锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折30例体会

目的探讨锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折的手术方法、技巧及中短期疗效。方法 2007年3月以来使用锁定钢板治疗30例(32腕)桡骨远端骨折病例,其中男性14例,女性16例;年龄16~73岁,平均47.0岁。AO分型A3型15例,B3型8例,C2及C3型7例(9腕)。术中均用1枚锁定钢板固定,部分辅以克氏针固定,术后1~2个月外固定。结果所有患者均获随访,随访6~33个月,平均14.6个月。骨折均愈合。根据Gartland-Werley评分系统,优18腕,良10腕,中4腕,优良率87.5%。无严重手术并发症。结论锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折操作简便,并发症少,是良好的内固定治疗方法。对于A型及B型骨折疗效满意,本组病例中C型骨折疗效一般。     

可吸收螺钉治疗新鲜腕舟骨腰部不稳定性骨折

2006年10月～2008年10月,我院采用可吸收螺钉内固定治疗23例新鲜腕舟骨腰部不稳定性骨折,取得了很好的疗效。 1材料与方法 1．1病例资料本组23例,均为男性,年龄17～41岁。左手7例,右手16例,均为外伤所致腕舟骨骨折,且均为闭合性损伤。     

可吸收螺钉治疗不稳定型腕舟状骨骨折17例疗效分析

目的探讨可吸收螺钉治疗不稳定型腕舟状骨骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析17例不稳定型腕舟状骨骨折患者的临床资料,骨折端均有移位但无明显骨质缺损,均采用切开复位、可吸收螺钉内固定治疗。结果17例均获随访,平均10(8~12)月,均获骨性愈合,骨性愈合时间平均6.4月,腕关节活动范围在106°~128°之间。疗效评价:优11例,良5例,差1例。结论可吸收螺钉内固定对腕舟状骨骨折的加压固定可靠,可避免二次手术取出内固定,对腕关节损伤小,是治疗不稳定腕舟状骨骨折的有效方法。     

经皮腕掌侧入路内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折

目的探讨经皮腕掌侧入路双头加压螺钉内固定治疗舟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年至2014年间经皮腕掌侧入路双头加压螺钉内固定治疗舟骨骨折17例,男16例,女1例;年龄17~44岁,平均25岁;左侧8例,右侧9例。术前均行X线及CT检查,骨折按Herbert分型,B1型2例,B2型15例。受伤类型:体育运动中损伤7例(41%),坠落伤6例(35%),交通事故伤4例(24%);受伤至手术时间3~12 d,平均6 d。依据Mayo腕关节功能评分标准对术后患者进行评价。术后4周、6周及12周复查X线片,疼痛消失且X线示骨折断端有明显骨小梁形成视为骨愈合。结果手术时间20~35 min,平均27 min;术中无肌腱及神经血管损伤。16例患者获随访,随访时间6~20个月,平均13.5个月;骨折愈合时间8~13周,平均8.5周。术后Mayo评分75~100分,平均95.31分,其中12例优(90~100分),3例良(80~89分),1例可(65~79分)。所有患者腕掌侧小切口Ⅰ期愈合,随访期内无感染、骨坏死或瘢痕形成病例。结论经皮腕掌侧入路双头加压螺钉内固定治疗舟骨骨折是一种有效的手术方法,切口微创、断端加压固定、骨愈合率高,腕关节功能恢复良好。     

经皮螺钉固定治疗腕舟状骨骨折

目的 探讨应用经皮螺钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折的疗效。方法 应用经皮螺钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折27例。结果本组27例,随访5~19个月,平均9.7个月。骨折全部获得愈合。根据Mayo腕关节评分,优17例,良8例,尚可2例,优良率为92.6%。结论 经皮螺钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折,创伤小,能早期功能锻炼、有效地缩短治疗周期,疗效满意。     

逆行可吸收拉力螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折

目的：探讨逆行可吸收拉力螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折的手术疗效。方法：2001年12月至2007年12月,18例腕舟骨骨折,男12例,女6例;年龄17～40岁,平均26岁。腕舟骨腰部骨折10例,近端骨折8例。采用逆行可吸收拉力螺钉内固定治疗。结果：18例患者获随访,时间12～36个月,平均25个月。18例中有17例愈合,1例不愈合,平均愈合时间为13周,平均腕关节活动度为健侧的90%,握力为健侧的95%。14例无疼痛,3例轻度疼痛,另外1例不愈合有中度疼痛,除1例不愈合外,其余都能胜任原工作。按Cooney评分标准：总评分由术前的（68.2±1.5）分提高到术后的（88.7±1.2）分,术后各项评分明显高于术前（P〈0.05）;优9例,良8例,差1例。结论：逆行可吸收拉力螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折手术操作简单,对腕舟骨残存的血运破坏小,固定牢靠,可缩短骨折愈合时间及提高骨折愈合率,是治疗腕舟骨骨折的一种有效的手术方法。     

小夹板治疗Colles骨折的两种固定方法比较

Ｃｏｌｌｅｓ骨折小夹板固定临床上一直沿用着传统的腕掌屈位固定方法。自叶劲[1] 首次报道小夹板腕背伸位固定方法后 ,我们亦采用同样方法进行治疗并与腕掌屈位固定方法治疗结果进行比较 ,分析如下。1　临床资料本组 42例。腕掌屈位固定组 (Ａ组 ) 2 9例 ,男 12例 ,女17例 ;年龄 12～ 6 4岁。无移位骨折 5例 ,移位骨折 19例 ,轻度粉碎性骨折 5例。腕背伸拉固定组 (Ｂ组 ) 13例 ,男 7例 ,女6例 ;年龄 13～ 6 2岁。无移位骨折 2例 ,移位骨折 9例 ,轻度粉碎性骨折 2例。除Ａ组 1例为外院治疗一周后再移位者外 ,均为新鲜骨折。2　治疗方法Ａ组 …     

带桡动脉腕掌支蒂桡骨瓣植入治疗新鲜不稳定腕舟骨骨折

目的介绍带桡动脉腕掌支蒂桡骨瓣植入治疗新鲜不稳定腕舟骨骨折的手术方法和疗效。方法2000年3月始,设计带桡动脉腕掌支蒂的桡骨瓣,对12例新鲜不稳定腕舟骨骨折进行骨瓣植入加AO空心加压螺钉固定术。结果术后12例全部获得随访,随访时间7~35个月。X线片显示腕舟骨骨折均在术后2~3个月获得骨性愈合,愈合率达100%。腕关节活动度为1例腕掌屈60°,背伸50°;11例腕掌屈达70°~80°,背伸45°~55°。腕关节活动时无疼痛。结论桡动脉腕掌支蒂桡骨瓣具有血管解剖恒定、血管蒂长、血供可靠等优点,适用于新鲜不稳定腕舟骨骨折的治疗。     

自塑鱼钩状钢板治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折

1995年1月~2003年12月,我院应用自塑鱼钩状钢板内固定术治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折35例,均取得良好效果。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组35例,男26例,女9例,年龄17~52岁。均为新鲜骨折。直接暴力作用于肘部10例,间接暴力引起骨折25例;合并肘关节前脱位16例。均在伤后10d内进行手术治疗。1.2     

经皮腕背入路DTJ空心螺钉内固定治疗舟骨骨折

目的 总结经皮腕背人路DTJ空心螺钉内固定治疗舟骨骨折的经验.方法 利用经皮腕背人路DTJ空心螺钉内固定治疗舟骨骨折患者12例,男10例,女2例;年龄16~39岁,平均25岁.根据改良Herbert舟骨骨折分型:A2型3例,82型5例,83型2例,D1型2例.10例新鲜骨折患者自受伤至就诊时间为1~12d,平均3.5d;2例纤维愈合患者自受伤至就诊时间分别为76d和68d.结果 骨愈合时间为术后6.5~9.5周,平均8.5周.除1例患者行体力劳动后自觉有轻度腕痛外,其余11例患者术后疼痛均消失.患者均获得随访,随访时间6~26个月,平均14个月.12例患者术后患手握力恢复至健侧的平均86.4%(82%~93%),患侧腕关节屈伸活动度恢复至健侧的平均87.5%(83%~100%).除1例患者体力劳动后自觉有轻度腕痛改变原工作外,6例患者于术后平均5.5周(4.5~8周)返回原工作岗位,5例学生患者于术后平均4.5个月(3~6个月)恢复体育运动.所有患者腕背小切口均一期愈合,无感染等并发症发生.结论 经皮腕背入路DTJ空心螺钉内固定是一种微创、骨折愈合率高、并发症相对较少的舟骨骨折的有效治疗方法.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.     

Fractures of the thumb and finger metacarpals in athletes

Most metacarpal fractures are minimally displaced and are treated without surgery. Markedly displaced fractures, fractures causing finger rotation, and displaced intra-articular fractures require surgical intervention. The challenge with the elite athlete is achieving an early return to play without compromising fracture position. Casts, splints, and surgery each have a role in getting the athlete back into action as soon as possible.