访6个月主要不良心血管事件2组差异无统计学意义.结论:在急性STEMI直接PCI中应用血栓抽吸治疗是安全有效的,能够改善心肌灌注,降低心肌梗死面积,提高LVEF.     

糖尿病对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的采用心电图ST段回落指数（STR）和冠状动脉造影心肌呈色分级（MBG）评价糖尿病对急性心肌梗死（AMI）直接PCI后心肌灌注以及患者预后影响的价值。方法287例AMI并行急诊PCI的患者依据病史以及入院前是否接受药物和非药物降糖治疗的情况分为糖尿病组（n=95例）和非糖尿病组（n=192例）。所有患者分析心电图STR和MBG,并进行临床随诊。结果与非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病组年龄较大[（65±12）岁比（57±11）岁,P〈0．05]。两组PCI术后TIMIⅢ级血流的患者数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。糖尿病组心肌微循环灌注不良多于非糖尿病组（MBG 0／156．0％比41．1％,P=0．019）,ST段回落不全也多于非糖尿病组（43．2％比30．7％,P=0．038）。糖尿病组患者在随诊期间联合终点事件的发生率明显多于非糖尿病组（27．4％比16．1％,P=0．025）。多因素回归分析显示糖尿病是患者预后不良的独立危险因素（RR=1．83,95％CI：1．04～3．36,P=0．01）。患者接受再灌注的时间（RR=3．63,95％CI：1．27～10．42,P=0．03）、ST段回落不全（RR=11．71,95％CI：1．53～38．70,P=0．03）以及MBG0／1（RR=1．16,95％CI：1．03～1．38,P=0．01）与患者预后不良相关。结论糖尿病是AMI患者在成功接受介入治疗术后预后不良的独立危险因素,这可能与糖尿病患者出现心肌微循环灌注不良有关。     

Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular remodeling in patients treated with primary angioplasty for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction

The role of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion in the management of acute coronary syndrome is controversial. Limited data are available on the effects of adjunctive high-dose GIK (30% glucose, 50 IU of insulin, 80 mEq of potassium chloride infused at 1.5 ml/kg/hour over 24 hours) on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In this prospective study, 73 patients were randomized to receive GIK infusion (n = 40) or saline (placebo, n = 33) in addition to standard therapy. The primary end points were myocardial perfusion after PCI and LV remodeling at 6 months. Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction frame count and myocardial blush grade were evaluated before and after reperfusion treatment. LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, ejection fraction, and wall motion score index were assessed in each patient after PCI and after 6 months. Although no differences in final Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow were observed between the 2 groups, myocardial blush grade 3 was more frequently achieved in the GIK group (p <0.05). At 6 months, ventricular remodeling was more often observed in the control group (24% vs 3%, p <0.05). In conclusion, GIK infusion in adjunct to primary PCI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was safe, improved myocardial perfusion after revascularization, and was associated with less LV remodeling at follow-up.     

急性下壁心肌梗死应用Guardwire Plus与Diver CE两种装置的对比研究

目的 单中心前瞻性随机比较急性下壁心肌梗死(AIMI)患者施行PCI前应用Guardwire Plus与Diver CE两种血栓去除装置的效果.方法 采用单中心前瞻性随机方法比较发病＜12 h、TIMI血流0～1级AIMI患者施行直接PCI前应用Guardwire Plus与Diver CE两种血栓去除装置的有效性.主要终点是PCI后1 h内ST段回落程度.结果 122例患者入选本研究.Diver CE组和Guardwire Plus组的年龄[(59.6±14)岁比(60.1±13)岁]、男性(82%比84%)、糖尿病(31%比28%)、既往冠心病(25%比23%)、症状发作到直接PCI时间[(350±185)min比(345±180)min]和应用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a受体拮抗剂(11%比13%)等基线资料均匹配.两组ST段回落(70%)率(57%比59%)、慢血流和无再流发生率(8%比7%)、TIMI血流3级率(95%比97%)和心肌染色血流3级率(70%比72%)差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后1个月临床结果显示,左心室射血分数[(0.54±0.12)比(0.53±0.11)]、死亡(3%比3%)、再次心肌梗死(2%比0)和靶血管重建(2%比2%)差异也无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与Guardwire Plus装置比较,在AIMI患者施行支架术前应用Diver CE装置去除血栓,同样可以降低远端栓塞、促进ST段回落并改善心肌灌注.     

血栓抽吸导管联合替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的远期疗效研究

目的探讨血栓抽吸导管联合替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的远期疗效。方法纳入分析2006年6月~2009年6月间在我院住院行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者比例,应用血栓抽吸联合替罗非班治疗为治疗组（n=62）,未应用血栓抽吸及替罗非班治疗为对照组（n=62）,比较两组患者术后的心肌梗死溶栓（TIMI）血流、TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）;住院期间出血并发症、住院期间主要心血管不良事件（MACE）、出院时左室射血分数（LVEF）值;随访2年时的LVEF及期间的MACE。结果治疗组患者术后即刻TIMI血流3级及TMPG3级患者显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,治疗组患者出院时LVEF值显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,两组患者住院期间的出血并发症及MACE无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。随访2年时治疗组LVEF值高于对照组（P〈0.05）,MACE低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论血栓抽吸导管联合替罗非班治疗可显著改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者术后TIMI血流、TMPG分级及心功能,不增加患者出血风险,且2年后仍可持续获益。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入术中血栓抽吸联合硝普钠预防无复流的研究

目的评价血栓抽吸导管联合硝普钠预防急性sT段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术中无复流的作用。方法连续人选2009年1月至2012年6月于我院就诊行直接经皮冠状动脉介入的STEMI患者,初始血管造影TIMI血流≤2级,行血栓抽吸之后,随机分配到A组（经血栓抽吸导管先注射固定剂量100ug硝普钠,然后注射替罗非班10I-Lg／kg）和B组（经血栓抽吸导管注射替罗非班10ug／kg）。主要终点为术后校正TIMI计帧数（cTFC）、心肌呈色分级（MBG）、完全sT段回落率（sTR）。二级终点包括TIMI血流分级、CK—MB峰值、6个月随访的主要心血管不良事件（MACE,靶血管重建、再次心梗、死亡）和左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果累计人选病例121例,A组60例,B组61例。两组之间的基本临床情况和血管造影特征无明显差异。A组与B组比较：①术后cTFC水平明显低（22~6比28~7,P=-O．01）;②STR明显高（75．0％比55．7％,P=O．04）;③MBG2～3级比例较高（70．O％比52．6％,P=-O．03）;④CK—MB峰值明显低（169±55比208±49,P=0．01）;⑤随访6个月LVEF水平明显高（62±4比54±5,P〈0．0001）。胸痛到PCI时间、入门至PCI时间、支架直径、支架长度均差异无统计学意义。应用硝普钠治疗期间无严重并发症。A组6个月的MACE事件发病率显示出降低趋势,但是差异无统计学意义（P=0．48）。结论在直接PCI术中经血栓抽吸导管预防性注射硝普钠．不仅改善心肌水平灌注而且减少心梗面积。