维库溴铵和阿曲库铵预处理对琥珀胆碱的肌震颤及肌松效应的影响

目的 观察维库溴铵和阿曲库铵预处理对琥珀胆碱肌震颤的预防及对其肌松效应的影响。方法 ３０例全麻病人根据不同预处理药分成３组,即０．９％生理盐水（对照组）;０．０１ｍｇ／ｋｇ维库溴铵组和０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ阿中铵组,每组１０例。预处理４分后静注琥珀胆囊１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。采用ＰａｒａＧｒａｐｈ监测肌松。结果 阿曲库铵预处理能基本消除琥珀胆碱引起的肌震颤,维库溴铵只能减轻或部分消除琥珀胆碱引起的肌震颤。但     

维库溴铵前处理对琥珀胆碱的肌震颤及肌松效应的影响

目的:观察维库溴铵前处理对琥珀胆碱肌震的预防作用及对其肌松效应的影响.方法:36例择期手术病人随机分成3组,Ⅰ组静注琥珀胆碱1mg/kg(对照组).Ⅱ、Ⅲ组静注维库溴铵18μg/kg后3.5min分别注入琥珀胆碱1mg/kg和1.5mg/kg.结果:维库溴铵前处理能有效地消除琥珀胆碱引起的肌震颤,但使1mg/kg琥珀胆碱的起效时间延长、阻滞程度降低、气管插管条件变差、肌松恢复时间性缩短.当琥珀胆碱的剂量增至1.5mg/kg时,肌松效应恢复满意.结论:维库溴铵前处理使琥珀胆碱的肌松效应减弱,故琥珀胆碱的插管剂量应增至1.5mg/kg,以获得满意的肌松.     

小剂量顺式阿曲库铵预注法行快诱导气管插管时对琥珀胆碱肌颤搐T1的抑制程度及肌松效应的影响

目的 观察顺式阿曲库铵预注法对琥珀胆碱肌震颤的预防及对其肌松效应的影响.方法 20例择期全麻患者根据不同预处理药分成2组,即0.01 mg/kg顺式阿曲库铵组(A组):0.9%氯化钠水溶液(B组),每组10例.预处理3 min后静脉注射琥珀胆碱1 mg/kg.采用TOF-WATCH SX监测肌松情况,TOF=0时行快诱导气管插管.结果 预处理能基本消除琥珀胆碱引起的肌震颤,效果优于B组(P＜0.05).可使1 mg/kg剂量的琥珀胆碱的起效时间延长,阻滞程度降低,但与B组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 顺式阿曲库铵预处理能基本消除琥珀胆碱引起的肌震颤,并对其肌松效应影响较小,不延长肌松恢复时间,是较好的预处理肌松药.     

新型肌松药卡肌宁临床应用60例小结

新型肌松药卡肌宁临床应用６０例小结山西省肿瘤医院（０３００１３）武继民，武毅彬，邓丽云，程周军现将我院１９９１年５月至１９９１年９月临床应用卡肌宁６０例小结如下。临床资料一、本组男２８例，女３２例。年龄最大７８岁，最小２６岁。体重最重８１ｋｇ，最轻４９ｋｇ。用于颅内手术３例，头颈部肿瘤手术９例，妇科手术１１例，普外手术１８例，胸外手术１９例。二、麻醉诱导方法分三组。１组（４１例）：芬太尼０．１～０．２ｍｇ静注，卡肌宁０．５～０；６ｍｇ／ｋｇ静注，硫喷妥钠６～８ｍｇ／ｋｇ静注。Ⅱ组（９例）：芬太尼０．１～０．２ｍｇ，卡肌宁０．５～０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ，安定０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ静注。Ⅲ组（１０例）：硫喷妥钠６～８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，琥珀胆碱１～２ｍｇ／ｋｇ静注。三、麻醉维持方法有三种形式。１％普鲁卡因０．０１５％卡肌宁静滴液复合吸入安氟醚４４例；１％普鲁卡因０．０２％卡肌宁静滴液复合吸入安氟醚配合１１例；１％普鲁卡因静滴复合吸入安氟醚配合，间断静注卡肌宁５例。四、全部病例均用呼吸肌控制呼吸，术中常规施行呼气末Ｏ２、ＣＯ２，安氟醚的浓度监测。手术时间最长者５小时３０分，最短者４５分钟，卡肌宁用量最多者１１５ｍｇ。全部病例停药后３     

氟哌利多预防高血压病人气管插管时心血管反应的临床观察

目的 观察氟哌利多对高血压病人气管插管期间心血管反应的控制效果。方法 对确诊高血压择期全麻手术病人３０例,术前血压均控制在２３．３１／１２．６ｋＰａ以下。随机分为对照组（ｎ＝１５）与氟哌利多组（ｎ＝１５）。氟哌利多组于诱导前１０分钟静注氟哌利多０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,对照组注生理盐水。两组均以芬太尼５μｇ／ｋｇ、阿曲库胺０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、依托咪酯０．３ｋｇ／ｋｇ静注诱导,１分钟后气管插管。在诱导前、氟哌     

罗库溴铵对维库溴铵药效的影响及其先一药法的应用

目的：研究罗库溴铵对追加的维库溴铵肌松效应的影响及罗库溴铵－维库溴铵先后给药法的临床价值。方法：观察２倍ＥＤ９５剂量的罗库溴铵（０．６ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１）、维库溴铵（０．１ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１）分别诱导时的时效及插管条件,以及插管后对追加的１倍ＥＤ９５剂量的维库溴铵的起效及维持时间的影响。结果：罗库溴铵阻滞起效时间显著快于维库溴铵（Ｐ〈０．０１）,二者产生的插管条件及维持时间相似;罗库溴铵插管后对追加的     

硬膜外腔阻滞复合全身麻醉加PCEA在胸科手术中的应用

目的：评价硬膜外腔阻滞复合全身麻醉加术后硬膜外自控镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）,应用于胸科手术的可行性和优缺点。方法：６０例择期胸科手术患者,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为试验组（Ⅰ）和对照组（Ⅱ）,两组全麻诱导和维持方法相同。全麻诱导用咪唑安定０．２～０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ＾－１、芬太尼５ｕｇ／ｋｇ、卡肌宁０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ。＾－１Ⅰ组于诱导前行Ｔ８＾－９间隙硬膜外空刺置管,注入０．３７５％布比卡因５ｍｌ测定平面后给首剂量,术中定时给追加量,全麻维持均予吸入０．５～１％异氟醚,并按需要注１～２ｍｇ＾－１／ｋｇ＾－１／ｈ＾－１异丙酚,间断注入卡肌宁维持肌松,用ＨＰ监测仪无创监测ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ、ＥＣＧ、ＳＰＯ２等,统计全麻药、肌松药、麻黄碱等用量。结果：Ⅰ组在插管、切皮、拨管时ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ上升幅度较Ⅱ组少;异丙酚用量和术后躁动发生率显著低于     

七氟醚神经肌肉阻滞作用的临床研究

研究七氟醚本身的肌松作用及其与非去极化肌松药维库溴铵间的相互作用。方法：选择２１例ＡＳＡ级Ⅰ－Ⅱ级的手术病人，随机分成三组：Ⅰ组单独七氟醚麻醉组；Ⅱ组笑气，芬太尼和０．０７ｍｇ／ｋｇ维库溴铵复合麻醉组；Ⅲ组七氟醚和０．０７ｍｇ／ｋｇ维库溴铵麻醉组。     

顺式阿曲库铵和维库溴铵在全麻诱导及维持中的应用比较

目的 探讨顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵和维库溴铵在静吸复合麻醉诱导起效及麻醉维持时间的比.方法 选择3～80岁Ⅰ～Ⅱ级美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)级患者50例随机分为(A组)顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵组(B组)维库溴铵组.每组各25例,以芬太尼和丙泊酚及咪达唑仑诱导及维持,观察患者肌肉松弛起效及完善插管时间和肌松恢复时间.结果 顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间稍慢,肌松恢复时间较维库溴铵短.结论 顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在全麻诱导起效时间较维库溴铵稍慢,维持肌松时效短,而且不经肝肾代谢,更适合于短小手术及肝肾功能障碍患者.     

盐酸艾司洛尔用于预防全麻气管内插管心血管反应的临床研究

目的：观察艾司洛尔对全麻气管插 血管瓜伯预防作用及安全性。方法：选择９０例ＡＳＡⅠ－Ⅱ级非心脏手术患者,依据和用量不同,随机分为三组,每组３０例,全麻诱导插管前,分别给予艾司洛尔１,２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．９％氯化钠注射液１０ｍｌ,于给药前、给药后及插和后１,２,３,５ｍｉｎ,监测ＨＲＢＰ,ＤＢＰ,麻醉诱导插管采用芬太尼＋２．５％硫喷妥钠＋氯琥珀胆碱,插管后吸入１％～５％,安氟醚及静注万可松维持。结果：     

预注不同镇痛药对罗库溴铵恢复时相的影响

目的 比较预注芬太尼、舒芬太尼、氟比洛芬酯对罗库溴铵恢复时相的影响.方法 全麻择期手术患者60例,年龄18～50岁,随机分为四组(n=15),即对照组(D组)、芬太尼组(F组)、舒芬太尼组(SF组)和氟比洛芬酯组(FL组).采用加速度仪四个成串刺激(TOF)监测肌松.麻醉诱导后给予罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg插管.所有患者在预计手术结束前30 min分别静注生理盐水5mL、芬太尼2μg/kg、舒芬太尼0.2 μg/kg和氟比洛芬酯1 mg/kg,术毕不给拮抗剂,使其在安静状态下自然恢复,当TOF≥90％时结束肌松监测,呼吸恢复满意后拔管.记录罗库溴铵临床作用时间(T125％),T1 75％、TOF 75％、TOF 90％恢复时间及恢复指数.结果 各组的临床作用时间(T1恢复至25％),T1 75％、TOF 75％、TOF 90％恢复时间及恢复指数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 预注芬大尼、舒芬太尼、氟比洛芬酯对罗库溴铵恢复时相无影响.     

Effects of succinylcholine on the recovery of block produced by mivacurium in rats

This study investigates the effects of succinylcholine on the recovery of neuromuscular blockade produced by mivacurium in rats. In 48 anesthetized animals, the sciatic nerve was prepared and stimulated, and twitches of the flexor digitorum longus muscle were recorded. Animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12 each): bolus dose of succinylcholine 0.1 mg/kg (GroupSch), bolus dose of mivacurium 0.15 mg/kg (GroupMiv), bolus dose of mivacurium 0.15 mg/kg, followed by succinylcholine 0.1 mg/kg at 25% neuromuscular recovery from mivacurium (Group-MivSch(25)), or bolus dose of mivacurium 0.15 mg/kg, followed by succinylcholine 0.1 mg/kg at 75% neuromuscular recovery from mivacurium (GroupMivSch(75)). Onset times of neuromuscular block following succinylcholine in mivacurium-treated groups were comparable and significantly shorter than in GroupSch (p < 0.001). Duration of action of succinylcholine was more prolonged when it was given in the presence of deeper neuromuscular block induced by mivacurium (p < 0.001 in GroupMivSch(25) and p < 0.01 in GroupMivSch(75)). Our results suggest that, in rats, mivacurium administration has a significant potentiating effect on a subsequent succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular block.     

Newer neuromuscular blocking agents: how do they compare with established agents?

Rapacuronium bromide (rapacuronium; ORG-9487) is a nondepolarising muscle relaxant (NMBA) with a low potency [90% effective dose (ED90) 1 mg/kg], which to some extent is responsible for its rapid onset of action. Because of the high plasma clearance (5.3 to 11.1 mg/kg/min) of rapacuronium, its clinical duration of action following single bolus doses up to 2 mg/kg in adults is short (i.e. <20 minutes). Rapacuronium forms a pharmacologically active 3-desacetyl metabolite, ORG-9488, which may contribute to a delay in spontaneous recovery after repeat bolus doses or infusions. After rapacuronium 1.5 mg/kg clinically acceptable intubating conditions are achieved within 60 to 90 seconds in the majority of adult and elderly patients undergoing elective anaesthesia. However, in a rapid-sequence setting. intubating conditions are less favourable after rapacuronium 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg than after succinylcholine. The most prominent adverse effects of rapacuronium (tachycardia, hypotension and bronchospasm) are dose-related, and in particular pulmonary adverse effects are observed more frequently under conditions of a rapid-sequence induction in adults. Therefore, it seems worthwhile to consider only doses of rapacuronium < or = 1.5 mg/kg to facilitate rapid tracheal intubation, and to use succinylcholine or rocuronium rather than rapacuronium in a rapid-sequence setting. Rapacuronium, however, is a suitable alternative to mivacurium chloride (mivacurium) and succinylcholine for short procedures (e.g. ambulatory anaesthesia). Rocuronium bromide (rocuronium) is a relatively low-potent, intermediateacting NMBA. Its main advantage is the rapid onset of neuromuscular block whereby good or excellent intubating conditions are achieved within 60 to 90 seconds after rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg (2 x ED95), and within 60 to 180 seconds after smaller doses (1 to 1.5 x ED95). Larger doses of rocuronium (> or = 1 mg/kg) seem to be suitable for rapid-sequence induction under relatively light anaesthesia. However, it is still a matter of controversy whether, in the case of an unanticipated difficult intubation, the long duration of rocuronium administered in such large doses outweighs the many adverse effects of succinylcholine. Rocuronium has mild vagolytic effects and does not release histamine, even when administered in large doses. Rocuronium is primarily eliminated via the liver and its pharmacokinetic profile is similar to that of vecuronium bromide (vecuronium). Unlike vecuronium, rocuronium has no metabolite. Cisatracurium besilate (cisatracurium), the IR-cis, 1'R-cis isomer of atracurium besilate (atracurium) is approximately 4 times more potent than atracurium. The onset time of cisatracurium is significantly slower than after equipotent doses of atracurium. The recommended intubating dose is 0.15 to 0.2 mg/kg (3 to 4 times ED95). Over a wide range of clinically relevant doses the recovery properties of cisatracurium are affected by neither the size of the bolus dose nor by the duration of infusion. Unlike atracurium, cisatracurium does not trigger histamine release. Like atracurium, cisatracurium undergoes Hofmann elimination. In contrast to atracurium, cisatracurium does not undergo hydrolysis by nonspecific plasma esterases. Moreover, about 77% of the drug is cleared by organ-dependent mechanisms.     

Comparative evaluation of atracurium dosed on ideal body weight vs. total body weight in morbidly obese patients

AIMS

This double-blind randomized study evaluated atracurium dosing based on ideal body weight vs. total body weight for muscle relaxation in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

METHODS

Twenty patients (body weight 112–260 kg, BMI 38–79 kg m⁻²) were randomized to receive atracurium 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ ideal body weight vs. 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ total body weight. Primary endpoint was neuromuscular blockade using train-of-four ratios (TOF ratios) and secondary endpoints were intubation conditions and need for antagonism with neostigmine.

RESULTS

In the ideal body weight group, times to recovery of TOF ratio from 0 to 5%, 50% and 75% were significantly shorter [TOF ratio from 0 to 5%: mean difference 30 min (95% CI 23, 39 min)] and with lower variability compared with the total body weight group. In the total body weight group there was a significant correlation between atracurium dose and time to a TOF ratio of 5% (r = 0.82, P < 0.001), which was absent in the ideal body weight group (r = 0.24). In both groups, intubation conditions were good while 70% of the patients in the total body weight group needed neostigmine at the end of surgery compared with 0% in the ideal body weight group.

CONCLUSION

In morbid obesity (112–260 kg), atracurium 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ ideal body weight results in a predictable profile of muscle relaxation allowing for adequate intubation conditions and recovery of muscle strength to a TOF ratio >90% within 60 min with lack of need for antagonism. A dose-dependent prolongation of action is shown when dosing is based on total body weight.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对诱导剂量顺式阿曲库铵起效及再次注药时间的影响

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚与阿托品术前用药对诱导剂量顺式阿曲库铵起效时间及再次注药时间的影响。方法选择30例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级无神经肌肉疾患并拟在全麻下行择期手术的女性患者,随机分成盐酸戊乙奎醚组(Ⅰ组,15例)和阿托品组(Ⅱ组,15例)。两组患者麻醉诱导前30 min分别肌注阿托品或盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01 mg/kg,采用TOF刺激方式,持续监测拇内收肌的收缩反应,TOF≥25%时追加肌松药,记录两组患者神经肌肉阻滞的起效时间及T1从0恢复至25%的时间。应用静脉麻醉诱导,七氟烷吸入麻醉维持。结果与阿托品组比较,盐酸戊乙奎醚组肌松起效时间明显缩短(P<0.05),再次注药时间明显延长(P<0.05)。结论术前肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚能明显缩短诱导剂量顺式阿曲库铵的起效时间,增加临床肌松维持时间,延长再次注药的时间。     

罗库溴铵、维库溴铵和阿曲库铵用于全麻气管插管肌松效应的对比研究

目的观察比较罗库溴铵、维库溴铵及阿曲库铵在全麻诱导气管插管时的肌松效应及不良反应。方法ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者120例,随机分为:罗库溴铵组(Ⅰ组)、维库溴铵组(Ⅱ组)、阿曲库铵组(Ⅲ组),每组给2倍ED95剂量肌松剂。Ⅰ组按用量再分为:Ⅰa组(2倍ED95,0.6 mg/kg)、Ⅰb组(3倍ED95,0.9 mg/kg)2个亚组。每组各30例。麻醉诱导依次静注咪达唑仑0.06 mg/kg、芬太尼4μg/kg,异丙酚2 mg/kg后,Ⅰa、Ⅰb组分别静注罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg、罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg,Ⅱ组静注维库溴铵0.15 mg/kg,Ⅲ组静注阿曲库铵0.5 mg/kg。观察各组气管插管时的肌松效果及不良反应。结果Ⅰ组的起效时间及插管状态优良率均明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,Ⅰb组的插管条件好于Ⅰa组。Ⅰ组的支气管痉挛、皮疹等不良反应的发生率明显低于其他组,对循环系统的影响也较小。结论罗库溴铵比维库溴铵、阿曲库铵起效快,恢复迅速,不良反应少,是较好的全麻气管插管肌松药。     

七氟醚对顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应影响的性别差异

目的 研究七氟醚对顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应影响的性别差异.方法 30例择期行腹腔镜手术患者,ASA Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,分为男性组(M组,n=15)和女性组(F组,n=15).所有患者插管后均靶控输注3μg/L瑞芬太尼(血浆靶控浓度)和吸入七氟醚维持麻醉,当呼气末浓度稳定为1.3 MAC后继续维持40min,静脉注射总量为45μg/kg的顺式阿曲库铵,用TOF GUARD(丹麦)加速度仪进行肌松监测.顺式阿曲库铵45μg/kg分为3等份分次静注,记录每次注药(15μg/kg)后的起效时间及最大阻滞效应.在最后一次注药后记录:T1恢复到25%、50%、75%的时间(T125%、T150%、T175%);TOF比值(T4/T1)恢复到70%的时间(TOFR 0.7)以及恢复指数(RI).结果 1.3 MAC七氟醚麻醉下顺式阿曲库铵女性患者ED50和ED95分别为22.2(15.8～27.2)和38.4(32.1～54.4)μg/kg;男性患者分别为25.6(19.7～30.8)和42.8(36.3～58.2)μg/kg,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组之间顺式阿曲库铵恢复至T175%和RI差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);F组顺式阿曲库铵的起效时间较M组快,恢复至T125%、T150%和TOFR 0.7较M组明显延长(P＜0.05).结论 1.3 MAC七氟醚对顺式阿曲库铵ED5o和ED95的影响无性别差异,但女性患者起效较快,其对顺式阿曲库铵恢复至T125%、T150%及TOFR 0.7所需时间长于男性.     

罗库溴铵应用于小儿与成人的临床药效观察

目的观察静吸复合麻醉下罗库溴铵对小儿与成年人的肌松效应,探讨罗库溴铵用于小儿的作用特点。方法择期全麻手术患者40例,按年龄将患者分为小儿组(2～13岁)和成人组(19～56岁),每组20例。依次静脉注射芬太尼2～3μg/kg,异丙酚1.5～3mg/kg,罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg,应用肌松监测仪四个成串刺激法,连续监测肌松频率、波宽、串间间隔。待T1稳定在100%时,静脉注射罗库溴铵,记录起效时间即罗库溴铵注毕T1下降到0%时行气管插管。恢复时间:罗库溴铵注毕后T1恢复到25%、50%、75%的时间;恢复指数:罗库溴铵注毕后T1从25%到75%的时间。评估插管条件,同时监测呼气末PaCO2及吸入麻醉药物的MAC值。结果小儿组插管条件的优良率(100%)显著高于成人组。小儿组起效时间为(89.6±21.0)s,恢复指数(11.4±5.0)min,成人组起效时间(118.8±24.4)s,恢复指数(13.9±6.1)min。结论2ED95罗库溴铵在小儿组能获得更为满意的插管条件,术中肌松良好,起效和恢复迅速。     

急性高容血液稀释对不同剂量罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响

目的：观察急性高容血液稀释（AHH）对不同剂量罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响。方法： 择期骨科手术患者80例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,35～60岁。随机分为2组（n=40）：A组行急性高容血液稀释（AHH）;B组为对照组,常规输血输液。每组患者再随机分为2个亚组（n=20）,罗库溴铵剂量分别为 0.6、0.9 mg/kg,咪达唑仑 丙泊酚 瑞芬太尼诱导后,静注相应剂量罗库溴铵后气管插管。观察各组患者的肌松起效时间、肌松维持时间、肌松恢复指数、体内作用时间及肌松残留相关时间。结果： 同一剂量与对照组相比较,起效时间延长,四个成串刺激（TOF）无反应期,肌松阻滞维持时间、体内作用时间明显缩短 （P〈0.05）,且高剂量组缩短更为明显（P〈0.01）;恢复指数和肌松残留相关时间未见明显改变（P〉0.05）。结论：两种剂量的罗库溴铵在肌松监测指导下均能顺利插管,插管评级无统计学差异,其剂量与插管时间成反比;AHH使罗库溴铵药效减弱。