Cl~-对不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响

采用循状阳极极化,交流阻抗和动电位扫描技术研究了模拟循环冷却水中氯离子对304L不锈钢耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:随着氯离子浓度增大,不锈钢的点蚀电位Eb降低;循环阳极极化曲线上的保护电位与击穿电位的差值的大小反应了不锈钢钝化膜自我修复的能力的强弱,差值越小不锈钢表面钝化膜的修复功能越强即钝化膜的性能;从交流阻抗图谱得到的不锈钢电荷转移电阻值随氯离子浓度增大而降低。     

碳钢在含硫水溶液中的电化学行为

采用稳态极化曲线法研究了20#碳钢在硫化钠水溶液中的电化学行为。结果表明：随着硫化钠含量的增大，腐蚀速率先增大后降低，硫化钠质量分数为2％时腐蚀速率最大；当硫化钠质量分数大于1％时，碳钢电极表面经阳极极化可以生成钝化膜；随着添加的氨水浓度的增加，加剧了碳钢的腐蚀；SO42-的添加，碳钢在硫化钠水溶液中的腐蚀速率基本没影响；随着C1-浓度的增加，碳钢在硫化钠水溶液中的腐蚀速率增大；同时，C1-可以阻止碳钢电极表面钝化性能。     

杯芳烃修饰主客体化学传感器研究--对甲酚的测定

以C-十-烷基间苯二酚杯(6)芳烃作为主体分子,修饰于玻碳电极上,制成的一种主客体化学传感器.并用其对溶液中的客体分子--对甲酚进行测定.该电极具有良好的选择性,对5.0×10-5～2.0×10-3mol·L-1的对甲酚具有很好的线性响应.检测下限为3.0×10-5mol·L-1.同时,对修饰前后玻碳电极的表面状态进行了研究.     

碘离子选择电极测定果蔬、药剂中Vc含量

提出用碘离子选择电极测定维生素C与碘在乙醇溶液中发生氧化还原反应时定量释放出游离碘离子溶液中的电位以测定样品中Vc含量的方法。在 0 .1mol·L- 1 KNO3,pH =2 .0～ 6 .0溶液中 ,维生素C的浓度对数值在 10 - 5～ 10 - 1 mol L范围内与电位显示良好的线性关系 ,检测下限为 5×10 - 6 mol L ,回归方程为 ,相关系数为 ,回收率为 92 %～ 10 3% ,相对标准偏差为 2 .3% ,能满足食品、制药及营养研究等行业对Vc的测定。     

模拟循环冷却水中几种离子对碳钢腐蚀的影响

采用极化曲线和交流阻抗方法研究了模拟循环冷却水中的氯离子、硫酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子及钙离子等对碳钢腐蚀的影响.实验结果表明,氯离子对于碳钢腐蚀具有明显的促进作用,在含有氯离子的溶液中加入硫酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子或钙离子时,碳钢腐蚀加剧.而在含氯离子和碳酸氢根离子的溶液中加入钙离子时分为两种情况,当钙离子质量浓度较低时,...     

热水封孔对镁合金阳极氧化膜耐蚀性能的影响

在100g·L-1硼酸盐,50g·L-1铝酸盐,30g·L-1氢氧化物,恒压50V,阳极氧化时间10min的阳极氧化工艺中,制备AD91镁合金阳极氧化膜.研究热水封孔前后阳极氧化膜层的微观结构及耐腐蚀性能.通过扫描电镜(SEM)和极化曲线分别研究了AD91镁合金阳极氧化膜的表面形貌和耐蚀性.结果表明:封孔温度在70℃,时间为10min时,氧化膜层均匀、致密,孔径明显减小;此时阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性也达到了最好.从极化曲线可以看出,腐蚀电位Ecorr为-0.582V,腐蚀电流密度icorr为4.586uA·cm-2,极化电阻Rp为12926.lohm·cm-2.     

铈(Ⅳ)-吐温-40-间苯三酚化学发光体系的研究及其应用

基于在吐温 4 0存在下 ,间苯三酚与铈 (Ⅳ )在酸性介质中发生化学发光反应 ,建立了测定间苯三酚化学发光分析法 ,该法测定间苯三酚的线性范围为 5 0× 10 -8～ 5 0× 10 -5mol·L-1,检出限为 1 0×10 -8mol·L-1,相对标准偏差为 2 8% (5 0× 10 -6mol·L-1邻苯二酚 ,n =11)。该法应用于测定模拟水样的间苯三酚 ,结果令人满意。     

分光光度法测定微量表面活性剂在油/水体系中的分配系数

测定微量阴离子表面活性剂浓度的分光光度法被推广到测定油相中的微量阴离子表面活性剂浓度,进而用于表面活性剂在油/水体系中分配系数的测定.两种情形下氯仿层的吸光度只取决于测量体系中自由阳离子表面活性剂的浓度,因此可用单一阳离子的标准曲线作工作方程.用该法测定油相和水相中的阴离子表面活性剂浓度,工作方程斜率不同,测量下限分别可达2.5×10-5 mol·L-1和1×10-6mol·L-1.     

表面粗糙度对X70碳钢在HNO_3溶液中阳极溶解行为的影响

采用动电位极化和恒电位极化技术研究了表面粗糙度对X70碳钢在0.5 mol/L HNO_3溶液中的阳极溶解行为产生的影响。X70碳钢在0.5 mol/L HNO3溶液中发生阳极溶解时有电流振荡现象出现,振荡是由电极表面膜的周期性生成和溶解导致的。通过分析不同表面粗糙度时的电流振荡,得出结论:表面比较粗糙时,电极难以钝化,阳极溶解比较剧烈;相反,表面非常光滑时,电极容易钝化,阳极溶解比较轻微。     

电化学法制备纳米TiO_2聚邻甲苯胺复合膜

用 3mol·L- 1 酸作为介质 ,扫描速度为 10 0mV·s- 1 ,扫描电位为 - 0 1～ 0 8V ,用循环伏安法在纳米二氧化钛 (Nano TiO2 )膜电极上实现了邻甲苯胺 (o MA)的电化学聚合 ,并对制得Nano TiO2 聚邻甲苯胺 (P -o MA)复合膜的电化学性质进行了研究。结果表明 :在峰电位 (Ep)为 0 .5 6V处有一个明显的氧化峰 ,在Ep 为 0 .5 8、0 .30和 - 0 .0 4V处分别有一个还原峰 ,经长时间扫描 ,氧化峰电流可达到 5 0A·dm- 2 以上 ,具有工业应用价值。同时实验也表明 ,复合膜的生成、Ip 和Ep 的大小受溶液浓度、扫描速度 (v)以及扫描电位的影响     

镀锌层单宁酸钝化膜的耐蚀性

为提高镀锌层的耐蚀性,以氟钛酸钾、双氧水、硝酸为辅助成分,制备了单宁酸钝化液,并对低碳钢上的碱性镀锌层进行了钝化处理.通过质量分数为5%的NaCl溶液浸泡试验,确定了最佳钝化液组成和钝化工艺条件为:单宁酸40 g/L,HNO3 5 mL/L,氟钛酸钾10g/L,H2O2 60 mL/L,温度25℃,时间20～30 s....     

Spontaneous passivation observations during scale formation on mild steel in CO2 brines

Previous study revealed localized corrosion in CO₂ environments was driven by a galvanic cell established between pit surfaces and scaled surrounding area. In order to underpin the understanding of the galvanic mechanism of localized corrosion, the root cause of potential differences between these two surfaces, passivation of mild steel, in CO₂ environments was investigated using transmission electron microscopy technique and electrochemical techniques including potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic polarization and open circuit potential techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments showed that the passivation of the carbon steel surface favorably occurred at pH > 7 and facilitated with the presence of FeCO₃ scale. Cyclic polarization tests showed that polarization rate had an important influence on passivation behavior. At a slower polarization rate, lower passivation potential and current density were observed. Spontaneous passivation was evidenced by a significant increase of corrosion resistance and an open circuit potential without any externally applied current or potential during electrode immersion. This process is affected by pH, temperature, presence of CO₂ and iron carbonate. Nevertheless, iron carbonate film is not the only one responsible for passivation, as demonstrated from depassivation tests where passivity was lost without losing the existing iron carbonate film. Transmission electron microscopy technique was used to determine the structure of the passive layer. An extra phase, most likely magnetite, was observed to be beneath the iron carbonate scale and at the crystal grain boundaries which passivated the mild steel.     

X70管线钢在CO2-3/HCO-3体系中表面膜性能研究

The electrochemical behavior of X70 pipeline steel in (0.5mol·L-1 Na2CO3+1 mol·L-1 NaHCO3) solution was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the composition and microstructure of the surface film. The results showed that there were two anodic peaks at -600 mV and -350 mV. The surface film formed at -600 mV mainly consisted of ferrous carbonates and ferrous hydroxycarbonates. It had a small reaction resistance. It was metastable and possessed poor protective property. Numerous pits and microcracks existed on the film, which could be the active paths for the initiation of stress corrosion cracking. The surface film formed at -350 mV, mainly consisted of ferric oxides. It has high reaction resistance and offered good protection for the substrate.     

血红蛋白作催化剂茜素蓝S褪色法测定过氧化氢

H2O2能够氧化茜素蓝S使之褪色,而模拟酶——血红蛋白对其具有催化作用。据此建立了一种以茜素蓝S为指示剂的过氧化氢——茜素蓝S——血红蛋白酶催化反应体系测定痕量H2O2的新方法。研究了反应的最佳条件,体系的酸度为pH=10.1的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液,最大吸收波长为580nm。该法的线性范围为2.0×10-7~7.5×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.3×10-8mol/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.7×104L/(mol·cm)。该方法可用于雨水及消毒水中H2O2的测定。结果今人满意。该方法简单、灵敏、选择性好,易于操作。     

Experimental and computational chemical studies on the cationic furanylnicotinamidines as novel corrosion inhibitors in aqueous solutions

The corrosion inhibition action of three newly synthesized furanylnicotinamidine derivatives namely: 6-[5-{4(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1256), 6-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1266), and 6-[5-{4-(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinonitrile(MA-1250) on carbon steel(C-steel) was investigated in 1.0 mol·L~(-1) HCl solution by weight loss(WL), potentiodynamic polarization(PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and electrochemical frequency modulation(EFM)techniques. Morphological analysis was performed on the uninhibited and inhibited C-steel using atomic force microscope(AFM) and Infrared Spectroscopy(ATR-IR) methods. The effect of temperature was studied and discussed. Inspection of experimental results revealed that the inhibition efficiency(IE) increases with the incremental addition of inhibitors and with elevating the temperature of the acid media. The adsorption of furanylnicotinamidine derivatives on C-steel follows Temkin's isotherm. PP studies indicated that the investigated compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors and showed that p-dimethylaminophenyl furanylnicotinamidine derivative(MA-1256) was the most efficient inhibitor among the other studied derivatives with IE reached(95%)at 21 × 10~(-6) mol·L~(-1). MA-1266 is highly soluble in aqueous solution and has non-toxicity profile with LC50 N 37 mg·L~(-1). Thus, MA-1266 can be a promising green corrosion inhibitor candidate with IE N 91% at 21× 10~(-6) mol·L~(-1). The experiments were coupled with computational chemical theories such as quantum chemical and molecular dynamic methods. The experimental results were in good agreement with the computational outputs.     

The electrochemistry of 13% chromium stainless steel in oilfield brines

The electrochemistry of a 13% Cr stainless steel (API5CT L80-13Cr) in 3% NaCl containing acetate and either acetic acid or carbon dioxide at 333 K is explored using RDE voltammetry. The reduction of proton, carbonic acid and acetic acid occur simultaneously, immediately negative to the corrosion potential. Acetic acid gives a well formed reduction wave and the current densities increase with the equilibrium concentration of acetic acid in the medium; in the plateau region, the reduction is mass transport controlled. Despite this reduction process, the corrosion resistance and passivation current density are independent of the acetic acid concentration. It is confirmed that the 13% Cr stainless steel is much more resistant to corrosion that X65 carbon steel and, unlike the carbon steel, its rate of corrosion does not vary with acetic acid concentration. The properties of the passivating film appear to dominate the behaviour of the 13% Cr stainless steel.     

改性木素磺酸盐GCL2-D1缓蚀阻垢性能研究

采用旋转挂片失重法、电化学极化法以及鼓泡法综合评价了改性木素磺酸盐GCL2-D1的缓蚀阻垢性能。结果表明,GCL2-D1的缓蚀阻垢性能比未改性的木素磺酸盐均有大幅度提高。当质量浓度为50mg·L-1时,GCL2-D1对20#碳钢的缓蚀率可达95%;当质量浓度大于8mg·L-1时,GCL2-D1的阻垢率大于95%。通过对比发现,GCL2-D1的缓蚀和阻垢性能比有机膦缓蚀阻垢剂HEDP好。文中还初步探讨了GCL2-D1的缓蚀阻垢作用机理,GCL2-D1属于混合型缓蚀剂,主要通过在金属表面吸附成膜实现缓蚀作用,其阻垢机理包括络合增溶、分散作用和晶格畸变。     

塑性变形对AISI304不锈钢组织及耐蚀性的影响

AISI304不锈钢分别在加热180 ℃和低温-70 ℃条件下进行拉伸变形。采用透射电镜观测位错分布,利用铁素体测量仪测定马氏体相(铁磁相)含量,并通过电化学滞后技术分别研究它们在50 ℃条件下0.5 mol·L^-1 MgCl₂水溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明：加热180 ℃和低温-70 ℃条件下塑性变形均使AISI304不锈钢中位错密度随变形量增大而增加,AISI304不锈钢在-70 ℃条件下塑性变形时部分奥氏体相转变为马氏体相,而在180 ℃条件下塑性变形时不发生马氏体相变;位错密度的增加使AISI304不锈钢钝化膜的击穿电位略微正移,而马氏体相的增加使击穿电位呈负移趋势,材料耐孔蚀性能降低.     

The performance of activated carbon/NiFe2O4 magnetic composite to retain heavy metal ions from aqueous solution

A novel magnetic activated carbon composite(AC/NiF) was synthesized by a precipitation method and applied in retention of Cu(Ⅱ),and Zn(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions.The impact of different sorption parameters such as:equilibration time,solution pH value,competing cations and ionic strength on the amount sorbed of Cu(Ⅱ),and Zn(Ⅱ) was clarified.Results illustrated that the magnetic composite had retention ability towards both metal ions significantly higher than that of activated carbon(AC).The magnetic composite exhibited an affinity to adsorb Cu(Ⅱ) higher than Zn(Ⅱ) ions.The maximum sorption capacities(Q_(max)) of the applied magnetic composite(AC/NiF)towards Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) were 105.8 and 75.1 mg·g~(-1),respectively.Retention of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) was proposed to be achieved though an ion exchange and surface adsorption in neutral conditions,while precipitation was believed to be the relevant mechanism in their removal from basic solutions.The kinetic studies showed that sorption process followed the kinetics of pseudo-second-order reactions with rate constant of 3 × 10~(-3) and 2 × 10~(-3) min~(-1)for sorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) onto AC/NiF composite.Removal of Cu(Ⅱ) slightly decreased with increasing the ionic strength of aqueous solution,using NaCl as a background electrolyte.In contrast,presence of Mn(Ⅱ),Mg(Ⅱ)and Co(Ⅱ) in reaction solutions highly depressed the sorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) with a competing efficiency followed the order:Mg(Ⅱ) Mn(Ⅱ) Co(Ⅱ).The magnetic composite was rapidly recovered from aqueous solution by an external magnetic field,and effectively regenerated using 0.1 mol L~(-1) HCl and 0.1 mol L~(-1) FeCl_3 as eluents.Sorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) onto the surface of AC/NiF composite occurred via a spontaneous reaction.And thermodynamically favorable process had ΔH~o values of 30.9 kJ·mol~(-1) and 19.7 kJ·mol~(-1),respectively.The results confirm that the magnetic composite can be viewed as a promising novel composite opens new opportunities for the attainment of required adsorption and operative magnetic separation.