MgB2超导材料的薄膜制备及其超导器件的实现

报道了采用电子束蒸发技术实现MgB₂薄膜制备的实验工作。通过蒸镀B膜和Mg/B多层膜两种前驱体,分别经高温区(～900℃)和中温区(～700℃)退火处理后成功获得了高质量的MgB₂薄膜样品。对样品的超导性能、晶体结构和表面形貌进行了详细的测量和表征,并对两类样品性质上所表现出的差异进行了分析。此外,还报道了在薄膜制备基础上利用微加工技术实现的超导微波谐振器的结果。     

超导MgB2薄膜相含量的分析

该文运用物相衍射分析中的多相物质衍射强度公式对所制备的超导MgB2薄膜的相含量进行了研究，算出了多相衍射相关的物理量，获得了MgO在MgB2超导膜中的相含量．在计算过程中。作者作了适当的近似，并在此基础上，分析了相含量对薄膜质量的影响．     

超高载流能力的干净极限MgB2薄膜与超高上临界场的碳掺杂MgB2薄膜

本本文报道了基于混合物理化学气相沉积方法制备高质量干净极限MgB2薄膜和碳掺杂MgB2薄膜的最新结果.c轴外延干净的MgB2薄膜具有高达41.4K的超导转变温度,低于0.3μΩcm的正常态剩余电阻率.样品处于干净极限.薄膜表面RMS粗糙度小于5nm,在150nm宽的纳桥上测量到了大于1×108A/cm2的临界电流密度,接近MgB2,材料理论上的拆对电流密度,同样的结果也从对相同样品的磁性测量中推导得到.利用甲烷作为碳源,基于改进的热丝辅助混合物理化学气相沉积装置,高性能碳掺杂MgB2薄膜得以成功实现.不同程度的碳掺杂调制了MgB2双能带的带内和带间散射,进而明显增强了薄膜的上临界场.在重碳掺杂MgB2薄膜样品中,平行于样品表面的上临界场分量,Hc2//ab在临界温度(27K)附近对温度的斜率,-dHc2//ab/dT达到了3 T/K,暗示了样品具有非常高的上临界场Hc2//ab(0).碳掺杂同时使得样品的磁通钉扎能力得到很大增强.高场下具有比干净样品高出数个量级的临界电流密度,和更高的不可逆场.     

MgB2超导体的相图及其对薄膜制备的指导作用

MgB2适合于制备约瑟夫森结,在超导电子学领域有很好的应用前景。制备高质量的MgB2薄膜至关重要,应用Mg-B/Mg-B-O体系的相图指导MgB2薄膜生长意义重大。总结MgB2相体系及相关系,详细对比分析Mg-B/Mg-B-O体系的热力学相图,总结分析富氧区杂项MgO的生成机理及其对MgB2薄膜质量和性能的影响,研究分析有氧体系下Mg-B/Mg-B-O热力学相图对MgB2薄膜材料制备生长的指导意义,探讨HPCVD环境下采用原位生长技术制备MgB2超导薄膜时热力学相图的指导作用及相关制备工艺。     

多晶MgB2相形成中纳米尺寸硼粉的作用

原料硼粉在MgB2相形成中的作用已经利用原位高温电阻率(HT-ρT)的测量技术进行了研究.MgB2相形成中的起始转变温度Tonset和相转变完成温度TPF在完成了的热处理过程中已直接确定了.用纳米硼粉和镁粉制备MgB2样品(简称为NanoB-MgB2)时的Tonset和TPF这2个温度值分别是440和 490 ℃,类似于用微米硼粉和纳米镁粉制备MgB2样品(简称为MicroB-MgB2)的情况.这表明MgB2相形成的温度并不特别依赖于硼粉的尺寸.另外,烧结温度的上极限TN是750 ℃,在此温度下NanoB-MgB2样品的超导电性将丧失.此温度远低于用微米硼粉和毫米尺寸的镁粉制备的MgB2样品(简称为DM-MgB2)的TN= 980 ℃.把直接在650 ℃＜T N,烧结的样品与先在750 ℃下烧结,之后又再次重磨和处理后,并于富镁的环境中在650 ℃下再烧结处理的样品相比较,观察到了MgB2的不可逆的晶体结构转变.     

应用Abinit软件研究MgB2超导薄膜的量子效应

为了研究超导薄膜材料的量子效应,采用基于第一性原理和密度泛函理论的Abinit计算软件,对MgB2薄膜的原子层间弛豫、平均总能量和递增能进行模拟计算研究。研究结果表明:对于以B和Mg为终结面的MgB2超导薄膜,薄膜的原子层间弛豫大小、递增能都随着薄膜厚度的增加而呈现振荡现象。采用全量子计算的研究结果对超导薄膜材料的理论和实验研究具有一定参考价值和指导意义。     

MgB2超导膜：几种制备方法和样品性质表征

分别利用化学气相沉积、脉冲激光沉积和电泳技术在氧化物单晶基片MgO(111)和c-Al2O3上制备了MgB2超导薄膜和厚膜.所制备的样品均为c轴取向生长或c轴织构生长.三种方法制备的样品的零电阻转变温度分别为38,38.4和39 K.薄膜的临界电流密度在15 K,0 T时高达107A/cm2,达到了目前国际报道的最好水平.薄膜的微波表面电阻Rs在10 K,18 GHz下约为100μΩ,可以和高质量的YBCO薄膜的Rs值相比拟.     

Mg1-xNaxB2化合物的结构和超导特性（英文）

报道了Mg1-xNaxB2化合物的结构和超导特性.块状样品的X射线衍射结果表明样品具有六边形的晶态结构.由于镁粉的化学活性,X射线衍射检测到了少量的MgO杂相.磁测量结果表明非化学计量比的MgB2并没有影响到超导的转变温度及转变温度的宽度.同时,钠的引入几乎没有影响到超导体转变温度.     

超导研究与未来超导技术

综述了超导体的发现和各个时期的研究成果,特别是金属间化合物MgB2研究的新成果.认为由于氧化物陶瓷材料的固有属性及一些具体技术的限制,高温超导的应用还十分有限,MgB2不久将成为有真正应用价值的超导体,低温超导技术将领先于高温超导技术.     

Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO系超导膜的化学喷雾淀积法

介绍用化学喷雾淀积法(CSD法),制备Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO超导膜的研究情况。并对所制样品进行了超导性能的测量和电镜,x射线衍射的测试。测量结果表明:所制膜厚约为50μm,零电阻温度为74K,超导转变温度为98K。样品呈正交结构。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-