光质对红金钻试管苗生长的影响

以红金钻蔓绿绒试管苗为试材,探讨不同光质对红金钻蔓绿绒试管苗生长特性的影响、光合色素及荧光参数的变化趋势,探索试管苗生长发育对光质的响应机制,提升试管苗质量。采用LED精准配制光源,以荧光灯为对照,设置红、蓝、红蓝绿、红蓝光5个处理。结果表明,不同光质处理30 d后,蓝红绿复合光有利于红金钻蔓绿绒不定芽增殖、试管苗株高、总鲜重、总干重的增加,蓝光利于叶长、叶宽、茎粗的增加,红光利于根长的增加;叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素总量及叶绿素a/b比值在红蓝绿复合光下处理下最大;叶绿素荧光参数(q_p, ETR, NPQ)在红蓝绿复合光处理下高于其它处理,蓝光次之,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo各光质处理(除红光)下差异不明显,由荧光隶属函数值得出在红蓝绿复合光处理下最优。因此,可采用红:蓝:绿=7:1:1作为红金钻蔓绿绒组培的人工光源。     

不同比例红蓝光对番茄幼苗生长和光合作用的影响

为了探索番茄幼苗生长发育对红蓝组合光的响应机制,本试验采用发光二极管(LED)精量调制光源,以番茄品种‘SV0313TG’为试材,设红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝组合光(9R1B、6R1B、3R1B、1R1B、1R3B)7个处理,以白光为对照,研究不同比例红蓝光质对番茄幼苗生长、光合色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及根系活力的影响.结果表明:不同比例红蓝光质处理对番茄幼苗生长的影响具有明显差异.红光显著促进幼苗株高增加,比叶面积增大,胞间CO₂浓度提高,但PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Ф_PSⅡ)降低,根系生长受阻,根系活力下降,壮苗指数降低;蓝光下幼苗生长受到明显抑制,叶绿素含量降低,但叶绿素a/b 值升高;红蓝组合光有利于番茄幼苗的生长发育,3R1B处理下植株干物质量、叶绿素含量和光合性能均显著提高,幼苗生长健壮,壮苗指数最大.综上,红蓝组合光能够增加番茄幼苗叶片光合色素含量,提高光合效率,促进植株生长,尤以3R1B处理最佳.     

不同LED光源对乌塌菜生长、光合特性及营养品质的影响

与传统光源相比,LED具有光谱可控、亮度高但发热量小、寿命长等优势.LED光源可实现光谱可控,通过调制光谱与植物的感光细胞最优结合来影响植物的生长发育与营养品质.本研究利用LED精量调制光源,以‘菊花小八叶’乌塌菜品种为试验材料,设红光、蓝光、红/蓝光(3/1)、红/蓝光(7/1)、白/红/蓝光(3/2/1)5个处理,以白光为对照,研究不同光质对乌塌菜生长、光合特性及品质的影响.结果表明： 红光有利于乌塌菜生物量和茎粗的增大,而蓝光有抑制作用;叶绿素含量以红/蓝光(7/1)处理最高,且叶绿素总量与红/蓝光比值呈正相关,虽然蓝光显著降低叶绿素含量,但提高了叶绿素 a/b 值;光合速率和蒸腾速率均以红光处理最高,与对照相比分别增加43.8%和55.1%,而蓝光处理下有较高的气孔导度及胞间CO₂浓度.不同光质处理对乌塌菜的荧光参数有较大影响,白光的F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o和Φ_PSⅡ均最大;红光可以提高可溶性糖含量,蓝光能提高可溶性蛋白含量,白光能增加维生素C含量.综合分析,红/蓝光(7/1)处理在增加叶片光合色素含量,提高光合速率,促进植株生长和改善营养品质方面为最优组合.     

LED光质对乌饭树组培苗茎段增殖和生根的影响

采用发光二极管（LED）调制光质,以荧光灯为对照,研究LED不同红蓝光质比对乌饭树茎段增殖及生根的影响,为利用光质调控技术提高乌饭树组培效率和品质提供科学依据。结果表明,红光有利于新梢伸长及叶面积增加,但显著抑制叶绿素合成;蓝光抑制茎段新梢的诱导,但能促进组培苗不定根形成。红蓝复合光最有利于乌饭树组培苗茎段增殖、生物量积累以及根系发育,其中,在70% R（红光）+30% B（蓝光）处理下,带芽茎段的新梢诱导率、新梢数、叶片数、鲜重和干重均达到最大;而在生根阶段,组培苗的生根率、根数和根长在50% R+50% B处理下达到最大。此外,在单色蓝光处理下叶绿素a/b比值最大,是红光处理下的1.46倍;红蓝复合光促进乌饭树组培苗类胡萝卜素的合成。与荧光灯相比,适宜的LED光质能显著促进乌饭树茎段增殖和生根,是替代荧光灯的理想光源。     

光质对紫背天葵生长、次生代谢和抗氧化胁迫的影响

以紫背天葵为供试材料,采用LED灯精量调控光质和光强,研究相同光照强度(350±5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)下,白光(W)、红光(R)、蓝光(B)、黄光(Y)、红蓝混合光(RB)、红蓝黄混合光(RBY)对紫背天葵生长、次生代谢和氧化胁迫抗性的影响.结果表明:与白光(W)相比,红光(R)能够显著促进紫背天葵植株的生长以及干物质和可溶性糖含量的积累;而蓝光(B)则抑制紫背天葵的生长;叶绿素含量在有色光处理下均显著降低;虽然红蓝黄混合光(RBY)未能显著提升紫背天葵的干物质含量,但总酚、类黄酮和花青素含量显著提升,这些还原态物质的积累有利于提高紫背天葵的抗氧化能力,在增强自身抗逆性的同时提升营养价值.本研究为光质调控紫背天葵的多样化生产提供了理论依据.     

不同光质的LED对蝴蝶兰组织培养增殖及生根的影响

以蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis ssp.)栽培种绿熊(Green Bear)和大辣椒(Big Chilli)为培养材料, 研究不同光质的发光二极管(LED)组合对组织培养过程中增殖及生根的影响。结果表明, 红光更有利于蝴蝶兰单芽增殖、干重、鲜重以及株高的增加, 但不利于叶片叶绿素的积累; 蓝光有利于叶片叶绿素的积累, 并能提高根系活力; 远红光则对根长和根系活力的增加作用更显著。增殖扩繁阶段的最适LED为暖白, 2种蝴蝶兰芽增殖系数分别比白色荧光灯(对照)高出53.17%和46.37%。生根诱导阶段的最适LED组合为红:蓝:远红=3:6:1, 根长及根系活力均较对照显著增加。该研究结果为LED光源在蝴蝶兰组织培养中的应用奠定了基础。     

不同光质对桑树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

光质可影响植物光合特性、形态以及生理过程。本试验研究了不同光质(白光W、红光R、红蓝混合光RB、蓝光B)对桑树植株生长、形态和光合作用的影响。结果表明:与白光对照相比,红光、蓝光和红蓝混合光处理下植株的生长、干物质积累受到抑制;红光处理下植株的株高、叶面积显著高于白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理;而白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的LMA、叶绿素a/b比值、可溶性蛋白含量、蔗糖、淀粉含量和叶片总N含量显著高于红光处理;红蓝混合光处理下植株的Pn、Gs、ΦPSⅡ与白光处理相近,红光、蓝光处理下植株的Pn、ΦPSⅡ低于白光、红蓝混合光处理,同时红光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的抗氧化酶活性高于白光处理,而MDA含量低于白光处理;红光处理下植株的叶片厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度显著小于白光处理。因此,一定比例的红蓝混合光可以使桑树植株的生长、光合特性、生理特征和叶片解剖结构与白光下生长植株相近,并减少单质红光、单质蓝光对植株生长发育的不利影响。     

不同光质对烟草组培苗生长及生理特性的影响

以‘云烟87号’生根组培苗为试材,以荧光灯为对照(CK),采用LED光源发射的单色光谱红光(R)、蓝光(B)、绿光(G)等不同光质配比组合光照处理,研究光质对烟草组培苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果显示:(1)与CK相比,红蓝绿(RBG)和红蓝白(RBW)组合光质使烟草组培苗植株株高、叶长、叶宽、叶面积、茎粗、根数、根长和干重显著增加,植株叶绿素含量也有提高但差异不显著。(2)RBW组合光质照射的植株可溶性糖含量和C/N比值显著高于其他光质处理,RBG组合光质处理植株的游离氨基酸含量显著高于其他光质处理,且各光质及其组合处理的烟草叶片可溶性蛋白含量显著高于对照,红蓝配光(1RB)使植株可溶性淀粉含量较对照显著提高。(3)各光质及其组合处理的烟草膜脂过氧化物MDA含量较对照均显著降低,而其SOD、POD和CAT活性较对照均显著提高;其中红光处理的植株膜脂过氧化物MDA含量最低,CAT活性最高。研究表明,LED光源不同光质及其组合光照均能够显著降低烟草组培苗的MDA含量,降低膜脂过氧化的伤害,促进烟草组培苗的生长,其主要通过调节抗氧化物酶活性的合成代谢来应对光氧化胁迫;LED光源的RBG和RBW组合光质可作为烟草组培苗生根阶段的最适光质。     

不同光质对杉木组培苗生根的影响及其机理初探北大核心CSCD

以杉木优良无性系‘洋020’组培苗为材料,比较不同光质组合处理对组培苗生根的影响,以筛选出最适宜杉木组培苗生根的光质配比;进一步以白光为对照,并结合生根率最低和最高的处理,分析不同处理间组培苗生长、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光学参数、内源性激素含量及叶绿体超微结构的差异,以揭示不同光质组合介导的组培苗生根和生长的调控机理,为杉木组培苗工厂化生产提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)不同光质组合条件下,以红蓝光质组合处理(红∶蓝=3∶1)杉木组培苗的生根率最高(71.11%),较白光对照显著提高45.61%,而蓝光处理生根率最低(12.50%)。(2)红蓝光质组合处理组培苗生物量和株高均高于白光对照和蓝光处理,且不同处理间株高存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)与对照和蓝光处理相比,红蓝光质组合处理组培苗叶片的光合色素含量和PSⅡ潜在光化学效率F_(v)/F_(o)值均显著提高,暗示该处理叶片具有较强光源捕获能力和光能利用能力。(4)叶绿体超微结构观察显示,红蓝光质组合处理的组培苗叶绿体淀粉粒数量少,体积小,且叶绿体基质和基粒片层结构清晰,有利于同化产物输出。(5)红蓝光质组合处理的组培苗具有较高的生根率与其具有较高的生长素(IAA)、较低的细胞分裂素(CTK)含量以及较高的IAA/CTK比值有关,而具有较高的株高与其较高的赤霉素(GA)和IAA含量、较低的ABA含量以及较高IAA/ABA、GA/ABA比值有关。     

光信号对AmRosea1过表达84K杨花青素合成及基因表达的影响

为了探究光信号引起AmRosea1过表达84K杨(Populus alba×P.glandulosa ‘84K’)植株颜色变化的原因,以野生型和AmRosea1过表达84K杨为试验材料,开展LED光、自然光、LED红光、LED蓝光和LED红蓝光处理,测定不同光强和光质下野生型和转基因株系的生理指标变化情况。结果显示：在不同光强下,与LED光处理相比,自然光处理下转基因株系叶片变红,花青素和可溶性糖含量升高,叶绿素含量和POD活性降低。不同光质处理30 d后,与LED红光和蓝光相比,在LED红蓝光诱导下,转基因株系叶片变红,且花青素含量升高,可溶性糖含量和POD活性下降,叶绿素含量略有降低。根据试验结果推测,强光和红蓝光质能激活AmRosea1过表达84K杨的花青素生物合成通路,使转基因株系积累大量的花青素,从而使植株叶片变红。     

Light-quality effects on Arabidopsis development. Red, blue and far-red regulation of flowering and morphology

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. race Columbia plants were grown in red. blue, red + far-red, blue + far-red and various light mixtures of red + blue + far-red light under 14 h light/10 h dark photoperiods. Each single light source and light mixture maintained a constant irradiance (50 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and the mixtures of red + blue + far-red maintained a constant ratio of red/far-red light, but varied in the ratio of blue to red + far-red light. Depending on the method used for calculation, values of the fraction of phytochrome in the far-red absorbing form (P_fr/P_tot) for these light mixtures were either constant or decreased slightly with increasing percentage of blue light in the mixtures. Arabidopsis flowered early (20 days) in blue, blue + far-red and red + far-red light and late (55 days) in red light. In mixtures of red + blue + far-red light, each of which established a nearly constant P_fr/P_tot flowering was in direct relation to time and irradiance level of blue light. Leaf area and petiole length were also correlated with blue light irradiance levels.     

Characterization of the laser-induced blue, green and red fluorescence signatures of leaves of wheat and soybean grown under different irradiance

The blue, green and red fluorescence emission of green wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. var. Rector) and soybean leaves ( Glycine max L. var. Maple Arrow) as induced by UV light (nitrogen laser: 337 nm) was determined in a phytochamber and in plants grown in the field. The fluorescence emission spectra show a blue maximum near 450 nm, a green shoulder near 530 nm and the two red chlorophyll fluorescence maxima near 690 and 735 nm. The ratio of blue to red fluorescence, F450/F690, exhibited a clear correlation to the irradiance applied during the growth of the plants. In contrast, the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio, F690/F735, and the ratio of blue to green fluorescence, F450/F530, seem not to be or are only slightly influenced by the irradiance applied during plant growth. The blue fluorescence F450 only slightly decreased, whereas the red chlorophyll fluorescence decreased with increasing irradiance applied during growth of the plants. This, in turn, resulted in greatly increased values of the ratio, F450/F690, from 0.5 – 1.5 to 6.4 – 8.0. The decrease in the chlorophyll fluorescence with increasing irradiance seems to be caused by the accumulation of UV light absorbing substances in the epidermal layer which considerably reduces the UV laser light which passes through the epidermis and excites the chlorophyll fluorescence of the chloroplasts in the subepidermal mesophyll cells.     

Effects of Different Spectra from LED on the Growth,Development and Reproduction of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Light is the major source of energy for plants and as such has a profound effect on plant growth and development. Red and blue lights have been considered to best drive photosynthetic metabolism and are beneficial for plant growth and development, and green light was seen as a signal to slow down or stop. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) was used to investigate the effects of red, blue and green lights on the growth and development of plants from seed germination to seeding. Results demonstrated that red light showed a promotion effect but blue light a prohibition one in most stages except for the flowering time in which the effect of each light was just reversed. When mixed with red or blue light, green light generally at least partially cancelled out the effects caused by each of them. Results also showed that the same number of photons the plant received could cause different effects and choosing the right combination of different color of lights is essential in both promoting the growth and development of plants and reducing the energy consumption of lighting in plant factory.     

不同LED光质对金线莲生长的影响

以福建产金线莲（Anoectochilus roxburghii）为材料,研究不同LED光质（红光、黄光、蓝光）对金线莲生长指标以及叶绿素、气孔的影响。结果表明,红光与黄光有利于金线莲株高增长,与对照相比分别提高18.74%、21.47%,但二者处理的植株较为瘦弱,且红光和黄光处理下的植株叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量较低。蓝光处理下金线莲生长情况较好,叶面积与对照相比增长明显,且叶绿素含量相对较高。不同LED光质处理下的植株气孔频度、长度、宽度与对照相比都有一定增长。     

Combination of Red and Blue Lights Improved the Growth and Development of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Seedlings by Regulating Photosynthesis

The photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, and photoperiod processes in plants are regulated according to light intensity and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different light qualities on eggplant seedlings and determine the best light quality for growth. The seedlings of eggplant cultivar ‘Jingqiejingang’ were grown under light-emitting diodes (LEDs): white (W, the control), red (R), blue (B), and different ratios of B/R lights (B/R = 1/1, B/R = 1/3, B/R = 1/6, B/R = 1/9). The growth parameters, leaf morphology, photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the leaves of eggplant seedlings under different LED light treatments were studied. The results showed that the plant height, leaf development, and photosynthetic characteristics were inhibited by red light but elevated by blue light compared with the control. Conversely, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were all increased by red light, while decreased by blue light significantly. In addition, the contents of carbohydrates and the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes were not or little changed by the monochromatic blue and red light. The combined light of red and blue were more beneficial for growth than the monochromatic light, especially B/R = 1/3 light. Under B/R = 1/3 light, the parameter values of plant growth, leaf development, photosynthetic pigments and characteristics, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism were all maximum. Taken together, combined application lights of red and blue are good practice for the cultivation of eggplant seedlings, and LED B/R = 1/3 light was optimum.

     

Early quantitative method for measuring germination in non-green spores of Dryopteris paleacea using an epifluorescence-microscope technique

A method is described to determine germination by blue-light excited red fluorescence in the positively photoblastic spores of Dryopteris paleacea Sw. This fluorescence is due to chlorophyll as evidenced from 1) a fluorescence-emission spectrum in vivo, where a bright fluorescence around 675 nm is obtained only in red light (R)-irradiated spores and 2) in vitro measurements with acetone extracts prepared from homogenized spores. Significant amounts of chlorophyll can be found only in R-treated spores; this chlorophyll exhibits an emission band around 668 nm, when irradiated with 430 nm light at 21°C.
Compared to other criteria for germination, such as swelling of the cell, coat splitting, greening, and rhizoid formation, which require longer periods after induction for their expression, chlorophyll fluorescence can be used to quantify germination after two days. This result is confirmed by fluence-response curves for R-induced spore germination; the same relationship between applied R and germination is obtained by the evaluation with the epifluorescence method 2 days after the light treatment as compared with the evaluation with bright-field microscopy 5 days after the inducing R.
Using this technique we show for the first time that Ca²⁺ contributes to the signaltransduction chain in phytochrome-mediated chlorophyll synthesis in spores of Dryopteris paleacea .     

Influence of blue light on the activity of phosphofructokinase in Chlorella kessleri

In crude extracts of Chlorella kessleri Fott and Novákóva cells grown autotrophically in white light the activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK, EC 2.7.1.11) is 62.9 ± 1.5 nmol (mg protein)⁻¹ min⁻¹ under optimized test conditions. It is greatly increased in red [88.3 ± 1.8 nmol (mg protein)⁻¹ min⁻¹], but somewhat decreased [57.0 ± 0.5 nmol (mg protein)⁻¹ min⁻¹] in blue light of equal productivity. Mixtures of blue and red light yield the low activity as long as blue light represents at least 35% of the total quantum fluence rate. The rough wavelength dependence of the counteracting effect of short wavelength light on the increasing effect of red light exhibits a broad peak at 460 nm, reminiscent of action spectra of the blue/UV photoreceptors(s). Upon transfer of red light-grown cells to blue light, the decrease develops slowly within 72 h; it cannot be prevented by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU). Since there is less carbohydrate in blue than in red light-exposed cells, correlations between biosynthesis of PFK and level of carbohydrate are discussed, based on the assumption that red light decreases and/or blue light increases the transport of metabolites across the chloroplast envelope.