三维抛物型方程的一族两层显格式

构造了一族三维抛物型方程的两层格式，证明了当截断误差阶为O（Δt Δx^2)时，其稳定性条件比网比r=Δt/Δx^2=Δt/Δy^2=Δt/Δx^2≤1／2，优于同类的其他显格式。当截断误差阶为O（Δt^2 Δx^4)时，此格式为一个简洁而实用的高精度两层显格式。     

三维抛物型方程的高精度分支稳定显式差分格式

用待定参数法对三维抛物型方程，构造了截断误差达O（△t^3 △x^4)的显式差分格式，并讨论了格式的稳定性和收敛性。     

高维抛物型方程的一个高精度恒稳定的交替方向格式

本文对高维抛物型方程构造了一个高精度恒稳定的交替方向格式.当2≤p≤4时,格式的局部截断误差阶可达到O(τ2+h4),当p=3时,将Richardson外推法应用于本文格式,得到了O(τ3+h6)阶精度的近似解.最后通过数值实例验证了我们对所得格式所作的理论分析是正确的.     

聚合物嵌入V2O5干凝胶纳米复合材料的合成研究

本文采用溶胶-凝胶方法,将聚合物(PEO)嵌入到V2O5干凝胶层间,制备出(PEO)xV2O5·nH2O纳米复合薄膜材料,利用XRD、TG/DTA、SEM等测试手段分析了复合薄膜的合成过程和状态.结果表明:V2O5干凝胶是在c轴方向有序而a、b轴方向无序的一种层状结构.当PEO嵌入到V2O5干凝胶层间形成纳米复合薄膜材料时,使得V2O5干凝胶层间距明显增大.经热处理后,其层间距由x=0时的11.154A增大到x=2时的14.246A.当x=0.5～1时,PEO嵌入较完全,且复合薄膜表面均匀,无裂纹和孔洞.     

抛物型方程的一族高精度恒稳定的隐式差分格式

用待定参数法对一维抛物型方程构造了一族高精度恒稳定的隐式差分格式，格式的截断误差达O（Δt3 Δx6)，可用追赶法求解。     

Ba置换改性(Ca1-xBax)[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.6Ti0.4]O3陶瓷结构与微波介电性能的研究

研究了Ba置换改性对Ca [(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.6Ti0.4]O3陶瓷微观结构与介电性能的影响.通过XRD与SEM分析发现,当x=0.15,(Ca1-xBax) [(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.6Ti0.4]O3形成了正交晶系钙钛矿结构的单相固溶体;当x=0.20～0.80时,改性陶瓷为正交与六方钙钛矿结构的两相复合固溶体;当x=0.85 时,所形成(Ca0.15Ba0.85) [(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.6Ti0.4]O3陶瓷为六方钙钛矿结构的单相固溶体.(Ca1-xBax) [(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.6Ti0.4]O3系陶瓷微波介电性能的变化与Ba在材料内部的分布状态密切相关,与基材CMNT陶瓷相比:当x=0.15时,陶瓷的介电常数提高,介电损耗降低,谐振频率温度系数向负方向移动:εr=55,Qf值=32000GHz(6.5GHz下),τf=-36.82ppm/℃;当x=0.20～0.80间变化时,(Ca1-xBax)[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.6Ti0.4]O3两相复合陶瓷的微波介电性能由于复合效应而表现出连续变化的规律:εr= 45～33 ,Qf值= 30500～40200GHz(6.3GHz～7.6GHz下),τf = -17.7～12.52ppm/℃;当x=0.85时,单相钙钛矿固溶体(Ca0.15Ba0.85) [(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.6Ti0.4]O3获得良好的微波介电性能:εr=31,Qf值达到44000GHz(8.5GHz下),τf=10.81ppm/℃.     

硼酸对Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+微波合成及荧光性质的影响

在微波场作用下合成了Sr2Al6O11:Eu2 x%(质量分数)(H3BO3)(x=0、1.5、3、5、7、9)系列蓝色光致发光材料.X射线粉末衍射(XRD)结果表明,未加硼酸作助熔剂时,产品的主相为SrAl2O4,硼酸在x=1.5～9之间产品的主相都为Sr2Al6O11.扫描电镜(SEM)观测结果:适量硼酸的加入有助于晶体的形成,硼酸的量为0时,产物为颗粒,硼酸量为x=1.5时,开始出现棒状晶体,当硼酸量为x=5时,产物主要为棒状晶体,当硼酸量x＞7时,产品明显团聚.荧光光谱显示:随硼酸量的增加,产品发光强度先增强后减弱,硼酸加入量为x=7,发光强度最高.Eu2 在Sr2Al6O11中存在两个发光中心,发射峰分别位于456.7nm(Eu2 1)和483.4nm(Eu2 2).当硼酸量＞7%(质量分数)时,发射峰红移,归因于硼酸对两种位置Eu2 的发光性能有不同的影响.     

B′缺位下B″位非化学计量比对BCZN陶瓷性能的影响

通过固相烧结方法,研究了B″位原子非化学计量比对Ba(Co0.56Y0.04Zn0.35)1/3Nb2/3+xO3-δ(x=-0.004～0.008)体系陶瓷晶体结构及微波介电性能的影响。XRD分析发现陶瓷主晶相为Ba(Zn0.33Nb0.67)O3、Ba3CoNb2O9(BCZN晶相),当x为0.008时具有Ba5Nb4O15第二相。随着x值的增加,在-0.004≤x≤0.004小幅度变化时陶瓷第二相较少,陶瓷介电常数εr逐渐减小,陶瓷的Q×f值从51631GHz逐渐上升到76469GHz;当x进一步增大至x=0.008时,Q×f值减小到61688GHz。当x=0.004时,BCZN体系陶瓷具有较高的微波介电性能,εr=34.8,Q×f=76469GHz,τf≈2.6×10-6/℃。     

(1-x)Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3-xPb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3多铁性材料的有序结构及磁性能

以无机盐为前驱体,利用溶胶-凝胶法固溶合成了(1-x)Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3-xPb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3多铁性固溶体.XRD分析表明,在0≤x≤1.0的掺杂范围内,700℃煅烧所得产物都具有钙钛矿结构;x=0时得到的纯Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3为长程无序结构,x=1.0时可获得完全有序的纯Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3相,其单胞为Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3单胞的2倍;当0相似文献   

扩散方程初边值问题的一种有限元单步格式及其精度分析

针对一类一维扩散方程初边值问题,在x方向二次有限元半离散后用Hermite插值积分全离散,获得了一种最优阶误差估计为O(Δt4+Δx4)的有限元单步格式,并证明了该格式的稳定性和收敛性,数例表明与其它常用的4阶格式相比,当时间步长相对较大时,该格式仍具有较好的精度。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.