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淹水,干旱条件下北空越桔生理反应的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
采用盆栽试验,研究了‘北空’越桔在连续淹水,干旱条件下的生理反应。结果表明,在淹水和干旱条件下,越桔叶片的光合强度,叶绿素含量,光量子通量密度降低,而呼吸强度,气孔导度,蒸腾速率升高,随逆境时间加长,变化幅度增大。 相似文献
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三种类型越桔在淹水逆境下生理及形态反应的比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
三种类型越桔在淹水逆境下生理及形态反应的比较吴林李亚东张志东郝瑞(吉林农业大学园艺系,长春130118)关键词越桔;淹水逆境;生理反应;形态反应;耐淹水品种筛选AComparisonofPhysiologicalandMorphologicalRe... 相似文献
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花椰菜种子活力和抗氧化酶活性及幼苗光合色素对NaCl胁迫的响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以花椰菜银农70天自交系种子为材料,研究了7个NaCl胁迫浓度(0、34、68、102、136、170、204 mmol?L-1)对种子活力和抗氧化酶活性及幼苗光合色素的变化特点。结果发现:① 随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、幼苗叶绿素a/b(Chla/Chlb)和类胡萝卜素/叶绿素(Car/Chl)值呈线性降低趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈线性增加趋势。② 种子超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、幼苗干鲜质量以及Chla、Chlb、Chl和Car含量随NaCl胁迫浓度增加呈“钟形”抛物线变化规律,在68~136 mmol?L-1 NaCl胁迫下出现最大值|相对盐害率变化相反,呈“倒钟形”变化特点,在34 mmol?L-1 NaCl胁迫下出现最小值。③ 种子过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均随NaCl胁迫浓度增加呈多项式变化规律,即在中度NaCl胁迫(136 mmol?L-1)下活性升高,而重度NaCl胁迫(204 mmol?L-1)下降低。综合分析表明,种子相对盐害率、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性及幼苗Chla、Chlb、Chl和Car含量不仅能较好地指示NaCl胁迫对花椰菜种子活力及相关生理生化的伤害程度,并且可反映其受NaCl胁迫伤害的强度水平,但发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、Chla/Chlb和Car/Chl值则无法指示|102~136 mmol?L-1 NaCl胁迫浓度是花椰菜种子活力及相关生理生化代谢受到伤害的盐胁迫阈值。 相似文献
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越桔属植物是一类生存于林下环境的低矮灌木植被,该类植物群落的分布区通常位于北半球高纬度地区的寒带森林或苔原地带。为了预测全球变化背景下越桔属植物的响应和适应能力,文章综述了高纬度地区寒带森林灌木层中最具代表性的3个越桔属主要物种(欧洲越桔、红豆越桔和笃斯越桔)的最新研究进展,重点介绍了全球变化导致的气候变暖、大气CO2浓度增加、极端干旱事件、大气氮素沉降、积雪覆盖的改变以及紫外线辐射增强等不同环境因素对欧洲越桔、红豆越桔和笃斯越桔产生的影响,综合分析了越桔属不同物种对全球变化的生理生态学响应机制和适应策略。 相似文献
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持续淹水处理对寒富苹果抗逆性酶及光合作用影响初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对多雨地区及低洼地果园生产上面临的涝害问题,对'寒富'苹果抗逆性方面进行研究.以3 a生盆栽'寒富'苹果为试材,持续淹水处理后,测定'寒富'苹果根系和叶片抗逆性酶(POD、SOD、PAL)活性以及叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度,胞间CO2浓度.随着淹水时间的延长,POD、SOD、PAL活性都呈先升高后降低的趋势.叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度,都随着淹水时间的延长显著下降,而胞间CO2浓度显著上升,根系活力总体上呈下降趋势,但在处理3 d左右有所回升,根系活力于淹水3 d稍有升高,但整体呈下降趋势.在淹水处理过程中,'寒富'苹果树体保护性酶系都表现出积极的响应,在处理前期都表现出上升趋势,在处理后5 d~7 d达到最大值,随后随着处理时间延长而降低.处理18 d后植株死亡. 相似文献
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4种基因型猕猴桃对淹水胁迫的生理响应及耐涝性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】研究淹水胁迫下4种基因型猕猴桃的形态变化及生理响应,以筛选耐涝种质资源,并初步分析猕猴桃耐涝的生理机制。【方法】采用"双套盆"法模拟淹水胁迫,对大籽猕猴桃'KR2’、对萼猕猴桃'KR5’、美味猕猴桃'15-13’及软枣猕猴桃'永丰一号’的两年生组培盆栽苗进行淹水处理,通过统计涝害指数观察淹水对此4种猕猴桃属植物形态的影响,同时通过测定根系活力、叶片光合能力及根系低氧伤害相关指标研究淹水对猕猴桃属4种植物生理代谢的影响,并通过隶属函数法综合评价4份材料的耐涝性。【结果】随着淹水胁迫时间的延长,4种猕猴桃属植物的涝害指数均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,根系活力逐渐下降,光合相关指标呈现先上升后下降的趋势,超氧阴离子产生速率、过氧化氢及丙二醛含量总体呈现逐渐上升的趋势。但在整个淹水胁迫期间',KR2'’KR5’仍能保持较高的根系活力与光合能力,且受到的低氧伤害较小。隶属函数法综合评价结果表明,4种猕猴桃属植物的耐涝性顺序为':KR2’'KR5’'15-13’'永丰一号’。【结论】4种猕猴桃中',KR2’和'KR5’的耐涝性较强',15-13’和'永丰一号’属不耐涝猕猴桃。耐涝猕猴桃在涝害胁迫下可以缓解低氧伤害,维持自身的根系活力,保证地上部的健康生长,进而保证地上部叶片高水平的光合能力,从而表现出较强的耐涝性。 相似文献
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高丛蓝莓对干旱胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱性综合评价 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
为研究高丛蓝莓对干旱胁迫的生理响应并筛选具有较强抗旱能力的品种,同时确定基于生理指标的隶属函数分析对于筛选蓝莓抗干旱品种的可行性,分别以北高丛蓝莓中的‘布里吉塔’、‘斯巴坦’以及南高丛蓝莓中的‘夏普蓝’、‘奥尼尔’4 个品种为材料,在人工控水模拟水分胁迫条件下,测定叶片相对含水量、电导率、丙二醛含量、H2O2 含量与 产生速率、Fv/Fm 以及叶片气孔特性等生理生化指标的变化,并采用隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,4 个蓝莓品种叶片的相对含水量、Fv/Fm、气孔开放率和气孔大小均呈下降趋势,而相对电导率、丙二醛含量、H2O2 含量与产生速率以及气孔密度则呈上升趋势。4 个高丛蓝莓品种的抗旱性强弱顺序为奥尼尔 > 夏普蓝 > 布里吉塔 > 斯巴坦,大田干旱试验验证了基于生理指标的隶属函数分析对于蓝莓抗旱品种的筛选的准确性及可靠性。 相似文献
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D. J. Yu H. Rho S. J. Kim 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):550-556
SUMMARYGas exchange and photosystem II (PSII) activities in the leaves of 2-year-old ‘Bluecrop’ highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) were monitored during water stress and subsequent re-irrigation to investigate the effects of the intensity of water stress on changes in photosynthetic characteristics. The blueberry shrubs were not irrigated for 3 to 5 weeks, then re-irrigated daily up to 8 weeks. The decrease in soil water potential during water stress caused a progressive decrease in leaf water potential. Soil water potentials decreased to -0.26 MPa and -0.34 MPa at 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, following water stress, but recovered following subsequent re-irrigation, while the soil water potential in daily-irrigated shrubs was maintained at over -0.13 MPa throughout the experiment. Chlorophyll concentrations decreased with an increasing duration of water stress. Chlorophyll concentrations in leaves on shrubs subjected to water stress for 5 weeks did not recover following re-irrigation, unlike those subjected to water stress for 3 weeks. The leaves on shrubs subjected to water stress for 5 weeks maintained lower levels of chlorophyll during reirrigation. The net rate of CO2 assimilation (An) decreased significantly with an increasing duration of water stress. Reirrigation reversed the decrease in An in leaves on shrubs subjected to water stress for 3 weeks. Stomatal conductance (gs) exhibited a similar pattern to An. The actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and the electron transport rate (ETR) also decreased significantly with an increasing duration of water stress, although the Fv/Fm ratio was not affected. ΦPPSII and ETR values in the leaves on shrubs subjected to water stress for 5 weeks did not recover after reirrigation, unlike those subjected to water stress for 3 weeks. Non-photochemical quenching increased with an increasing duration of water stress, but subsequent re-irrigation did not reverse the increase. These results indicate that the timing of re-irrigation of water-stressed ‘Bluecrop’ highbush blueberry is critical in order to maintain their photosynthetic capacity. Among the photosynthetic characteristics measured, ΦPSII and ETR could be used as sensitive indicators to assess the physiological status of leaves of ‘Bluecrop’ highbush blueberry growing under water stress conditions. 相似文献
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防寒措施对越橘越冬微环境和越冬性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以高丛越橘蓝丰为试材,研究了不同防寒措施对大连地区越橘生长微环境变化规律和越冬性的影响。结果表明,2007-2008年冬春大连地区露地极端最低温度、冷驯化及脱驯化期间的最低温度均高于同期越橘能够忍受的最低温度,但露地防寒越橘越冬伤害严重,枝条长度枯死率达53.46%,花芽完全枯死。与对照相比,黑塑料袋外置稻草、黑塑料袋防寒对越冬期间日最低温度、日平均温度、日最高温度影响不大,但明显提高了空气相对湿度,枝条含水量保持在较高水平,1 a生枝条长度及花芽枯死率均较低,防寒效果较好;透明塑料套袋降低了日最低温度,提高了日平均温度、日最高温度和日温度变幅,空气相对湿度略高于对照,越冬后枝条含水量略高于对照,枝条长度及花芽枯死率较高,防寒效果较差。这说明影响大连地区越橘越冬的主要原因是水分胁迫。 相似文献
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夏秋季旱涝胁迫对红叶石楠光合特性的影响 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
分别于夏、秋两季, 以1年生红叶石楠扦插苗为试材, 采用盆栽调控水分的方法, 研究了干旱和淹水胁迫下叶片的丙二醛(MDA) 含量和细胞膜透性、色素含量以及光合生理参数等的变化。结果表明, 夏、秋季干旱和淹水胁迫均使叶片MDA含量和质膜透性显著上升, 叶绿素(Chl. ) 含量降低, 花色素苷(Ant. ) 含量增加; 净光合速率( Pn) 、水分利用效率(WUE) 、表观量子效率(AQY) 和羧化效率(CE) 等指标下降, 光饱和点(LSP) 降低; 光补偿点(LCP) 升高, 可利用的光强范围变小; 夏季水分胁迫对红叶石楠的膜伤害大于秋季, Chl. 降幅低于秋季, 类胡萝卜素(Car. ) 含量夏季上升而秋季下降,LSP对降及LCP上升的幅度小于秋季, 但Pn降幅却表现为干旱处理小于秋季, 淹水处理大于秋季; 其中夏季淹水胁迫对红叶石楠膜伤害和Pn、WUE、AQY、CE的影响较干旱胁迫大, 光合下降在胁迫初期为气孔限制, 到中、后期转化为非气孔限制; 与Pn密切相关的气候因子(关联度从高到低排列) 依次为大气温度( Ta) 、大气CO2浓度(CO2 ) 和光照强度( PFD) 。而在秋季, 干旱胁迫对红叶石楠膜伤害和Pn、WUE、AQY和CE的影响较淹水胁迫大, 光合下降主要表现为非气孔限制; 与Pn密切相关的气候因子(关联度从高到低排列) 依次为大气水汽压(Vp) 、PFD和CO2。 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,89(1):23-40
The effects of water deficit on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have been little studied. This study, conducted on container-planted shrubs, aimed at determining the influence of water stress on growth, water relations and fruit production of the plant during two consecutive years. Drought periods of approximately 3 weeks, as monitored from the transpiration of control plants, were applied at various phenological stages of plant development, from blossoming to harvest, so as to evaluate their direct effects. Highbush blueberry reacted very quickly to drought by reducing transpiration and stopping stem diameter growth and shoot elongation. Its ability to recover depended on the stress level and the drought implementation dynamics. Under moderate stress (35% less transpiration than a well-watered shrub) the recovery potential was almost complete. In all cases water stress during fruit growth and ripening strongly influenced yield by reducing the mean fruit weight and size. Drought after-effects, as assessed from one season to the other, were small, except when stress occurred during flower induction. In that case the number of flowers was reduced in the following year as well as the number of fruits, although fruit size was greater resulting in only a slight reduction in yield. In all cases, photosynthetic performance during the following year appeared not to alter, but water stress imposed to obtain large fruit cannot replace pruning without jeopardising the shrub architecture. 相似文献
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以12份西瓜砧木为试材,采用模拟涝害的方法,利用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对西瓜砧木幼苗进行分类,初步建立西瓜砧木耐涝鉴定方法,研究了涝害对西瓜砧木幼苗生长和光合生理的影响,以期为西瓜耐涝砧木的筛选提供参考依据。结果表明:在西瓜砧木幼苗期耐涝鉴定中,通过隶属函数法对11种砧木进行综合评价,根据隶属函数法和聚类统计分析,以根长、地上部干质量、根系干质量、叶绿素含量和光合速率作为耐涝鉴定综合指标较好。"日本雪松"的隶属函数值最高,耐涝性最好,而"砧王"的隶属函数值最低,其耐涝性最差,南瓜砧木比葫芦砧木的耐涝性更强一些。 相似文献