CCN中基于内容流行度和节点重要度的缓存设计

随着网络流量的急剧增长,现有的IP体系架构难以满足用户不断增长的需求。CCN成为未来网络研究的热点,其最大的特点是网络节点的处处缓存,所以为CCN设计一种高效的缓存机制显得尤为重要。针对CCN中现有的缓存机制存在一些问题,提出了一种基于内容收益的内容流行度和节点重要度PBCS的缓存方案。在请求次数满足收益标准的前提下,进行内容流行度与节点重要度的匹配,得到符合要求的缓存节点。仿真结果表明,该方案提高了内容的节点命中率,缩短了获取内容的平均跳数。     

内容中心网络中一种改进型缓存机制

内容中心网络( CCN)作为一种主要的未来网络架构,以命名的内容作为网内的主要元素之一,在网络研究中受到广泛关注。针对已有的CCN缓存方案内容副本替换严重的问题,提出一种内容热门度与节点中介中心度约束的缓存机制PopBetw。在基于节点中心度的基础上,从内容本身的属性热门度出发,避免非热门内容的不必要缓存,降低每个节点的缓存负荷,提高网络缓存性能。仿真结果表明,通过评估缓存大小和内容热门度对缓存性能的影响,PopBetw缓存策略可取得比LCE,LCPro和EgoBetw方案更高的缓存命中率和更小的路径延展度,明显降低网内缓存替换数量,有效减少网内节点中介中心性较大节点群的缓存替换数,达到整体性能最优化。     

内容中心网络中基于用户偏好的协作缓存策略

针对内容中心网络（CCN）中节点默认缓存所有经过的内容,未能实现对内容选择性缓存与最佳放置的问题,提出一种基于用户偏好的协作缓存策略（CCUP）。首先,考虑用户对内容类型的喜好和内容流行度作为用户本地偏好度指标,实现缓存内容的选择;然后,对需要缓存内容执行差异化缓存策略,全局活跃的内容则缓存在重要的中心节点,非活跃内容则按本地偏好度与节点同用户距离层级匹配缓存;最后,实现用户对本地偏好内容的就近获取和全局活跃内容的快速分发。仿真结果表明,相比典型缓存策略（LCE、Prob（0.6）、Betw）,CCUP在平均缓存命中率和平均请求时延方面有明显优势。     

内容中心网络中基于节点相似度的协作缓存算法

针对内容中心网络中ALWAYS缓存策略节点存储空间利用率低、内容访问时延大、整体网络缓存性能低下的问题,提出了一种依据节点相似度的协作缓存算法。该算法优先将兴趣包转发至最相似节点,增大相关请求的就近响应概率;同时保证在缓存决策中的同一副本在协作节点间不重复存储,在降低冗余的同时增加了缓存多样性。实验结果表明,与现有算法相比,该算法在减少路由跳数和请求时延的同时提高了缓存命中率。     

一种基于逗留时间的新型内容中心网络缓存策略

内容中心网络(Content-Centric Networking,CCN)作为一种以内容为中心进行路由、缓存的新型未来网络体系架构受到了广泛的关注.在CCN中,关键技术问题之一是网络缓存问题,现有方案主要采用ALWAYS-LRU缓存策略,然而该策略容易出现相邻节点重复缓存的问题,使得网络整体缓存效率较低.针对这一问题,文中提出了一种基于逗留时间的新型缓存决定策略,设计了一种适用于CCN的合作缓存机制.在请求泊松到达的假设下,通过在单个缓存器对LRU(Least Recently Used)替换策略使用马尔可夫链建模,该文得到了内容在各缓存器平均逗留时间的近似计算公式.数值仿真结果显示,该方案相比传统缓存策略,有效地提升了网络缓存的效率和缓存内容的多样性,进而减少了用户请求服务的总跳数,增加了内容访问的命中率.     

一种基于内容流行度和社团重要度的ICN缓存与替换策略

现有以信息为中心的网络(Information-Centric Network,ICN)缓存的内容的时空分布不够合理,存在无效缓存及同质化缓存等问题。对此,文中提出一种基于内容流行度和社团重要度的ICN缓存与替换策略,其结合内容流行度与节点的社团重要度来选择缓存节点,把具有不同流行度的内容分散缓存在社团重要度不同的节点上,使缓存内容的空间分布趋于合理,从而增加了缓存内容的多样性。同时,基于社团局部流行度来替换缓存内容的策略更有利于优化缓存内容的时间分布,实现缓存内容空间分布的动态调整。实验结果表明,所提策略能有效地减少用户请求的平均响应时间,提高缓存对象的命中率和全网的缓存差异度。     

CCN中基于业务分类和节点分区的混合缓存机制

针对内容中心网络(content centric networking,CCN)中不同业务内容的合理放置问题,提出了一种基于业务分类和节点分区的混合缓存机制。根据不同的业务特征,设计了差异化的缓存策略。对于流媒体点播业务,采用基于流行度的推拉式缓存,实现其在边缘网络的按序存储;对于非流媒体共享内容,采用基于hash的显式缓存,实现其在核心网络的单一副本放置。仿真结果表明,与经典算法相比,该机制提高了缓存命中率和跳数减少率,降低了平均请求时延。     

CCN中基于邻居协作的多态蚁群路由算法

内容中心网络是一种全新的网络体系结构,通过内容名字进行寻址和路由。然而,现有经典蚁群优化算法收敛速度慢、不能充分利用节点缓存,提出一种新的基于邻居协作的多态蚁群路由算法。在CCN上添加一个含有三种状态蚂蚁的覆盖层,通过节点信息素的动态变化来实时控制各种状态蚂蚁的转发概率;用户请求路由过程中,针对“高流行度”和“低流行度”的内容执行差异化邻居缓存探索策略,在引入少量网络开销的前提下实现兴趣包的快速应答。仿真结果表明,所提出的算法在加快收敛速度、降低内容请求时延和减小阻塞率等方面有较好的表现。     

一种空间信息网络缓存决策策略

针对空间信息网络（space information network,SIN）中卫星节点缓存容量有限,且卫星高速移动使得星间链路时变,导致地面用户内容访问延迟增大的问题,提出一种基于人工蜂群算法的空间信息网络缓存决策策略（satellite improved artificial bee colony,SIABC）。首先根据低轨卫星节点链路切换的周期性和可预知性,建立网络分区模型,对空间信息网络的卫星节点进行分区,在此基础上,建立区域节点协作缓存模型,使得整个网络区域内的卫星节点有选择性地缓存不同流行度的内容,同时兼顾区域内节点的协作缓存,从而流行度高的内容缓存在网络边缘。仿真结果表明,与现有缓存机制相比,该缓存策略能够明显提高内容的平均缓存命中率,并显著降低用户的内容访问时延。     

内容中心网络中基于多样化存储的缓存污染防御机制

针对内容中心网络(CCN)中的缓存污染攻击问题,提出一种基于多样化存储的缓存污染防御机制。对不同业务内容采取差异化缓存从而减小网络受攻击面,将业务划分为三类并采用不同缓存策略:对隐私及实时性业务不予缓存;对流媒体业务以概率推送至网络边缘缓存;对其他文件类内容业务由上游到边缘逐步推送缓存。在不同节点分别配置不同的缓存污染攻击防御手段:对于边缘节点通过内容请求到达概率的变化对攻击进行检测;对于上游节点通过设置过滤规则将请求概率较低的内容排除出缓存空间。仿真结果表明,相比CNN传统缓存策略下的防御效果,该机制使网络平均缓存命中率提高了17.3%,该机制能够有效提升网络对于缓存污染攻击的防御能力。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。