纯棉精漂工艺的改进

纯棉精漂工艺的改进王尉坤，杨振华南京化工学校南通海林针织厂南通海林针织厂纯棉精漂工艺，一直采用碱煮→氯漂→氧漂→复漂。该工艺流程较复杂，生产率低，劳动强度大，且产品质量难以控制。近年来，新型煮炼剂不断出现，须谨慎选择。对南京化工学校科技开发部研制的煮...     

次氯酸钠漂液制备方法的改进

在制漂槽中安装液氯气化管代替液氯气化器、缓冲罐，简化制漂工艺；用喷射器加强吸收及反应，提高氯的利用率，以及采取降低能耗、减少分解等措施，对现有制漂方法加以改进。     

洗衣房专用氧漂剂和氯漂剂的研制

介绍了洗衣房专用氧漂剂和氯漂剂的性能特点、配方设计、试验过程及最终配方确定等问题,洗衣房专用氧漂剂和氯漂剂的各项指标达到了新产品的开发目标。     

单水合过硼酸钠的制备及其在彩漂洗衣粉中的应用

研究了一种新型漂白剂──单水合过硼酸钠的制备方法，并使用三种漂白剂分别配制彩漂洗衣粉进行去污力比较，最后选择出理想的漂白剂。     

全棉筒子纱氧漂工艺的生产实践

为提高漂白全棉筒子纱的白度、强力、毛效等指标,在生产中探讨了水质、过氧化氢用量、漂液pH值、氧漂温度、氧漂时间对筒子纱性能的影响,得出了全棉筒子纱的最佳氧漂工艺。其中27%双氧水浓度12～13 g/L,pH值10.5～11.5之间,氧漂温度与时间控制98±2℃,55分钟。在此工艺下,全棉筒子纱的白度、强力、毛效获得最佳协同效果,可满足客户要求。     

浅谈彩漂洗涤剂的性能特点及发展趋势

主要介绍了彩漂洗涤剂的概念、形式及常用的漂白剂种类,重点介绍了彩漂洗涤剂的性能特点及发展趋势。     

一类新型低温氧漂促进剂AOBS促漂性能的研究

对合成的一类新型低温氧漂促进剂烷酰氧苯磺酸盐（ＡＯＢＳ）的促漂性能进行了试验。考察了过硼酸钠（ＰＢ）／ＡＯＢＳ对模拟可漂性物质亚甲兰的漂白效果，研究了时间、ｐＨ范围，漂白剂及漂白促进剂浓度对亚甲兰漂白力的影响，得到了对亚甲兰漂白反应的动力学方程，还对普通碳黑污市和特制茶污布进行了去污／漂白试验。实验结果表明，由壬酸，癸酸和椰油酸衍生的ＡＯＢＳ均有很好的低温促漂作用，加入０．０７５％ＰＢ和０．０１５     

电化学法制备氯漂液在纺织染整中的应用研究

采用电化学法制备了次氯酸钠漂液，考察了该法制备的漂液对织物的漂白能力，结果发现电化学法氯漂液的漂白明显高于普通的次氯酸钠漂液，并且其漂白后的织物的各项指标也优于使用普通的次氯酸钠漂白液。     

纸浆氯漂废水的生物治理

氯漂废水含有大量的有机氯化物,对环境造成极大的危害。国际上对氯源废水的生物处理进行了一系列研究。综述了白腐菌用于处理氯漂废水时,降低废水色度、有机氧化物含量、化学需氧量（COD）及生物需氧量（BOD）的作用。     

新型光漂剂的漂白性能研究

研究了一类新型光漂剂———磺酸基卤素铝酞菁的去污漂白性能。从不同试验中得到该类光漂剂在常温日光条件下对酒渍、茶渍、咖啡渍等顽渍具有很好的去污漂白作用,去污值分别可提高10.8%、12.5%及15.9%。通过与过硼酸钠及过碳酸钠的去污对比试验,突出了该类光漂剂在温和条件下即具有很好的漂白性能,有望代替传统漂白剂。与洗涤剂中的荧光增白剂有相互增效作用,洗涤剂中盐类能改善光漂剂的性能。通过它的光降解试验,初步表明该类光漂剂易于光降解。     

响应曲面法漂白紫胶微波-真空干燥工艺研究

为提高漂白紫胶产品质量及生产效率,采用微波-真空干燥漂白紫胶研究了不同压强、微波功率和干燥时间对漂白紫胶产品颜色指数和含水率的影响,用响应曲面法（RSM）设计试验并建立了该工艺条件的拟合方程。结果表明,拟合方程的拟合度较高,所建立的数学模型可以用于描述漂白紫胶的微波-真空干燥。漂白紫胶微波-真空干燥的最优条件：干燥压强为3.0 kPa,微波功率为795 W,干燥时间为30 min。在优化条件下进行了验证实验,得到了颜色指数为0.9、含水率为0.028 9kg水/kg干料的产品。     

Totally chlorine‐free bleaching of Acetosolv pulps: a clean approach to dissolving pulp manufacture

Eucalyptus globulus wood samples were delignified in media containing concentrated acetic acid, water and hydrochloric acid (Acetosolv process) under optimized conditions, and the pulps were subjected to totally chlorine‐free (TCF) bleaching. Alkaline extractions, oxygen delignification, ozone treatment, enzymatic xylan removal and hydrogen peroxide oxidation in alkaline media were investigated as individual steps in selected bleaching sequences. Under the best conditions, fully bleached pulps with favourable characteristics for dissolving pulp manufacture were obtained. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of Totally Chlorine Free and Elemental Chlorine Free Sequences on Whole Stem Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Pulp Characteristics

Totally chlorine free (TCF) and elemental chlorine free (ECF) single and multistage sequences were used to bleach whole stem kenaf pulp. The results indicated that in contrast to unbleached kraft wood pulps, kraft kenaf pulps can be easily bleached to a brightness of 91.4% using a four-stage TCF [Q₁(PO)Q₂P] bleaching sequence. The ECF bleaching pulps had slightly higher selectivity and yield than those of the TCF bleached pulps. The strength properties of the TCF [Q₁(PO)Q₂P] and ECF (D₁ED₂EP) bleached pulps were comparable, with the exception of tear index and tensile index, which were slightly higher and lower for TCF pulps, respectively.     

二氧化氯的漂白及制备方法

我国大多数造纸厂生产漂白纸浆均采用含氯漂白技术,应用这些漂白剂漂白后的纸浆废液中含有很多的有毒甚至剧毒的有机氯化合物。本文介绍的二氧化氯是一种新的对环境污染少、对纸张漂白效果好、不影响纸张质量的漂白剂。阐述二氧化氯用于纸浆漂白原理及其优势,介绍二氧化氯的几种常见制备方法。     

杨水漂白浆和未漂浆水解反应动力学的研究

本文研究了木素含量为0．23％山杨漂白浆和1．05％速生杨未漂浆稀酸低温多相水解降解反应动力学特性。研究结果表明,该过程与棉浆、桦木和针叶材浆具有类似的特点,即纤维素多相水解过程分为快速降解和缓慢降解两个明显的阶段,而最终降至极限聚合度（山杨漂白浆为180,速生杨未漂浆为206）。根据试验数据计算了反应速度常数,山杨漂白浆为KAB＝2.5×10-4／min,速生杨未漂浆为KPu＝1．6×10－4／min,前者明显高于后者。随着水解时间的延长,水解残渣得率下降,其最终结果为83％～84％。     

Simulating the impact of kraft pulping and bleaching parameters on Eucalyptus camaldulensis pulp properties using MATLAB

In this work, Eucalyptus camaldulensis was evaluated as the raw material for chemical pulp under different pulping and bleaching conditions. The pulping was carried out at different H‐factors, and at different effective alkalis. The resulting pulps were then oxygen delignified and bleached using various dosages of bleaching chemicals in a D₀EpD₁ sequence. The effect of independent variables (pulping or bleaching variables) on dependent variables (pulp properties) was analysed based on the multivariable least square method via MATLAB software. An agreement was found between the results predicted from the models and the experimental data. To obtain a kappa number of 15, the optimum pulping conditions were a temperature of 155°C, a time of 225 min, and an EA of 23%. Also, the hexenuronic acid (HexA) content of cooked pulp was significantly decreased in the chlorine dioxide bleaching stages, and was only marginally related to the final HexA content of bleached pulps.     

含氧系彩漂液洗剂的开发与应用

概述了彩漂液洗剂的发展现状及产品的研制过程,其中对所选用非离子表面活性剂的复配与自制的助洗剂的配伍性进行了科学筛选与测试,使产品性能优异,应用效果显著。     

Organochlorine Formation in Tertiary Amine Catalyzed Pulp Bleaching

An oxygen delignified eucalyptus kraft pulp was bleached by applying a catalytic amount of a tertiary amine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, and hypochlorous acid at varying pH, temperature, and time. The bleaching filtrate was analyzed for chloroform and AOX and the pulp for residual lignin, hexenuronic acid, and OX. In comparison with chlorine dioxide bleaching, the novel catalytic bleaching (pH < 6) generated only traces of chloroform and low contents of AOX and OX. Separate catalytic oxidations of authentic hexenuronic acid showed that it was a major precursor of chloroform. The results demonstrate a practical way to reduce organochlorine formation in pulp bleaching and provide new understanding on the reaction pathways that yield chloroform.     

麦草浆二氧化氯与氧气脱木素效率及相应漂白流程的对比

对麦草浆二氧化氯与氧气脱木素效率及相应的漂白流程进行了对比研究。结果表明,ClO2脱木素(D0)对木素的修饰和改性效果好于氧脱木素(O),在脱木素率低于及接近氧脱木素率的条件下,D0浆的可漂性均大于O浆。在D0段和O段脱木素率相同的条件下,采用D0A/QP、D0EP漂白流程漂后纸浆白度分别比OA/QP漂白流程高11.2和10.3个百分点。D0段废液和相应D0A/QP漂白流程三段混合废水的CODCr负荷均比O段和OA/QP漂白流程混合废水的CODCr负荷轻。D0段和O段废液的紫外光谱都呈现出木素苯环的特征吸收。纸浆的FT-IR谱图分析表明,D0浆和O浆中的羟基和羰基数量增多,随着漂白的进行,羰基等主要发色基团逐渐消除,纸浆白度得到提高。纸浆纤维形态的SEM分析显示,D0段和相应的D0A/QP漂白流程对纤维表面的破坏和损伤较O段和相应的OA/QP漂白流程轻。     

The final bleaching of eucalypt kraft pulps with hydrogen peroxide: relationship with industrial ECF bleaching history and cellulose degradation

BACKGROUND: The process of chemical pulp bleaching is based for the most part in chlorine dioxide within elemental chlorine free (ECF) technologies. The use of greener alternatives such as bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (P stage) is not widely used owing to selectivity concerns related to transition metal‐catalyzed decomposition reactions. Even at the final stage where peroxide is recognized to boost brightness and improve the brightness stability of the bleached pulp, cellulose degradation often overcomes these advantages. This paper presents the results of studies intended to optimize final peroxide bleaching performance considering two standard ECF industrial bleaching sequences: the conventional DED and the ECF‐light OQ(PO)D (stages name: D—chlorine dioxide; E—alkaline extraction; O—oxygen; Q—chelation, (PO)—hydrogen peroxide pressurized with oxygen). RESULTS: The addition of sodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) was the most effective option in terms of DED pulp bleachability and selectivity with hydrogen peroxide, as well as in terms of brightness reversion. As regards the OQ(PO)D pulp, a blend of DTPA and magnesium was the most beneficial in those properties. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of the best hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, among the different tested combinations of magnesium and chelants (EDTA and DTPA) studied, in terms of pulp bleachability, bleaching selectivity and brightness reversion is dependent on the impact of the previous bleaching stages on metallic nature and content. The pulp Mg/(Fe + Cu) ratio was highlighted as a process parameter controlling cellulose degradation in peroxide bleaching. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry