缬沙坦联合卡维地洛对心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的观察缬沙坦联合卡维地洛对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法将57例慢性充血性心力衰竭患者随机分成两组。对照组给予常规治疗;研究组在此基础上加用缬沙坦和卡维地洛。比较两组治疗前后心率、收缩压、症状评分、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）和左心室射血分数（LVEF）。结果对照组治疗后心率显著下降,LVEF显著改善（P〈0.05）;研究组治疗后心率、收缩压、症状评分、LVEDD、LVESD等指标值均显著下降（P〈0.05）,LVEF亦显著改善（P〈0.05）,且与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论缬沙坦联合卡维地洛能有效改善慢性充血性心力衰竭患者的心功能,并逆转左心室重塑。     

肿瘤坏死因子α和B型钠尿肽在老年心力衰竭患者中的表达及临床意义

目的：评价老年充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者不同心功能水平的血浆B型钠尿肽（BNP）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平变化及其与心功能的关系。方法：测定60例CHF患者和30名健康体检者血浆BNP和TNF-α浓度，观察其与超声心动图测定左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）以及心功能分级的关系。结果：CHF患者血浆BNP和TNF-α水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），升高程度与心功能相关而与CHF的基础病因无关。BNP（r=-0．89）和TNF-α（r=-0．94）均与LVEF呈线性负相关（均P〈0．05），BNP（r=0．7939）和TNF-α（r=0．7513）均与LVEDd呈线性正相关（均P〈0．05）。结论：血浆BNP和TNF-α水平可作为老年CHF严重程度的判断指标。     

比索洛尔联合依那普利对急诊冠脉介入心肌梗死患者左心室重构的影响

目的观察比索洛尔联合依那普利治疗对急性心肌梗死晚期左心室重构的影响。方法 86例急性心肌梗死患者入院后均行急诊冠脉介入治疗,术后随机分成2组：比索洛尔联合依那普利组（联合组）44例及依那普利组（对照组）42例,分别于术后当天、3个月、6个月行彩色多普勒超声心动图检测左室收缩末期内径（LVES）及舒张末期内径（LVED）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室质量（LVM）。结果两组患者术后当天LVES、LVED、LVM、LVEF无统计学差异（P均〉0.05）;在术后3个月、6个月,两组患者的LVES、LVED、LVM均较术后当天增大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05及P〈0.01）;联合组LVES、LVED、LVM增大程度比对照组小,LVEF改善较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论急性心肌梗死后尽早应用比索洛尔及依那普利联合治疗能改善晚期左心室重构,改善心脏功能。     

充血性心力衰竭病人血管紧张素Ⅱ和脑钠素变化及替米沙坦的干预

目的观察替米沙坦治疗充血性心力衰竭（CFIF）的临床疗效及其对血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）和脑钠素（BNP）的影响。方法将60例CFIF病人随机分为替米沙坦组（30例）和对照组（30例），对照组予以常规治疗，替米沙坦组在常规治疗基础上口服替米沙坦（80～160）mg／d，治疗6个月，观察治疗前后两组左室舒张末期内径（LVDd）和左室射血分数（LVEF）的变化，评价心功能分级，并用放射免疫法测定血浆AngⅡ和BNP含量。结果治疗后替米沙坦组显效率明显高于对照组，心率及LVDd均较治疗前明显下降，且明显低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），LVEF明显升高（P〈0．01）。血浆AngⅡ和BNP水平明显降低，并明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。心功能改善1级～2级，药物副反应少。结论替米沙坦能改善CFIF病人心功能和神经内分泌机制失调。     

卡维地洛治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效观察

目的：观察卡维地洛治疗老年慢性充血心力衰竭（CHF）的临床疗效及副作用。方法：72例老年CHF患者随机分为卡维地洛组（治疗组）和常规治疗组（对照组），各36例。对照组使用洋地黄、利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、硝酸酯类等药物治疗。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用卡维地洛5mg／d，只要能耐受尽可能递增到10～20mg／d，疗程20周。每周测量血压、心率，评定心功能，治疗前后检查超声心动图。结果：治疗组左室射血分数（LVEF）明显升高（P〈0．001），心功能分级、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、心肌耗氧指数和收缩末期内径（LVESD）明显降低（P〈0．01），心率减慢，血压降低（P〈0．01）．与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：卡维地洛治疗心力衰竭改善心功能，改善左室重塑，安全有效。     

卡维地洛治疗老年心力衰竭的有效性和安全性

目的：探讨卡维地洛治疗老年充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的有效性和安全性。方法：60岁以上老年CHF患者86例，在心衰症状已基本缓解，常规治疗基础上加用卡维地洛2．5mg，2次／d，以后根据患者耐受情况在4～6周内渐增到病人能耐受的最大剂量或达到目标剂量20mg，2次／d。维持剂量治疗3个月。观察治疗前及维持剂量治疗3个月后心率、血压、血生化及心功能的变化。结果：治疗后心率、血压均明显下降（P〈0．01），心搏量、心脏指数、心排血量、左室射血分数均明显增加（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），左房内径、左室收缩末期内径、左室舒张末期内径均明显降低（P〈0．01）；而各项生化指标均无明显改变（P〉0．05）。结论：卡维地洛治疗老年心力衰竭可明显改善心功能并且耐受性良好。     

曲美他嗪对老年糖尿病心肌病慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的研究曲美他嗪对老年糖尿病心肌病（diabetic cardiomyopathy,DCM）慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法DCM慢性充血性心力衰竭患者41例,其中男21例,女20例,年龄65～75岁,平均年龄（71．3±4．7）岁,随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组给予标准药物治疗,治疗组在标准药物治疗基础上给予曲美他嗪治疗。观察两组治疗前、治疗后1年的纽约心脏病学会（NYHA）心功能分级、左室射血分数（LVEF）、6分钟步行距离（6MWD）和血浆脑利钠肽（BNPo结果两组治疗后NYHA心功能分级、LVEF、6MWD、BNP均较治疗前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05o治疗组NYHA心功能分级（2．1±0．3）,对照组（2．5±0．3）,P〈0．05差异有统计学意义。治疗组LVEF为（51．1±4．5）％,对照组LVEF为（43．1±5．5）％,P〈0．05差异有统计学意义。治疗组6MWD为（364．1±21．6）m,对照组6MWD为（280．0±22．4）m,P〈0．05差异有统计学意义。治疗组BNP为（113．0±22．4）ng／mL,对照组BNP为（221．6±26．4）ng／mL,P〈0．05差异有统计学意义。结论曲美他嗪能改善老年DCM慢性心力衰竭患者心功能。     

卡维地洛治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的：探讨卡维地洛疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的有效性及安全性。方法：选择40例缺血性心肌病患者，随机分为卡维地洛治疗组和对照组，治疗12个月。治疗前、后分别应用超声心动图测量左室射血分数（LVEF）左室收缩末直经（LVESd）和左室舒张末直径（LVEDd）。结果：所有病例治疗后，LVEF升高，LVESd、LVEDd降低，与治疗前相比差异显著（P〈0．01）。与对照组相比，卡维地洛治疗组治疗后各参数明显改善，差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论：卡维地洛治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭安全有效。     

法舒地尔治疗老年慢性充血性心力衰竭临床疗效观察

目的观察法舒地尔治疗老年充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法选取就诊于我院老年医学科充血性心力衰竭患者90例。根据随机分组原则分为对照组、治疗组。对照组患者使用常规抗心衰药物治疗：治疗组患者在对照组基础上联合法舒地尔60mg静脉滴注,1次／d,2周为1个疗程,每月1个疗程,连续3月。观察2组患者治疗后临床症状、治疗总有效率、血清脑钠肽（BNP）、左室射血分数等指标变化。结果治疗组治疗总有效率为95．6％,显著高于对照组的82．2％（P〈0．05）;治疗后治疗组患者血清BNP、左室射血分数改善情况显著优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论使用法舒地尔治疗老年充血性心力衰竭能够有效改善心功能,且安全性高。     

卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗慢性心功能不全的疗效分析

目的比较卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗慢性心功能不全疗效与安全性。方法采用随机对照的方法，将80例慢性心功能不全病人分为卡维地洛组和美托洛尔组，两组基础用药一致。比较两组左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVDd）等指标，同时检测尿常规、电解质、肝功能、肾功能、血脂、血糖、血压、心率等。结果治疗3个月后两组心功能均较治疗前有显著改善，血压、心率、LVDd降低，LVEF升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；两组治疗后比较卡维地洛组血压、LVDd降低，LVEF升高更显著（P〈0．05）；两组病人在治疗期间尿常规、电解质、肝功能、肾功能、血脂、血糖均无明显变化。结论卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭病人比美托洛尔占优势。卡维地洛是治疗慢性心功能不全较为理想的药物。     

Recurrent nontraumatic aortic tears resulting in valvular avulsion and aortic insufficiency

A case of aortic insufficiency due to avulsion of two of three semilunar valves was remarkable because of the intimal and medial tears which caused it. The tears were in different stages of repair, suggesting repetitive injury. Antemortem steroid therapy and bouts of violent coughing may explain these unusual findings.     

Long term results of heart transplantation in patients with amyloid heart disease

OBJECTIVE—To determine the outcome of heart transplantation for end stage amyloid heart disease in patients treated at a single centre.
DESIGN—Records of all patients with amyloid heart disease who underwent heart transplantation were examined to determine survival, graft involvement by amyloid, the course of systemic amyloid disease, and the cause of death.
PATIENTS—10 patients, mean (SD) age 54 (8) years, received transplants in the 13 year period 1984 to 1997.
RESULTS—Two patients, both with AL amyloid (primary systemic amyloidosis), died perioperatively. Mean follow up in the remaining eight patients was 49.9 (39.5) months (range 3-116 months). Amyloid deposits in the grafts became evident histologically in five patients with AL amyloid at 5, 11, 12, 28, and 30 months after transplantation, and in one patient with familial amyloid at 60 months. Echocardiography showed no evidence of left ventricular systolic impairment at the time of recurrence. Seven patients died, at 3, 11, 26, 32, 49, 85, and 116 months after transplantation; four of these deaths were related to amyloidosis. Actuarial survival at one and two years was 60% and at five years, 30%.
CONCLUSIONS—Heart transplantation for amyloid heart disease remains controversial because of the scarcity of hearts for transplantation, the systemic nature of amyloidosis, and the potential for amyloid deposition in the graft. Postoperative mortality was high (20%), reflecting extracardiac amyloid. Heart transplantation for end stage cardiac amyloidosis is feasible but, without treatment of the underlying process, it is a palliative procedure.


Keywords: heart transplantation; amyloid heart disease; heart failure     

Relationship of auscultatory fourth heart sound to the quantitated left atrial filling fraction

The fourth heart sound (S4) has been associated with vigorous atrial contraction. However, the presence of S4 has not been previously correlated with quantitated left atrial filling fraction. In this study, the presence of an auscultatory S4 was compared with the Doppler echocardiographically quantitated left atrial filling fraction in 41 consecutive patients in whom S4 was judged to be present or absent according to the consensus of cardiologists. Left atrial filling fraction in patients with S4 was 49% and was significantly greater than 33% found in patients without S4 (p less than 0.005). Using atrial filling fraction of 35% as a dividing line, S4 had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 75% for determining left atrial filling fraction greater than or equal to 35%. Furthermore, of 25 patients with S4, 21 (84%) had atrial filling fraction greater than or equal to or less than 35%, and of 16 patients without S4, 12 (75%) had atrial filling fraction less than 35%. Thus, the presence or the absence of S4 is quantitatively related to the left atrial filling fraction and appears to predict atrial filling fraction greater than or equal to or less than 35% reasonably well.     

重症肺炎大鼠心脏结构和功能的改变

目的研究重症肺炎大鼠心脏结构和功能的改变。方法50只大鼠，30只建立金葡菌肺炎模型，20只大鼠作对照，检测大鼠心肌病理积分及心脏结构和功能改变，并分析其相互关系。结果肺炎组大鼠有肺炎症状及肺脏病理变化，表明该肺炎模型建立成功。肺炎组大鼠左房内径（LA）、左室收缩末期内径（LVSD）、肺动脉内径（PA）、左房内径／主动脉内径（LA／AO）值较对照组显著增加，主动脉血流峰值流速（PFVA）、主动脉血流速度积分（Viao）、肺动脉血流峰值流速（PFVP）、肺动脉血流速度积分（Vipa）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）较对照组显著降低（P均〈0．01）。结论肺炎大鼠存在心脏结构和功能改变，证明重症肺炎可并发心衰。     

Cardiac surgery for patients with heart failure due to structural heart disease in Uganda: access to surgery and outcomes

Improvement in the control of infectious diseases and malnutrition associated with changes in lifestyle has led to a new epidemiological pattern in many low- and middle-income countries. Non-communicable diseases, mainly cardiovascular disorders, have emerged as major causes of morbidity and mortality in most sub-Saharan African countries.1 Hospital-based studies indicate that heart failure (HF) accounts for 3–7% of all admissions to African hospitals.2,3-7Although there has been increasing interest in the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in the African continent,7-9 recent data from Uganda are scarce7,10 but most needed to guide public health policies. Most registers originate from South Africa and cannot be transposed to poorer sub-Saharan countries.2,11Echocardiography is a mainstay in the assessment of HF. Unfortunately, access to echocardiography remains limited in many African countries due to cost and lack of skilled health workers, thereby leading to little data on cardiovascular diseases.12We report on the distinctive patterns of HF through a prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study in patients referred for suspected heart disease in urban Kampala, Uganda, in order to characterise the features of HF and to tailor future interventions. We also aimed at assessing access to invasive interventions and outcomes in patients with surgical indications.     

功能性三尖瓣关闭不全的分析和治疗

目的为提高治疗功能性三尖瓣关闭不全（ＴＲ）水平，总结近５年临床体会。方法分析３５例经手术治疗ＴＲ患者，其中瓣膜病组２６例，先心病组９例。瓣膜病组与同期７９例患者资料比较，手术行三尖瓣环成形术。结果瓣膜病组ＴＲ发生率为５５２％，其与病程、心胸比值、ＥＦ、左房大小有关（Ｐ＜０．０５），其中８２８％为心房颤动（Ｐ均＜０．０１），重度肺高压６７２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。先心病组中左向右分流患者均为重度肺动脉高压，有紫绀患者均有右心扩大。随访２４例，心功能Ⅰ级１７例、Ⅱ级６例、Ⅲ级１例。结论三尖瓣环成形术是治疗ＴＲ有效方法，应根据临床表现、右心功能、肺血管阻力及ＴＲ程度决定手术指征。     

慢性心力衰竭患者心率震荡检测及临床意义

目的观察慢性心力衰竭患者窦性心率震荡(HRT)现象的特征并探讨其临床意义。方法50例慢性心衰患者(心衰组)和30例非器质性心脏病患者(对照组)均接受24hHolter检查,分别计算HRT的初始值(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)及心率变异性的SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD值,并进行相关性分析。结果心衰组TO明显高于对照组(0.65±3.60%与-1.89±2.48%,P<0.01);心衰组TS明显低于对照组(2.96±1.23与10.24±4.47,P<0.001)。对照组TS与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD的相关系数分别为-0.426、-0.385、-0.372(P均<0.05);心衰组TO与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD的相关系数分别为0.489、0.465、0.436(P均<0.01),TS与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD的相关系数分别为-0.745、-0.686、-0.597(P均<0.001)。结论慢性心衰患者中HRT现象明显减弱,TO与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD值呈正相关,TS与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD值呈负相关。     

Heart Rate Turbulence for Prediction of Heart Transplantation and Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure

Background: Previous studies have shown conflicting results about the value of heart rate turbulence (HRT) for risk stratification of patients (pts) with chronic heart failure (CHF). We prospectively evaluated the relation between HRT and progression toward end‐stage heart failure or all‐cause mortality in patients with CHF. Methods: HRT was assessed from 24‐hour Holter recordings in 110 pts with CHF (54 in NYHA class II, 56 in class III–IV; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 30%± 10%) on optimal pharmacotherapy and quantified as turbulence onset (TO,%), turbulence slope (TS, ms/RR interval), and turbulence timing (beginning of RR sequence for calculation of TS, TT). TO ≥ 0%, TS ≤ 2.5 ms/RR, and TT >10 were considered abnormal. End point was development of end‐stage CHF requiring heart transplantation (OHT) or all‐cause mortality. Results: During a follow‐up of 5.8 ± 1.3 years, 24 pts died and 10 required OHT. TO, TS, TT, and both (TO and TS) were abnormal in 35%, 50%, 30%, and 25% of all patients, respectively. Patients with at least one relatively preserved HRT parameter (TO, TS, or TT) (n = 98) had 5‐year event‐free rate of 83% compared to 33% of those in whom all three parameters were abnormal (n = 12). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the most powerful predictor of end point events was heart rate variability (SDNN < 70 ms, hazard ratio (HR) 9.41, P < 0.001), followed by LVEF ≤ 35% (HR 6.23), TT ≥ 10 (HR 3.14), and TO ≥ 0 (HR 2.54, P < 0.05). Conclusion : In patients with CHF on optimal pharmacotherapy, HRT can help to predict those at risk for progression toward OHT or death of all causes. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(3):230–237