偏振调控全光开关的设计分析

给出了一种工作波长为1550nm,基于电光偏振调控的1×2全光开关的设计方法,该光开关由TE-TM模式转换器和偏振分束光栅构成.通过TE-TM模式转换器控制输出信号光的偏振态,由偏振分束光栅选择输出端口.所设计的全光开关两出射端口的串音分别低于-72dB和-33dB,可实现纳秒量级的开关速率,且串音小、结构简单,在全光...     

1.5 mu m band travelling-wave semiconductor optical amplifiers with window facet structure

1.5 mu m band travelling-wave semiconductor optical amplifiers (TWAs), characterised by their window facet structure and symmetrised active waveguide, have been developed. 1.5 dB spectral gain ripple and 1.3 dB TE-TM mode gain difference at 22 dB signal gain were achieved simultaneously. An average facet reflectivity as low as 0.06% was estimated.<>     

Waveguide Isolator With Phase Mismatch

A novel optical waveguide isolator constructed from mode convertors with unsuppressed phase mismatch is proposed. The troublesome requirement of phase matching for transverse electric (TE)-transverse magnetic (TM) mode conversion is eliminated without degradation on the performances. It is found that a kind of self-phase compensation phenomenon occurs during TE-TM mode conversion that facilitates the operation of the isolator. An isolator based on this mechanism is designed and simulated. An isolation of -24.4 dB is obtained.     

Integrated-Optic Polarization Controlling Devices Using Electro-Optic Polymers

Integrated-optic polarization controlling devices such as polarizers, polarization splitters, and polarization converters, are proposed and demonstrated in nonlinear optic polymers. Poling-induced birefringence in electro-optic polymers is exploited to fabricate the devices. The polymeric waveguide polarizers show low excess losses, and extinction ratios of 20.7 dB and 17.1 dB for TM-pass and TE-pass polarizers, respectively. The polymeric waveguide polarization splitters exhibit TE-TM mode splittings with crosstalk of 14.2 dB and 10.1 dB for TM and TE mode splittings, respectively. The polymeric waveguide polarization converters show successful TE/TM polarization mode conversion with conversion efficiencies of higher than 30 dB. The device employs poling-induced waveguides which have slowly rotating azimuth angle of optic axis along the light propagation direction. The novel polarization converter is insensitive to wavelength and easier to fabricate than the other polarization converters containing periodic structures.     

Multistage spectral polarimeter with >28 dB stopband attenuation

A Ti:LiNbO₃ acousto-optical TE-TM converter followed by a polariser can be used to realise a wavelength-selective polarimeter. Its stopband attenuation is increased by adding more mode converters on the same chip. A value >28 dB has been measured in a four-stage device     

Interferometric-type polarisation splitter on Z-propagating LiNbO/sub 3/:Ti

A new optical waveguide TE-TM mode-splitter realised on X-cut, Z-propagating lithium niobate is reported. At 1.52 mu m, the device exhibits extinction ratios better than 18 dB for applied voltages lower than 20 V, and can be used as a polarisation switch.<>     

TE-TM mode conversion of an optical beam wave in thin-film opticalwaveguides

The TE-TM mode conversion efficiency when a Gaussian beam wave propagates in thin-film optical waveguides is discussed. For film thicknesses at which strong coupling between the TE and TM modes is obtained, two hybrid modes have oppositely rotating circular polarizations, or linear polarizations perpendicular to each other with equal magnitude of TE-wave and TM-wave components. In the former (i.e. circular polarization), complete TE-TM mode conversion is impossible. In the latter (i.e. linear polarization) complete TE-TM mode conversion is available. These claims are based on the fact that the direction of power flow of the hybrid modes depends on the polarization     

LiNbO3TE-TM mode converter using collinear acoustooptic interaction

A highly efficient TE-TM mode conversion device utilizing the acoustooptic effect has been demonstrated. Mode conversion has been made by an acoustic surface wave propagating collinearly with an optical guided wave. The maximum mode conversion, although the fraction was restricted to 70 percent, has been obtained with an acoustic power of only 55 mW (electrical input 0.55 W). Effective interaction length of the present device is limited to 5 mm due to optical and/or acoustic inhomogeneity of the waveguides. For selecting TE and TM waves, a polarizer is constructed monolithically and the extinction ratio is improved by up to 21 dB. Performance characteristics of a tunable optical filter of this type of the mode conversion are also discussed.     

Optical surface wave mode converters and modulators utilizing static strain-optic effects

Periodic perturbations of dielectric waveguides can be obtained by an evaporated SiO2thin film grating through the static strain-optic effect. These waveguides are applied to TE-TM mode converters and modulators in Ti-diffused LiNbO3waveguides. Using a coupling length of 3 mm in an optical surface waveguide, we have demonstrated a TE-TM mode conversion efficiency of 80 percent and a TE-TM mode modulator with 100 percent modulation with an applied field of 2 V/μm. A theoretical analysis of a reflector for a semiconductor laser waveguide is also described.     

共线TE-TM模式转换器中的陀螺效应

简要介绍了声表面波(SAW)陀螺效应及TE-TM模式转换理论,提出了检测SAW陀螺效应的一种新方法.该方法的核心是通过模式耦合理论的作用,把SAW陀螺效应引起的器件轻微形变反应到器件耦合效率的变化中,通过检测特定偏振态的出射光强度进而推算出陀螺的转动角速度.讨论了检测SAW陀螺效应的实验方案,设计了检测系统,并推导出了陀螺效应的系统测量公式.     

Electrooptic narrow linewidth wavelength tuning and intensity modulation of an erbium fiber ring laser

We report an electrically tunable fiber laser featuring a 50-channel wavelength switching capability with a 0.2 nm linewidth and -20 dB crosstalk. The laser consists of an Er-doped fiber resonator and an electro-optic TE-TM convertor used as a wavelength tunable filter. It allows wavelength tuning over a spectral range of 10 nm with a tuning rate of 0.05 nm/V and a linewidth of 0.06 nm.     

Integrated optical polarization-discriminating receiver in glass

We have successfully demonstrated an integrated optical TE-TM mode discriminator using waveguide polarizers and guided-wave photodetectors for use in polarimetric optical sensor and positioning systems. The photonic integrated circuit consists of a Y-branch waveguide splitter formed by potassium-sodium ion exchange in silicate glass. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon claddings were deposited on each branch of the splitter to act as polarizers. One output cladding was trimmed to a thickness which attenuated the TE polarization, while the other cladding was trimmed to attenuate light having TM polarization. The thickness trimming was accomplished using a process of localized plasma etching which allows in situ extinction optimization by monitoring transmitted light. Optical extinction ratios of up to 27 dB were demonstrated on Y-branch waveguides for polarizers with claddings 1.2 mm in length. The integrated receiver was completed with the deposition of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors on each of the output waveguide branches following the polarizers. Amorphous silicon claddings were contacted with chrome-gold interdigitated Schottky contacts to form the waveguide detectors     

A tunable filter with collinear acoustooptical TE-TM modeconversion in a GaAs-AlAs multiquantum-well waveguide

We investigate theoretically an acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF) based on TE-TM mode conversion by collinear acoustooptic interaction, using the high form birefringence that occurs in a GaAs-AlAs multiquantum-well (MQW) rib waveguide. Mode conversion is achieved using a transverse piezoelectric surface acoustic wave. We propose to use a piezoelectric layer (ZnO or AlN) of 6-mm symmetry, which can be deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The c axis is then parallel to the plane of the layer. Under this condition, a transverse piezoelectric surface acoustic wave excited by inderdigital electrodes can propagate within the GaAs-AlAs MQW optical waveguide. TE-TM conversion is then possible with a relatively low acoustic frequency (some tens of megahertz), yielding a high diffraction efficiency and a figure of merit 14 times higher than that of conventional LiNbO₃ filters based on AOTFs     

Polarization-independent low-crosstalk polymeric AWG-based tunablefilter operating around 1.55 μm

A wavelength tunable optical filter is a beneficial optical component for dense wavelength-division-multiplexed systems. We report a high-performance polymeric arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG)-based tunable filter made of cross-linked silicone and operating around 1.55 μm. This filter exhibited a TE-TM polarization shift of <0.03, a crosstalk of <-35 dB, an insertion loss of <3 dB, and an 8.8-nm tuning range in the 25°C-75°C temperature region     

Integrated TE-TM mode converter on Y-cutZ-propagating LiNbO3 with an electrooptic phasematching for coherence multiplexing

The use of an integrated TE-TM mode converter as a coherence multiplexer is described. The component is based on a buried waveguide obtained by proton exchange and postannealing. The electrode structure consists of three electrodes. Two are used to achieve TE-TM conversion, and the third is used to perform phase matching to ensure a high conversion efficiency     

Integrated waveguide modulator using a LiNbO3TE&rlarr2;TM convertor for electrooptic coherence modulation of light

The authors report a wavelength independent TE-TM mode convertor used as a waveguide electrooptic modulator in a coherence modulated system. The modulation voltages thus obtained (20 V) are about 10 times lower than those previously reported in earlier coherence modulated devices. The modulator is a strip waveguide fabricated on Y-cut Z-propagation, Ti-indiffused LiNbO₃. When used in conjunction with a birefringent plate and polarizers, the modulator is shown to imprint on light a signal encoded into an optical delay greater than the source coherence length. Demonstration of the device is reported using a highly multimode laser diode at 820 nm     

Polarization independent guided-wave optical modulators and switches

New low-voltage designs for polarization-independent interferometric optical modulators and coupled waveguide switches are described. Operation of these devices is based on TE-TM mode coupling via off-diagonal elements of the electrooptic tensor. Using a coupled mode analysis, it is shown that the refractive index change-length product is the same as for single-polarization modulators and switches which utilize diagonal electrooptic tensor elements. It is estimated that the use of TE-TM coupling can reduce the voltage-length product for polarization independent operation by a factor of 2 in LiNbO3and a factor of 2.9 in LiTaO3.     

一种新颖结构紧凑的AWG器件

给出一种基于SOI材料结构紧凑的新颖AWG器件,它是将一个全内反射波导镜插入原波导阵列中间,并且利用全内反射时产生的相位差进行TE、TM模偏振补偿的方法,该器件具有尺寸小、制作工艺简单等特点.同时,给出一些实验结果,实验结果证实这种结构的AWG器件是可行的.     

Design feasibility of a single-mode optical isolator

Isolator conditions are derived by a perturbation method for optical slab isolators in which magnetooptical crystal and anisotropic dielectric crystal films are integrated for reciprocal and non-reciprocal TE-TM mode conversion functions. The general expressions show that isolator conditions can be satisfied for any combination of wavelength, normalized frequency, waveguide thickness, and gyrotropic constant of the magnetooptical crystal by appropriate choice of the magnitude of the birefringence of the top layer film and its crystal orientation angle. Design examples of single-mode isolators with waveguide thicknesses of 4, 4.5, and 5 μm are given at 1.55 μm wavelength. It is also pointed out that isolators of the above design can be fabricated with Y3Fe5O12, Y1.5Gd1.5Fe3O12, and Tm3Fe5O12crystal films as magnetooptical materials and a solid solution of LiNbO3and LiTaO3as an anisotropic film. Tolerance in the required film thickness becomes less stringent with this design. Isolation of more than 20 dB with an insertion loss of less than 0.12 dB is feasible without any parameter adjustment, even when there is as much as a ten percent deviation in the film thickness.     

Polarization independent guided-wave optical modulators and switches

New low-voltage designs for polarization-independent interferometric optical modulators and coupled waveguide switches are described. Operation of these devices is based on TE-TM mode coupling via off-diagonal elements of the electrooptic tensor. Using a coupled mode analysis, it is shown that the refractive index change-length product is the same as for single-polarization modulators and switches which utilize diagonal electrooptic tensor elements. It is estimated that the use of TE-TM coupling can reduce the voltage-length product for polarization independent operation by a factor of 2 in LiNbO3and a factor of 2.9 in LiTaO3.